4 kilometers west of the county seat of Pingding in Shanxi Province, there is a famous mountain called Guanguan Mountain.
The "crown" of Guanshan Mountain, pronounced as guān, is unique in that the summit of the mountain is flat, like the kind of crown worn by the ancients, so it is called Guanshan Mountain.
Guanshan Mountain, Pingding County, Shanxi Province, is shaped like a crown, the mountain is upright, the ancient pines are lined up, and the environment is extremely elegant
The reason why Guanshan is a famous mountain is not only because of its crown peaks, but also because the mountain is an important symbol of Pingding culture and the origin of Pingding Guzhou culture.
Here, the Pingding Academy was born, the Pingding culture was born, the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism were brought together, and many bachelors and celebrities were nourished. Specifically, there were two famous officials who moved the world: Lu Sicheng, the Zhongshu Zuo Cheng of the Yuan Dynasty, and Qiao Yu, the Shangshu of the Ming Dynasty, and at the same time, they also attracted a celebrity who has been flowing through the ages: Mr. Fu Shan, a thinker, a medical scientist, and a calligrapher and painter in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
National Cultural Relics Protection Unit - Guanshan Academy
Oh yes, soon after the May Day holiday, you may wish to bring your family to my hometown, the most famous mountain with the most cultural context, and maybe there will be a different experience.
Gossip less, get back to business. Today, we will not talk about these two big officials, let's talk about the famous Fu Shan left on the side of the cliff carvings on guanshan Mountain.
On the side of a quiet path in Guanshan, there is a small pavilion with a huge stone on which is engraved the seal book inscribed by Mr. Fu Shan, "Feng Zhou Scoop Drink".
Mr. Fu Shan's inscription "Feng Zhou Scoop Drink" stone carving
This stone carving is regarded as the treasure of Zhenshan by the Pingding literati, and the four words "Fengzhou Scoop Drink" on it naturally attract much attention.
However, what is troublesome is that Mr. Fu Shan inscribed these four words, did not leave a specific explanation, stood up and left, and the literati who had calmed down the ground said what this sentence really meant, chattering and arguing for decades, no one obeyed anyone, and in the end there was no result.
Most Of the Pingding people believe that "Fengzhou" refers to the relocation of the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty from Qiyi to Fengyi (in present-day Chang'an County, Shaanxi Province); "Scoop Drink" comes from the Analects ▪ of Yongye: "A piece of food, a scoop of drink, in the dark alley, people are overwhelmed, and they will not change their happiness." This sentence is Confucius's praise for the noble qualities of his proud protégé Yan Hui: eating rough tea and light rice, living in a ruined alley, others can not bear this kind of life of poverty, but Yan Hui enjoys himself.
The Yan Temple in Qufu, Shandong, also known as the "Fusheng Temple", is dedicated to Yan Hui
However, there are different opinions on why Fu Shan wrote the joint inscription of "Feng Zhou" and "Scoop Drink" in Guanshan.
Some people say that this is Mr. Fu Shan's metaphor for those who want to achieve great things, that is, they must first have the ambition to endure great hardships, and enlighten the students of Guanshan with their profound meaning.
Some people say that Mr. Fu Shan used the metaphor of "Feng zhou scoop drink" to the water of the source, which means that although the source is small, it can often be combined into a river. This means that you have seen this district of Guanshan Academy, and the talents cultivated here are all the great instruments of the country.
Some people say that Mr. Fu Shan borrowed the harmonic sound of "scoop drinking" to imply that he never forgot the great cause of anti-Qing and restoration of the Ming Dynasty, resolutely did not do anything for the Qing court, and wanted to "drift away" everywhere. No, from Taiyuan to Pingding Guanshan came.
Portrait of Fu Shan (Painted by Ye Yanlan in the Qing Dynasty)
Some people say, "Feng Zhou Scoop Drink", you all read it wrong, you should read "Li Zhou Scoop Drink". The traditional character for "Feng" is "豐", and "豐" is also a variant of "Li". The word in the oracle bone is like a few pieces of jade placed on top of the "bean" (ancient vessel), that is, "豐" is a ceremonial vessel for holding valuables. Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty", "Explanation of Words and Characters": "豐, the instrument of etiquette." "
In fact, these are nonsense! It's all jokes that old pedants look forward to literary righteousness and like to drop book bags!
The phrase "Feng Zhou Scoop Drink" was not invented by Fu Shan, and it was clearly recorded as early as the Notes on the Water Classics written by Northern Wei Li Daoyuan, and the meaning expressed had nothing to do with the Zhou Dynasty and was not related to Yan Hui.
