Looking back on his life, Ginsburg describes the important work of his career as a kindergarten teacher. Through case after case, she patiently and repeatedly asked the male justices of the Supreme Court and people outside the courtroom to open their eyes and walk through obscurity to see and empathize with the living conditions of women as second-class citizens.
Wen | An Xiaoqing
Intern | An yu
Edited | Jintang
Ms. Ruth Bad Ginsburg is less than 153 cm tall and weighs just over 45 kg. In the group photo, she is always the thinnest one. On the bench of the U.S. Supreme Court, she is the only justice who sits with her head below the top of the leather chair.
In the eyes of Jeffrey Tughbin, a longtime observer and recorder of the U.S. Supreme Court, Ginsburg's astonishing ability lies in submerging himself into the crowd. She's short and slender... Looks more like a little bird.
One winter, a snowstorm in New York. The Supreme Court sent jeeps to pick up nine justices for work. In the early morning, the streets were covered in thick snow, and the driver had to hold aloft the delicate justice, who was wearing white lace gloves, and carefully put her into the car.
In public, Ginsburg always had her eyes downcast before she spoke, with a humble and even shy smile on her face. Yet this slender, small-voiced woman devoted her life to and participated in the world's longest and most difficult revolution:
She witnessed, supported, and helped constitutionalize one of the most intense and unappreciated revolutions in modern American history, the Women's Liberation Movement. (New York Times obituary)
Ginsburg is the second female justice ever made by the U.S. Supreme Court. Not only did she break the spell that no one would remember who the second place was, but she also became an extremely rare cultural icon, superhero and Super Diva for the younger generation in the ninth decade of her life. Everyone wanted to take a picture with me, the old woman. In her twilight years, she radically rewrote the public stereotype of older women.
As a pioneer advocate of the modern women's rights movement in the United States, Ginsburg, a group of scholars, teachers, lawyers, and judges, has greatly changed the living conditions of American women. The current Justice, Elena Kagan, had commented on Ginsburg a few years ago that she was more credited to letting American law treat women fairly than anyone else.
Ginsburg's life, through World War II, the Great Depression, fourteen U.S. presidents, suffered from four cancers, a heart surgery, and broke three ribs. Her later years coincided with a time when the balance of the U.S. Supreme Court was constantly tipping to the right, and she continued to emit harsh dissent and quiet roars with a low, faint voice.
This strong contrast and resounding opposition, like Ginsburg's previous warrior-like vanguard career, demonstrate the power of dissent and action, and become a comforting and encouraging voice in an increasingly divided, sinking, turbulent world— a beacon that remains bright despite its old age.
That's why, three weeks ago, the lightshelf went out, shaking the world. Due to complications from pancreatic cancer, Ginsburg died on September 19 at her home in Washington. He died on December 31, 2012 at the age of 8
Old enemy Trump learned of Ginsburg's death from reporters at the scene after a campaign meeting that night. He hesitated for a moment and sighed:
Whether you agree or not, she is an amazing woman, she has lived an amazing life...
A White House statement released two days later read: "RBG (short for Ruth Bader Ginsburg) is known for its brilliant mind and strong objections to the Supreme Court... She is a fighter.
Hillary lamented that Justice Ginsburg had paved the way for many women, including me, and there would never be anyone like her again.
In her eulogy, Obama also refers to RBG as a warrior for gender equality: She helps us recognize that gender-based biases not only harm women, but affect everyone.
Democratic presidential candidate Biden said she was a hero in the United States and a giant in the legal world. Apple CEO Tim Cook believes she changed the course of American history. Bill Gates saw her as a trailblazer, and America was better off because of her service.
Madonna, who, like RBG, became a symbol of American culture, wrote in her eulogy that this fearless woman did more for all women and for this country than most people knew. She could never be replaced.
Marilyn Johnson, author of "Obituary Before Heaven" and an American writer who has written obituary for many well-known people, once said that the meaning of the obituary and its beauty lie in the feats it has made—it tells us: there is another one, the only one, there is only one person like this, and this is the end of a long chain of DNA that continues to this day. When a different person leaves, we have to know our loss as quickly as possible.
