Fan Zhongyun
In the first month of the fifth year of the Qing calendar (1045), the defeat of the "New Deal of the Qing Calendar", which had been led by Fan Zhongyan, had been decided, and the reform had come to an end, and the chancellor Zhang Dexiang took a copy of the recital to Song Renzong, and it was Fan Zhongyan's resignation. At this time, Fan Zhongyan also left the capital a few months ago and went to the local government to take up his post, and the reason why he asked for his resignation this time was to hear that many reformist officials had been degraded, and the DPRK and The Cpc had started a theory of being a partisan, which made Fan Zhongyan, who was in the field, discouraged, so he expressed this request for resignation.
When Song Renzong received the resignation form, he was very embarrassed. If they do not approve it, I am afraid that the conservative officials will not agree; if they do, they will be afraid of hurting Fan Zhongyan's heart. What's more, this reform was the emperor himself pushed Fan Zhongyun to the front desk, and now there is a lot of scolding, but it makes Fan Zhongdrown carry this black cauldron, and Song Renzong is also ashamed.
Song Renzong was embarrassed, so he asked Zai Xiang for Zhang Dexiang's opinion. Zhang De seemed to be an old official and knew the emperor's thoughts; although he had never openly opposed the New Deal, he was a conservative in his bones, never taking a stand on things easily, and once he made a statement, it was bound to be a cruel move that killed people. Therefore, Zhang Dexiang said to Song Renzong: "Fan Zhongyun has always liked to make false names, and if His Majesty immediately agrees to resign, it will hurt His Majesty's holy virtue, and he may wish to issue an edict to keep it; if Fan Zhongyun expresses his gratitude and no longer resigns, then fan Zhongyun can be formally deposed." Zhang Dexiang's subtext is: As long as Fan Zhong drowns Xie En and does not ask for resignation, it shows that his resignation this time is not sincere, but uses the emperor's benevolence. A person who uses the emperor shows that he is not a loyal person, and even if he is deposed again, the people of the world will not say anything.
Zhang De is like an old man in the officialdom, and as long as the words are well packaged, rumors can also become loyal. Emperor Renzong of Song heeded Zhang Dexiang's advice and issued an edict to keep him. Fan Zhongyan had no intention of resigning from the official, and when he saw the emperor retaining him, he was very moved, and thought that the emperor trusted him as before, and immediately expressed his gratitude and did not mention the request to resign the official. For Song Renzong, Fan Zhongyun's performance was unfortunately zhang desiring, and his heart was extremely disappointed.
Fan Zhongyan was the proud son of heaven, and had always advocated the ideological concept of "worrying about the world before the world, and enjoying the happiness of the world after the world", which was admired by the scholar class at that time, but in his old age, the perfect personality was "insulted" in front of the emperor. The fundamental reason why Zhang Dexiang's ruse succeeded was that Fan Zhongyan began to understand life in his later years, which can be seen from a conversation with the retired old prime minister Lü Yijian before he left the capital for Shaanxi. Lü Yijian asked, "I wonder why Fan Gong is in such a hurry to leave the capital this time?" Fan Zhongyan was silent for a long time and said: "This time I left Beijing to handle military affairs on the Western Front. Lü Yijian shook his head and said, "No, if you want to deal with military affairs on the Western Front, how can Shaanxi be compared to the imperial court?" Fan Zhong was stunned, he was obviously a failure of reform, and wanted to leave the imperial court, which was a place of right and wrong, but he still did not tell the truth, but Lü Yijian could see through it at a glance, and he could not help but admire Lü Yijian.
You know, in the past, Lü Yijian was very jealous of Fan Zhongyan, and Fan Zhongyan was also very hostile to Lü Yijian. However, at this time, Fan Zhongyun had already walked around the ranks of Zai Chen, but he touched a gray-headed face, and his feelings were completely different from that year, and he already had remorse in his heart for repeatedly attacking Lü Yijian.
The world has always thought that Fan Zhongyun was completely understood because of the failure of reform, which is also true, but it is not all true. Because, on the eve of the "New Deal for the Celebration of the Calendar", Fan Zhongyan was still in the northwest commanding the battle against the Western Xia, and his work was so prosperous that he did not want to return to the imperial court at all. At that time, Fan Zhongyan was already 55 years old, and in that era, he was already an old man, and when In April of the third year of the Qing calendar, Song Renzong appointed Fan Zhongyan as a privy envoy (equivalent to the chairman of the Central Military Commission), Fan Zhongyan was even on the five consecutive recitals. Three months later, Emperor Renzong of Song again issued an edict appointing Fan Zhongyan as the Governor of the People's Republic of China (Vice Chancellor), and Fan Zhongyan again resigned on the grounds that "the ruling power can be obtained by the counselors."
