Title XIII, Chapter 14
Ran Zi retreated. Zi Yue: "He Yanye?" Right: "There is a government." Zi Yue: "Its business also." If there is a government, although I do not think of it, I will hear it. "
Ran Zi: Among the disciples of Confucius, there are three disciples with the surname Ran, they are three brothers, of which Ran Qiu's achievements are large, so Ran Zi in the Analects specifically refers to Ran Qiu.
Ran Qiu is the representative of the political affairs section of the "Four Branches of Confucius Gate", he is versatile, good at financial management, and has also led soldiers to fight, and is deeply one of the "Three Huans" and the weight of the Ji family.
Ran Qiu was the most disobedient disciple among Confucius, and was criticized by Confucius many times, even calling him "not a disciple"!
Retreat: That is, after the end of the imperial court meeting, is the imperial court here a public dynasty or a private dynasty of the Ji clan? Controversially, Zhu Xi argues: "Ran is sometimes Ji Shizai. Chao, the private dynasty of the Ji clan also. ”
Zheng Xuan's note: "The private dynasty of the Ji clan." He Yan did not adopt his theory when composing the Analects of the Analects, but adopted Zhou Shenglie (that is, Tang Lie, later changed his surname to Zhou Sheng, a scribe during the Three Kingdoms period) to dismiss Lu Junzhi.
After the connection, it can be inferred that Ran Zi should have retired to the Gong Dynasty, and Du Pre-yue said: "In the jun for the government, in the subject for the matter." Since Ran Zi mentioned "politics", it should be the Gong Dynasty.
As for why Ran Zi was able to discuss matters in the Gong Dynasty, history does not record it, it is possible that he was promoted by the monarch, it is also possible that he attended on behalf of the Ji clan, or it is also possible that there was an office of the Ji clan in the Gong Dynasty.
Yan: Tianqing also, from the sound of the day, the shape of the sound and the meaning of the word, the sun under the peace, will be under the sun no wind and no clouds, the weather is clear. For example, the "Book of Han and suburban ancestral records": "The sunrise is Clear for Yan." Another example is the "Book of Han - Biography of Yang Xiong": "Then the heavens are clear and the sun is shining."
Yan extension refers to softness and gentleness, such as the "Book of Poetry - Wei Feng": "The General Horn of Yan, the Laughter of Yan Yan".
Yan also refers to calm and leisure, such as "Journey to the West": "Heqing Haiyan, Dade Kuanren." Another example is: "Be self-satisfied."
Yan also passed the twilight, such as "Lü Shi Chunqiu Shen Xiao": "The second son waits for the king, Yue Yan." Another example is "Chu Ci And Departure": "And the age of the unwashed." ”
The Yan in this article is a kanji for 旰 (旰), meaning: late, late. Such as food and night clothes. Another example is Yan Ran and Yan Sleep.
There is government: there is government affairs. For example, "administrative establishment" and "career establishment" are not the same, and "political" generally refers to open state affairs. "Affair" refers to a private princely family affair.
Imperial court officials were divided into administrative officials, the former responsible for the formulation of the country's major policies, while the latter was responsible for implementation.
No: Don't let me participate in the decision.
Wen: Listening to the government, that is, as an old member of the country, you can listen to the government of the DPRK, such as those who are currently attending the meeting. The Zhou Li has a rule: "Although the doctor does not govern things, Jude has to listen to the state affairs."
The full text is understood to mean:
Ran Zi retreated back. Confucius asked, "Why did you come back so late?" Ran Zi replied, "There are government affairs." Confucius said, "That is just a matter." If there is a government affair, although it has nothing to do with me, I will also know. "
Regarding the interpretation of this article, there is great controversy, whether Confucius criticized Ran Zi for not being able to distinguish between "politics" and "affairs", or did he want to use this incident to allude to ran zi's inability to serve Ji?
Zhu Xi believed that Confucius scolded Ran Zi, but in fact cursed Ji Shi, just like Wei Zheng's "pair of offering tombs": after the death of Empress Changsun, she was buried in Zhaoling, and Tang Taizong missed the empress, so he built a tall building in the garden to see Zhaoling, and one day, Emperor Taizong invited Wei Zheng to climb the tower with him and asked Wei Zheng if he could see Zhaoling, and Wei Zheng deliberately said "can't see".
Taizong pointed with his hand, "There." Wei Zheng said, "The minister also thought that His Majesty would let his subjects see the Xianling Tomb, if the Zhaoling Emperor had already seen it", Wei Zheng used this method to imply that Taizong should not snub his father's Xianling, and When Taizong found out, he felt inappropriate, so he demolished the tall building.
Mr. Li Bingnan quoted a passage from the Analects written by a Japanese in the "Analects of the Analects", "What Ran Zi discussed is a state affair, not a family affair, and 'having a government' is also based on the facts." ”
Because Ran You is The Ji Clan Zai, the Ji Clan Dictatorship, he is of course discussing state affairs, it will not be a family affair, but the place of discussion of state affairs is not right, it should not be in the Ji family, it should be in the Lu Jun court, this is the mistake pointed out by Confucius, Confucius Ming is criticizing his disciple Ran You, in fact, secretly criticizing the Ji clan for usurpation.
Why did Confucius regard the distinction between "politics" and "affairs" so important? Judging from the official news, if the people know that there will be a political outflow, they must hold a very forward-looking attitude. If it is done, the people will inquire what will happen.
If there is no distinction between politics and affairs, it will surely mislead the folk wind, so the gentleman must be cautious, so Confucius believes: For the government, we must first correct the name! From this chapter, it can also be known that politics and affairs must be clearly distinguished, and public and private affairs should not be mixed.
In real life, many people are very imprecise in their words, easy to misunderstand, and eventually lead to things not being done well, and even harming others and harming themselves.