On September 19, 2020, local time, a large number of American people held a rally in Washington, D.C., to mourn Justice Ginsburg.
RBG born in 1933
Standing at the end of the long DNA chain of life, looking back at Ginsburg's irreplaceable life, it is not a typical heroic journey or the story of Disney princesses waking up and doing their own. The story does not have a dramatization of bottoming out, there is no linear rise of excitement, and there is a polyphonic narrative, roundabout temptation and long effort brought about by life and history and culture.
If "Kim Ji-young Born in 1982" tells the story of one of the most ordinary and average East Asian women, in life, all kinds of natural and air-like discrimination. The life of RBG, born in 1933, can also be seen as the life path that an ordinary American woman has struggled to take in the past century.
Ginsburg was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1933 to a family of Jewish fur traders. A year before she was born, American woman Amelia Earhart accomplished a feat that surprised the world.
This heroic adventurer, who flew over the Atlantic Ocean in 1932 with a single-man plane, became the second person to fly across the ocean without landing, interpreting to the world a new image of women. Prior to this, Earhart had become the only and first female passenger on the first transoceanic flight in 1928 for his good image.
The title of the first female passenger embarrassed her. She felt like a bag of potatoes on an airplane. To prove that women are not ornaments and that women can fly airplanes across oceans, Earhart spent three years learning to fly, and finally proved himself and his gender four years later.
Ginsburg was born at the beginning of such a great change.
Physical-scale heavy oceans are easy to cross. The conceptual gulf formed by the long accumulation of history and the solid gender depression is deeper and stronger than the ocean. Born in 1933, RBG's life is to face and cross such a heavy ocean.
In the Great Depression-era United States, parents generally expected their children's careers to be sons to become doctors or lawyers, and their daughters to marry doctors or lawyers. Ginsburg's parents were no exception.
It's just that the family has no sons and has always lived in the shadow of disease. When Ginsburg was two years old, her sister died of meningitis. She became the only daughter in the family. When she was 14 years old, her mother was diagnosed with cervical cancer. Ginsburg always finished his homework in the ward.
Mother liked to take her to the library. Her favorite story is "Detective Nancy." Because Nancy takes risks and understands what she wants.
That was something that Ginsburg couldn't do at the time. Once, she saw a sign in front of a small inn in Pennsylvania. The sign reads that dogs and Jews are not allowed. The survival experience of the minority began to affect her understanding of the world from then on.
In 1950, just one day before Ginsburg's high school graduation ceremony, her mother Celia died of illness. He is only 47 years old. At her mother's funeral, Ginsburg felt for the first time what it was like to be a second-class citizen.
Grieving women crowded into Ginsburg's home, but funerals were delayed because there were not enough men. It turns out that in Jewish law, women do not count when calculating quorums. Ginsburg, who is an immediate family member, also does not count.
In such an environment, Ginsburg always remembered the qualities her mother wanted her to acquire, one to be a lady and the other to remain independent. The mother who died prematurely is also giving her daughter strength in her own way.
Ginsburg as a young man
Before her death, she saved eight thousand dollars for her daughter to attend college. Ginsburg won the scholarship with honors, but what her mother did made her feel as valued as a boy.
In the fall of 1950, Ginsburg entered Cornell University. It was one of only two universities at the time to admit a small number of female students. At that time, she recalled, girls were generally smarter than boys, but they were reluctant to show it.
In college, Ginsburg fell in love with her future husband, Martin. In 1954, the two married after graduating from college. After her marriage, she was sent with Martin to a U.S. military camp in Oklahoma for two years.
Ginsburg took the local government civil service exam. According to the hierarchy, she was in the fifth class, but when she inadvertently told the Social Security Agency that she was three months pregnant, the other party relegated her to the lowest level of second-class clerks. She cannot attend civil service training and is required to resign before giving birth.
This is the first time after leaving college that Ginsburg has felt the structural discrimination and obstruction of women in the whole society.
At that time, beauvoir's "The Second Sex" was published in the United States. This book, hailed as the bible of feminism, reveals that women are not born to be women, but are acquired... It was the entire civilization system that created this intermediary creature between a man and a eunuch, and she was called a woman.
