Antibiotics can help prevent intestinal inflammation, anticoccidials, growth promotion, anti-diarrhea, etc., antibiotic abuse led to the production of superbugs, resulting in bacterial resistance, the current global countries have begun to advocate reduced resistance, substitution, anti-resistance, anti-resistance, but now animal feed will add antibiotics, China stipulates that from January 1, 2020, withdraw from all growth promotion drug feed additive varieties except traditional Chinese medicine, so it is important to find "substitute" products, and now common "substitute" products are enzyme preparations, acidulants, acidulants, Microecological preparations, plant extracts, etc., of which feed enzyme preparations have an irreplaceable effect in promoting growth and other substitute products.
Feed enzyme preparation is a kind of feed additive, added to the animal diet, not only can improve the digestion and absorption of nutrients, reduce the level of anti-nutritional factors, but also through the metabolism of nutrients to produce enzymes that have special functional components for animals. The main types of enzyme preparations are degradation enzymes, hydrolases, decomposition enzymes, monoenzymes, and complex enzymes. Degrading enzymes account for the majority of enzyme preparations, mainly the degradation of macromolecular nutrients (proteins, fats and starches) into small molecule substances (small molecule peptides, amino acids, fatty acids, glucose, etc.) for animal digestion and absorption, or the degradation of anti-nutritional substances into substances without anti-nutritional properties.
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Feed enzyme preparations can be roughly divided into two categories: digestive enzymes and non-digestive enzymes, and usually play a role in nutrition. There are mainly the following 4 functions:
1. Destroy the cell wall of the plant and improve the digestibility of feed nutrients. Because some animals themselves can not secrete cellulase (mostly animal secretion), cellulase, xylanase, β-dextranase and pectinase, and the enzyme preparation produced by industrial fermentation contains these enzymes, which can fully release the nutrients in the plant feed and improve the digestibility and value of the feed.
2. Supplement the deficiency of enzymes in the body of animals and improve feed digestion. Young animals (e.g., weaned piglets or chicks) or animals are under stress (weaning, feeding, high temperatures, etc.) and pathological conditions, and the amount of enzymes secreted is insufficient. At this time, the addition of a certain amount of feed enzyme preparations can supplement the deficiency of enzymes, such as pancreatic enzymes and neutral proteases, to improve the digestion and absorption efficiency of feed.
3. Reduce the reproduction of harmful microorganisms in the intestine after livestock and poultry, and the nutrients that have not been digested and absorbed will ferment into the large intestine, promote the reproduction of harmful microorganisms, produce toxins, inhibit animal growth, and reduce growth performance. For example, the addition of glucose oxidase can promote the oxidation of glucose in the intestine to generate gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide by catalytic action, significantly improve the daily weight gain of weaned piglets, promote the digestibility of nutrients and feed conversion efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency, and synthesize nutrients in the body, thereby improving the production performance of weaned piglets and giving full play to the growth performance of piglets.
4. Reduce the viscosity of intestinal chyrus and improve the nutritional value of feed. The addition of some hydrolyzable non-starch polysaccharide (SNSP) enzymes to the diet, such as arabinoslanase, β-dextranase and other NSPase can relieve the non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) on the diffusion of nutrients and endogenous digestive enzymes, and produce small molecular weight polysaccharide fragments, reducing the chyme viscosity caused by SNSP.
The use of enzyme preparations plays a role in the process of reducing antibody, replacing resistance and inhibiting resistance, whether the setting of basic nutrition is reasonable, whether the quality control and quality stability of raw materials can be guaranteed, whether the processing process of feed can promote the effective curing of nutrients, and whether the environment of the breeding site takes into account animal welfare, which will affect the final effect. Therefore, reducing resistance, replacing resistance, and prohibiting resistance is a comprehensive project.