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > what did Fan Zhongyan go through? Why have appointments been resigned again and again? This has to start with Fan Zhongyun in his youth. </h1>
At the age of 27, Fan Zhongyan was admitted to the jinshi and served as the supervisor of salt tax in Xixi Town, Taizhou. Xixi creek is near the sea, the is in disrepair all year round, and the people are often affected by flood disasters. Seeing that the people were suffering, Fan Zhongyan ignored the suspicion of ultra vires and spoke to the leaders to request that the embankment be repaired. At that time, zhang Lun, the deputy envoy of the transport, was very appreciative of Fan Zhongyan, who was worried about the country and the people, and agreed to Fan Zhongyan's request, and Fan Zhongyan was also promoted to Zhi County of Xinghua County because of Zhang Lun's recommendation, and was fully responsible for the repair of the embankment.
However, in the process of building the, due to the influence of bad weather, the was destroyed by storms and waves, and hundreds of people died, and Fan Zhongyun was imprisoned and waited for treatment. However, Fan Zhongyan did not worry about his own safety, but instead wrote a letter to Zhang Lun in prison, chen complaining about the benefits of building the embankment, which was only a temporary difficulty, and if the embankment could be repaired, it would be a hundred years of work. Zhang Lun was touched by Fan Zhongyun and tried to protect Fan Zhongyun in front of Chincha, asking Fan Zhongyun to stop the construction of the embankment again. Fan Zhongyan was acquitted and continued to be responsible for the construction of the embankment, unfortunately, Fan Zhongyan's mother died, and he could only resign and return home for three years. However, Zhang Lun continued to repair the embankment, and the people built an ancestral hall for Zhang Lun to thank Zhang Lun, but Zhang Lun told the people that Fan Zhongyan was the person they were most thankful for. It can be said that Fan Zhongyan's first appearance handed over a perfect answer sheet.
Fan Zhong flood disaster relief map
In ancient times, many officials regarded filial piety as a chore, and if they were not allowed to serve for three years, they would miss many opportunities. Some people are named Shou Xiaoxiao, but in fact they jump up and down to contact officials at all levels to pave the way for a comeback; Fan Zhongyan Shou Xiao is really Shou Xiao, completely closed doors, and concentrated on studying. Fortunately, Fan Zhongyan met a person, that is, Yan Shu, a former deputy envoy of the Privy Council and a squire of the Punishment Department. Because of his disagreement with Empress Liu's political views, Yan Shu was demoted to Tianfu, and he ran a school in Ying Tianfu and flourished Confucianism. Hearing that Fan Zhongyan, who was guarding filial piety at home, was very knowledgeable, Yan Shu personally visited the door and invited Fan Zhongyan to give a lecture to the young Confucian students. As a result, Fan Zhongyan and Yan Shu became confidants, and they both admired each other.
Two years later, Yan Shu's Confucian education was doing well, and Empress Liu was not faint, and she still admired Yan Shu's talent, so she summoned Yan Shu to the imperial court again. Soon, the imperial court asked various officials to recommend talents, Yan Shu recommended a few, and after the chancellor Wang Zeng looked at it, he found that Fan Zhong was not drowned in it, so he asked Yan Shu what was going on. And Yan Shu smiled awkwardly and did not speak, Wang once said: "As Zaifu, it is the most important thing to raise a virtuous person for the country, I will not report your list first, you rewrite a copy and then hand it over."
This is strange, in the eyes of Manchu Dynasty Wenwu, Fan Zhongyan is Yan Shu's protégé, moreover, the two still appreciate each other, and they both feel that as long as there is an opportunity, Yan Shu will definitely recommend Fan Zhongyun, but the truth is not like this, why?
Originally, Fan Zhongyan, in gratitude for Yan Shu's kindness, wrote a 10,000-word song to Song Renzong for the sake of the world's life, imploring the imperial court to reform the maladministration as soon as possible, which made Yan Shu afraid. Because, when Yan Shu was young, he also had some sharp edges, but now that the official field has been up and down for many years, many edges and corners have long been smoothed out, and for the way of officials, it is better to move than to be quiet. And Fan Zhongyun during the period of filial piety dared to write tens of thousands of words and talk about reform, which made Yan Shu frightened. He felt that it was still okay to talk to Fan Zhongyan as a confidant and talk about learning, and if fan Zhongyan was recommended as an official, it would be too risky. It should be known that in the Song Dynasty, when recommending officials, the sponsor was responsible for the end, and if there was a problem with the person being recommended, the sponsor was also implicated.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > first degraded</h1>
It was precisely because of this that at the beginning, Yan Shu did not recommend Fan Zhongyan. Now that the prime minister Wang Zeng had spoken, Yan Shu no longer recommended Fan Zhongyun, and he was suspected of being jealous of Xiancai, so he had to recommend Fan Zhongyun.