A few years later, lawyer Ginsburg repeatedly quoted the sentence "Second Sex" in his defense. But at the time, she was silent and docile. Also in the 1950s, Betty Friedan, who was later hailed as the second wave of women's liberation movement in the United States for publishing The Feminine Mystery, lost her job as a journalist due to pregnancy, like Ginsburg. Sandra Day O'Connor, who later became the first female justice in U.S. history, also happened in 1952 that no law firm was willing to hire her because of her gender.
Discrimination, like volcanic ash, falls on every woman on average.
In 1956, Ginsburg decided to go to law school again, and she was admitted to Harvard. Of the more than 500 students in that class, she was one of only nine girls. There are no women in the teachers.
What was it like to be one of only 9 female students? Ginsburg once recalled in the documentary that you often feel that you are very conspicuous in the class, and when you are named in class, you will worry that if you do not perform well, you will lose not only your own face, but also the face of all women, and you will often feel uncomfortable because of the eyes projected at you around you.
For those who controlled the doors of institutions of higher learning at that time, the admission of female students was a great favor and charity for women, and a sacrifice and surrender for men and the history and tradition they represented.
Ginsburg always remembers the ubiquitous discrimination in the name of protection and preference. A Harvard Law School faculty member once said that we want to admit some unusual people. For example, you can play the double bass, which is a plus. You're a woman, and that's a plus.
In college, she and the other girls were like rare animals in a zoo. Some professors will also deliberately choose a few days as girls' day, and only girls will be ordered to answer some difficult questions.
In the first year of school, Elvin Grieswald, dean of Harvard Law School, invited nine girls to dinner. He asked the famous question: How can it be reasonably explained that you occupy a law school seat that is supposed to belong to men?
When it was Ginsburg's turn, she nervously brought the ashtray to the ground. I want to know more about what my husband does so that I can better understand him and be a good wife who understands him. She answered.
She maintained her usual tame. But with her outstanding grades, she successfully became the editor of the Harvard Law Review. This is the greatest recognition of her academic abilities. In an old photo of the newsroom, she and another girl were separated from each other, like two nails that were much shorter, nailed to the ends of the crowd, next to the tall white boys.
Harvard implements a strict gender-specific system. There is only one women's restroom in the whole school, which is located in the basement of a teaching building. It was a disgrace that girls were not allowed in the library reading room.
The teaching building where the law school holds final exams does not have a women's restroom. Before the first-grade exam, a pregnant female classmate told the boys in her class that she would use the men's restroom during the exam, whether they agreed or disagreed. This may be the earliest operation to occupy the men's restroom.
But there is not much such resistance. In 1958, her husband, Martin, found a lucrative job as a tax attorney in a New York law firm. For the sake of the family, Ginsburg transferred to Columbia Law School.
The atmosphere here is no different from Harvard. A girl answered a question and said, I think ——, Professor immediately interrupted her, Miss Gober, women feel, men are thinking.
These clouds of injustice are projected one by one in Ginsburg's heart. No one knows if they'll brew a storm.
In 1959, Ginsburg graduated from Columbia Law School with a tie for first place in the class. No law firm in New York was willing to give this wonderful girl a chance.
Job postings say that only men are hired. She realized that she had three labels that were not welcomed by mainstream society, including law firms: women; mothers; and Jews.
The year before that, Ginsburg interned at a district court. A judge said in the same car, this young lady, I am not optimistic about you. I was like air, decades later she recalled scenes inside the car.
The year Columbia graduated, Ginsburg was 26 years old. In the community, family, education, employment, pregnancy, these life sectors, because of gender, she encounters obstacles everywhere.
In the end, it was an unusually tough constitutional law professor at Columbia University who found a job for the best students. The professor assured a judge that if Ginsburg was incompetent, he would find him another boy. But he also threatened to give Ginsburg a chance, then never again recommending a judge's assistant for him.
After three years as a judge's assistant, Ginsburg was hired to teach at Rutgers Law School in New Jersey in 1963. The college refused to pay her the same salary as other male professors.
In addition to her, the school has another female professor. A local newspaper interviewed them on this ground. The article begins by describing them as slim and attractive.
During that time, her youngest son James's teacher often called her to complain that James had caused trouble again in elementary school. One day, James sneaked into an unattended elevator. The school once again called her mother, Ginsburg.