Metaphysician He Yan
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the great general He Jin named his grandson He Yan, the word He Yan comes from the Analects, He Jin's intention is very obvious, hoping that He Yan can read the sages and achieve great deeds in the future.
He Yan did not live up to his grandfather's expectations, grew up to become a famous scribe, and advocated metaphysics with Xiahou Xuan, Wang Bi, etc., competed for a clear talk, and opened up a momentary trend, becoming one of the founders of Wei and Jin metaphysics.
He Yan (?) –249), courtesy name Ping. A native of Wan County, Nanyang Commandery (present-day Nanyang, Henan).
He Yan's father died early, and Sikong Cao Cao accepted his mother Yin Shi as a concubine, so he was adopted and favored by Cao Cao. He Yan has a flamboyant personality and wears clothes similar to Shizi, so Cao Pi is very disgusted with him, and does not call him by name or word every time, calling him a "fake son".
When He Yan was a teenager, he was famous for his talent show, excellent looks, and liked the learning of Lao Zhuang, and later married Cao Cao's daughter Princess Jinxiang and became a donkey.
After Emperor Cao Pi of Wei ascended the throne, He Yan was sidelined, so during the Period of Huang Chu (220-226), He Yan never served as an official.
He Yan and Shi Biluo (present-day Dongping County, Tai'an City, Shandong Province) and the famous scholars Deng Biao (yáng, a native of Xinye County, Henan, a descendant of Deng Yu), Li Sheng (a native of present-day Jingzhou, Hubei), and Ding Mi (from present-day Bozhou, Anhui) all had talents, but they were eager to become rich and became inflamed.
After the Wei Ming Emperor Cao Rui succeeded to the throne, he hated their hypocrisy and untruthfulness, and they all suppressed them and did not hire them, and He Yan only served as some redundant officials.
At that time, Emperor Wei Mingdi suspected that the reason why He Yan's skin was so white and smooth must have been that he had rubbed a lot of fat powder. So he asked people to send noodle soup, let He Yan eat it in the middle of summer, it was bound to sweat a lot, and as soon as the sweat came out, the fat powder fell off, and He Yan's plain face was exposed.
But what I didn't expect was that He Yan was actually a natural good leather bag, the sleeves were wiped back and forth, and his face was still so smooth and white and natural. This made he Yan's reputation as a beautiful man more widely circulated.
What makes He Yan radiant is not only by makeup and clothing, but also by taking medicine internally. He Jin also took Five Stones Powder with his friends and some of the people he had befriended, saying that the efficiency of the conversation increased after taking it.
These five stones were originally used as a medicine for curing diseases, but after being abused, they became a common "small dish" among some celebrities. But in fact, taking too much five-stone powder is harmful to the human body, and serious can even lead to death.
This Qing Tan was also a kind of literary salon led by He Yan and others, mainly based on metaphysics (a Confucian philosophical trend that emerged during the Wei and Jin dynasties). It is the study and commentary of Lao Tzu, Zhuangzi and Zhou Yi). Although many people thought that this doctrine was very vain and had no substance, Emperor Wei Ming only gave him an insignificant position at that time.
He Yan studied the Analects very well, and after he wrote the Analects of the Analects, there were many people who wrote righteousness and neglected them. During the Southern Dynasty Liang Dynasty, Emperor Kan gathered a wide range of people to write "On Semantic Neglect" based on the idea of Southern Studies.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, Xing Yu and others changed the "Analects of Semantic Neglect" to "Analects of Commentary" (also known as "Analects of Justice" and "Analects of Commentaries on The Thirteen Classics"), which were included in the "Thirteen Commentaries on the Commentaries".
He Yan also edited two volumes of Lao Tzu's Treatise on Morality, and wei shi contained He Yan's five-character poem "Yanzhi Poem".
In the first month of the third year of the Jing Dynasty (239), Cao Rui died and was succeeded by the crown prince Cao Fang. At that time, the general Cao Shuang and the lieutenant Sima Yi assisted the government, Cao Shuang had always been close and friendly with He Yan and others, and when he came to power to assist the government, because of He Yan's talent, he immediately introduced and promoted He Yan and others to become his confidants.
He Yan and others all jointly pushed Cao Shuang, believing that great power could not be entrusted to others. Ding Mo advised Cao Shuang and asked Cao Shuang to issue an edict to Sima Yi and rename Sima Yi as Taifu, honoring Sima Yi with a false name on the outside, but in fact intended to let Shangshu take charge of the matter, and Cao Shuang would first be overtaken by Cao Shuang in order to control priorities, and Cao Shuang obeyed his plan and ordered Sima Yi to be appointed as Taifu.
In the first month of the first decade (249), when Sima Yi accompanied Cao Fang with Cao Shuang's brothers to visit the Wei Ming Emperor Gao Pingling, he launched a coup d'état, closed the city of Luoyang and occupied Cao Shuang and Cao Xi's military camps. Cao Shuang eventually surrendered to Sima Yi and surrendered power.
According to the "Spring and Autumn of the Wei Dynasty", after the gaopingling rebellion, Sima Yi asked He Yan to participate in the governance of Cao Shuang and others' cases. He Yan thoroughly investigated Cao Shuang's henchmen and wanted to be spared.
Sima Yi said: "There are eight ethnic groups involved. He Yan listed seven surnames, including Ding and Deng. Sima Yi said, "It's not over yet." He Yan said, "Is it talking about me?" Sima Yi said, "Yes." So he took He Yan into custody. On the tenth day of the first lunar month, Sima Yi exterminated the three tribes together with He Yan and Cao Shuang for plotting rebellion.
Yuan Hong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty referred to He Yan, Xiahou Xuan, and Wang Bi as the First Famous Scholars in the Biography of Mingshi.