As a result, Fan Zhongyan was appointed as the secretary of the cabinet and became a cabinet official. Although this official position is not high, it is very promising, many people can not ask for it, as long as they keep to themselves, after a few years they will become the zhizhi and join the ranks of the emperor's secretary team, and the chance of entering the prime minister's team in the future is also very great.
However, Fan Zhongyan was not a person who kept to himself, and when he heard that Emperor Renzong of Song had brought a hundred officials of wen and wu to give Empress Liu a birthday gift in the courtroom, he felt that this matter was inappropriate. He believed that if he was in the palace, Emperor Renzong could naturally meet his mother as a son according to the family rituals. But above the court, Emperor Renzong was the lord of all the people, so how could he make a great gift to the empress?
In fact, Fan Zhongyan was not wrong, the emperor and the empress dowager were both mother and son, but also monarchs. After all, the emperor is long live, and the empress dowager is Chitose. Therefore, Fan Zhongyan gave a recital to the emperor and stated his views. Emperor Renzong received the recital and was very grateful to Fan Zhongyan. Because Emperor Renzong was already in his 20s, it was said that the empress dowager had already returned the government to Emperor Renzong, but the empress dowager seized the power and did not let go, which made Emperor Renzong very helpless. Despite Fan Zhongyan's recital, Emperor Renzong remained silent in order to protect Fan Zhongyun.
However, as soon as Fan Zhongyan saw that the emperor did not speak, he played another chapter, the wording was very fierce, directly criticizing the empress dowager's greed for power and favoring foreign relatives, and listed many crimes. After Fan Zhongyan handed over the folds, he waited at home for the imperial court to send someone to arrest him.
In fact, at this time, Fan Zhongyan had already done a good job, and the emperor also knew your loyalty, and if things ended here, he also won himself the reputation of not fearing power. However, Fan Zhongyun was a bit of a tendon, and when he was in the upper dynasty, he took the initiative to mention this matter, originally, the matter of Songzhang had been suppressed by Emperor Renzong, and the empress dowager and the hundred officials did not know it, and now they had poked the matter out. Emperor Renzong had no choice but to demote Fan Zhongyan out of the imperial court for the sake of the empress's face. That is to say, Fan Zhongyan originally had a great future, but knowing that there were tigers in the mountains, he was partial to the tiger mountains, and for the sake of ideals, he was willing to be cannon fodder again.
However, a few years later, Empress Liu died, and Emperor Renzong took the throne and transferred Fan Zhongyan back to the capital. At that time, many officials in the DPRK and China fell into the well against the late Empress Liu, and the imperial court was filled with all kinds of criticism of Empress Liu, and whoever dared to say good things about the empress dowager would be attacked as the empress dowager's remnant party. However, Fan Zhongyan persuaded Emperor Renzong that although Empress Liu had all kinds of bad things before she died, she had the great grace of nurturing and protecting Her Majesty, and that the empress dowager had passed away and should forget her small mistakes and become a great virtue between mother and son.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > degraded for the second time</h1>
After Emperor Renzong listened, he had mixed feelings and remembered Empress Liu's various goodnesses, so he ordered that it was strictly forbidden to slander Empress Liu, and fan Zhongyun was even more respectful and appreciative, and if there were no accidents, Fan Zhongyun's promotion was just around the corner. However, not long after, Fan Zhongyan personally destroyed his good image and became a person who made the imperial court chancellor and Emperor Renzong hate.
The thing is that since Emperor Renzong was pro-government, he did not have the control of the empress dowager, and he favored the two concubines. Emperor Renzong's original consort, Empress Guo, was jealous, and in the course of arguing with two concubines, accidentally scratched Renzong's neck with her fingernails.
Emperor Renzong deliberately deposed and arranged for the chancellor Lü Yijian to take charge of this matter, but after the abolition, it was opposed by hundreds of officials. In particular, Fan Zhongyun felt that since the founding of the Great Song Dynasty, there had never been a posthumous incident. He wrote a seal and criticized Emperor Renzong as a descendant, but he could not abide by the ancestral etiquette law, and abolishing the empress was not filial piety. As a result, this incident offended Renzong and Lü Yijian.
Emperor Renzong of Song issued an edict and immediately expelled Fan Zhongyan from the capital and went to the local government as an official. Originally, according to the rules of the imperial court, the foreign officials generally had to resign to the emperor, and the emperor would more or less say some words of encouragement, but this time, Fan Zhongyan was degraded, and he immediately left the capital and was not allowed to stay. This shows that in the matter of the abolition, Fan Zhongyan has become a person that the emperor hates.