Forty Volumes of Water Classics, Song Carved Ben, Yuan Ke Wen Bao, Twelve Volumes, this copy was originally stored in the Qing Cabinet Treasury
Book IV of the Notes on the Water Classics says: "At the bottom of the mountain and the water, there are two stone chambers, and the former residence of the hermit is also." The fine water flows eastward and flows into the Valley. There are stone chambers in the south of the side creek mountain, two stone chambers in the west, and two stone chambers in the north, all because of the Ajie Mu, even the stone chambers are connected to the min, and the so-called stone chambers are also separated. On the East Wing Stone, there are traces of pestles and mortars; there are also old spaces in the court, which still seem to be the former foundation; on the North Kan Room, there are slight trickles of stone slips, and Feng Zhou Scoop drinks, which seems to be a place of perching and hermitage. Xi Zixia taught Xihe, suspecting that this is also the case. "
This passage is translated into modern Chinese, which roughly means: there are two stone chambers on the water side of the mountain, probably where the hermit lived. Fine water flows east and flows into the valley. The mountain by the stream, there are stone chambers in the southern foothills, two stone chambers facing west, and two stone chambers facing north, all of which open windows at the corners, and the portals are connected, which is the so-called stone chamber communication. On the stone of the east side chamber, there are still traces of stone mortars, and the ruins in the courtyard where the old houses are located are still faintly recognizable. Above the stone chamber on the north cliff, there is a thin stream flowing down the stone stream, enough for drinking, which looks like a place of seclusion and teaching. Once upon a time, Zi Xia taught students in Xihe, and maybe this was the place.
Child summer images
The "hermit" mentioned in the text, that is, Zixia; "Stone Chamber", is the remnant of Zixia's religion in present-day Hancheng, Henan.
Zixia (c. 507 BC –?) ), surname Bu, the name of the shang, the character Xia, in the late Spring and Autumn Period of the Jin Dynasty (present-day southwest of Wen County, Henan) people. Confucius's student, one of the "Seventy-Two Sages of Confucius", is also one of the "Ten Philosophers of Confucius", 44 years younger than Confucius.
From the sixteenth year of King Zhending of Zhou (453 BC), Zixia began to lecture in Xihe (in the area of present-day Heyang and Hancheng), with more than 300 scholars, and was also invited by Marquis Yan of Wei as a teacher. In his later years, he became blind due to weeping, and his descendants lived in Hancheng.
Pingding Guanshan "Feng Zhou Scoop Drink" stone carving
Knock on the chalkboard and say the point!
"A slight trickle of stones, a rich week of drinking" is not a profound and difficult allusion, this sentence is not uncommon in ancient literature.
Tang Dynasty Wang Wei's "Luan Jiase" poem: "In the autumn rain, shallow stones slip through." "
Song Dynasty Su Rui "Wanshan Temple" poem: "Trickle stone slip for the kitchen foot, standing on the mountain Pingrui Temple open." "
Zhou Lujing of the Ming Dynasty," "Jin zhi ji pan yue": "Listen to the temple bell faintly, the stone slips, always amusing the wandering." "
The "stone slip" mentioned in the poem refers to the flow of water between the rocks. "Slight trickle of stone" means that there is a thin stream flowing out of the stone stream.
Guanshan "Literature Famous State" Archway
Yu Binshuo, a Qing dynasty man, talked about his experience in searching for the Zhaoming Reading Desk in the "Jinling Langu": "The spring is on the side of the Ancient Fayun Temple, out of a small basket, a slight trickle of stones, and a fengzhou scoop to drink. Then up to Prince Rock, that is, The Reading Desk of Prince Liang Zhaoming. "
The "Fengzhou Scoop Drink" mentioned in Yu Binshuo's poem is exactly the same as the meaning of "Feng Zhou Scoop Drink" mentioned in Li Daoyuan's "Notes on water classics", that is, the water trickles down and is enough for drinking.
Here, by the way, the story of "Zi Xia Mi Zengzi" may help everyone to correctly understand the sentence "a slight trickle of stones, a toyo zhou scoop drink".
"Han Feizi Yu Lao": "Zi Xia saw Zengzi." Zeng Ziyi: 'He Feiye?' "Victory, so fat also." Zeng Zi said: "What is also?" Zi Xia said: "When I see the righteousness of the kings, I will be honored; and when I see the joy of riches, I will be honored." The two fight in the chest, unknown victory or defeat, so they are embarrassed. Now the king's righteousness is victorious, so fat. '"
Sculpture of lecture scene of Pingding Guanshan Academy
The meaning of this passage is: Once, Zixia went to see Zengzi, and Zengzi said, "How did you get fat?" Zi Xia replied, "I won the battle, so I gained weight." Zeng Zi was puzzled and asked, "What do you mean by that?" Zi Xia explained: "When I entered the gate of the Master and listened to the morality of the previous kings, my heart was very yearning; after I walked out of the Master's door, I saw the glory and wealth of the outside world, and my heart was very envious." These two thoughts fought in my chest and did not distinguish between victory and defeat, so I lost weight. Now the benevolence and morality advocated by the kings have triumphed in my heart, so I am wide-hearted and fat. "
Pingding Guanshan Zifu Temple
Open-minded, can look serene; no worries, wide heart to be fat.
As for Mr. Fu Shan's feelings when he wrote down the four words "Feng Zhou Scoop Drink" with his pen, and what kind of considerations, "Zi fei fish, an zhi fish pleasure", I am not Fu Shan, how can I know what he was thinking at that time?
If you have to ask the truth, then you may wish to visit Mr. Fu Shan and hear what he has to say. (Zhang Wenping)