Of course, Fan Zhongyan's depreciation this time does not mean that his career is over. Later, because of his merits in local water control, he was transferred back to the imperial court. However, as soon as he returned to the capital, the news of the death of the deposed Guo clan came from the palace. It turned out that after Empress Guo was deposed, Emperor Renzong also felt guilty in his heart, so he went to the Cold Palace to see Guo and said that he would welcome her back to the palace in the near future. However, the eunuch Yan Wenying who accompanied him was frightened, because he had framed Guo Shi with Lü Yijian before, and once Guo was restored, he was a small eunuch and had no good life. Therefore, the eunuch Yan Wenying bought off the imperial doctor and poisoned Guo.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > third depreciation</h1>
After Fan Zhongyan heard about this matter, he got into trouble with the prime minister Lü Yijian and felt that Lü Yijian was also responsible for guo's death after the abolition. It is said that Lü Yijian did not participate in the poisoning of the Guo clan, and he could not blame others. But Fan Zhong was jealous and hateful, so he bit Lü Yijian to death. In the end, Emperor Renzong was helpless, so he transferred Fan Zhongyun to Kaifeng Province as a governor.
Not to mention, in less than a month, Fan Zhongyan had managed Kaifeng Province in a similar way, winning the applause of the imperial court. However, Fan Zhongyan began to point fingers at the government again, originally as a local official, the affairs of the court had nothing to do with him, but he was partial.
At that time, Emperor Renzong intended to move the capital to Luoyang, and was supported by the chancellor Lü Yijian, but when Fan Zhongyan learned of this, he felt that it was not feasible to move the capital, and once again he fought with Lü Yijian, and the two sides came and went, and for a few days the court was chaotic into a pot of porridge.
In the end, Emperor Renzong weighed it up and felt that although Lü Yijian had many minor problems, he was still competent in the position of prime minister and extremely loyal to himself. When Lü Yijian and Fan Zhongyan had their own shortcomings and were difficult to coexist, Emperor Renzong finally chose Lü Yijian, abandoned Fan Zhongyan, and demoted him to Rao Prefecture as a small Zhizhou.
A few years later, Lü Yijian was also deposed by Emperor Renzong for the exclusion of the chancellor Wang Zeng, and also went to the local government. However, a year later, Lü Yijian was recalled to the imperial court again, and the official was reinstated, and after some twists and turns, Lü Yijian also had more understanding of Fan Zhongyan's character. When the Western Xia rebelled and the border was in turmoil, Lü Yijian recommended Fan Zhongyan to take charge of the northwest war. Since then, Fan Zhongyan has made meritorious achievements in the northwest and made good achievements in resisting the Western Xia. It was not until he was recalled to the imperial court to implement the "New Deal for celebrating the calendar", and after the failure of the New Deal, Fan Zhongyan completely left the center of power and was never recalled to the imperial court again.
In fact, after being degraded several times, until he was in charge of the Western Xia War, Fan Zhongyan's personal state of mind had long changed, especially when he was degraded to Raozhou, because the environment was too bad, so that his wife died of illness, and he himself was also suffering from pneumonia, all kinds of misfortunes, Fan Zhongyan's blow was very large, so that his view of things had changed long ago.
Therefore, when Emperor Renzong summoned Fan Zhongyun many times, Fan Zhongyun repeatedly resigned, Fan Zhongyan was not an indecisive person, in other words, if he had received Emperor Renzong's edict and could join the ranks of Zai chen, he would have immediately agreed. However, after more than 20 years of official ups and downs, Fan Zhongyun at this time has matured a lot, and he has also understood that he is no longer the impulsive youth who bravely moves forward and desperately wants to be cannon fodder for the sake of ideals.
Later, the reason why Fan Zhongyan agreed to lead the reform was because the clamor for reform from top to bottom of the Manchu Dynasty was higher than the wave, and Emperor Renzong showed enough sincerity to open the "Tianzhang Pavilion" and express his opinions as much as he could, and Fan Zhongyan agreed to participate in the reform.
And Fan Zhongyan's reforms, also at the urging of the imperial court, was carried out hastily, many details were not perfected, and there was great resistance to implementation, which also made Fan Zhongyun exhausted, especially the theory of the partisans, so that Emperor Renzong became suspicious of him, which further made Fan Zhongyun's future actions, without the sharpness of the previous one, become cautious.
Therefore, when Fan Zhongyan heard that many reformist officials had been degraded, and he also took the initiative to put on a resignation recital, I have to say that Fan Zhongyan also had the intention of testing Renzong to see if he still had weight in the emperor's heart; however, this time, the temptation was like a pit by the chancellor. For Renzong, Fan Zhongyun's upright conduct made the emperor himself very admirable, and now Fan Zhongyun pretended to resign, making Renzong feel that he was no longer the Fan Zhongyun he had known before, and he couldn't help but be disappointed, and it was inevitable that he would have a dislike for Fan Zhongyan.