Ginsburg was furious that the child had two parents, and she solemnly advised the teacher to be sure to call her and the child's father evenly, not always to the mother. Since then, she has rarely received phone calls. But the teachers didn't call Martin, because in their opinion, Martin was busier and more famous.
While teaching at Rutgers College, Ginsburg began working as a volunteer attorney for the New Jersey division of the American Civil Rights League. In 1964, the passage of the Civil Rights Act legally ended racial segregation and discrimination. Inspired by the atmosphere of the times, a large number of women wrote letters to share their pain and confusion.
Ginsburg was responsible for reading all the letters.
One letter said that the company did not allow female employees to add their families to health insurance because the company tacitly accepted that only married men had dependents; a letter said that female students were not allowed to attend the Princeton University Engineers' Summer Camp; and a letter said that the post office did not allow female employees to wear male postman hats, and male post hats could block the sun...
There are many more letters that remind Ginsburg of her past. Female teachers said that once they were revealed to be pregnant, they were forced to leave their posts; a female soldier was discharged after becoming pregnant.
Ginsburg read all the letters carefully. This was already the early 1960s. Her students began taking to the streets to fight for their rights. Ginsburg was inspired by them, and she admired them from the bottom of her heart.
The discrimination did not stop, but she was no longer patient and silent.
In 1970, Ginsburg opened the first law course on women at an American college. This was the beginning of the battle in the Kingsberg format. The first target she fought back was a discount exclusively for the ladies on her salary. She filed a class-action lawsuit with other female professors. They won.
In 1972, Ginsburg became the first female professor at Columbia University to hold a tenured faculty position. When she first started, she heard that female employees had no maternity insurance and that their pensions and salaries were lower than those of their male colleagues. She once again helped all female faculty and staff file class-action lawsuits.
In 1980, Ginsburg began his career as a scholar and lawyer to a judge. She was nominated by President Carter as a judge on the Federal Court of Appeals, but the new title still exposes her to discrimination.
When she and her husband, Martin, attend social events, whenever the host introduces Judge Ginsburg, they always reach out to Martin. At the 20th anniversary of Harvard Law School's graduation, someone proposed that all the students in this class take a group photo with their wives. Ginsburg asked, what do you mean by "with your wife"?
Ginsburg also wrote to the New York Bar Association that the term brethren should not continue to be used given the increasing number of women involved in the legal profession.
In 1993, President Clinton nominated Ginsburg to the U.S. Supreme Court. Even at the pinnacle of power in the field of law, Ginsburg as a woman still faces air-like discrimination.
There is no women's restroom in the bench of the Supreme Court judges. In court, although she and the first female Justice, O'Connor, are completely different in height, appearance, hair color, and voice, many men have confused their names. These include a law school professor and a federal deputy attorney general.
Even in the 21st century, sexism in the Supreme Court workplace has not disappeared. A few years ago, when Irene Carmon, one of the authors of the biography "Moments of Dissent," asked her if she would still experience sexism, Ginsburg was quick to respond: Yes.
I don't remember how many times I've been to such meetings, and when I said something, I thought I made it very clear, but there was no reaction. But when a man says the same thing as I do, people say, 'Great idea.'
Back in 1993, the afternoon of the nomination of the Justice, Clinton had this to say about Ginsburg:
The discrimination she experienced firsthand has led her to fight discrimination continuously throughout the two decades of her career, striving to make the United States a more friendly country for our wives, sisters, and daughters.
Also in 1993, after Ginsburg was nominated to be a justice, someone sent her a fax. Faxed above, one of her old classmates said at a charity meeting that the boys in the Harvard Law School class had given Ginsburg a nickname, Bitch.
Whether this nickname points to Ginsburg's life surrounded by discrimination, it is intended to flaunt the extraordinary wisdom and toughness embodied in his life — from being ignored, ridiculed, differentiated, rejected, to fight all the way to become a U.S. Supreme Court justice, Ginsburg said, being called bitch, is better than being called a coward.
It's quite an amazing job
One afternoon in January 1973, Ginsburg was very nervous. Worried about vomiting in public due to nervousness, she deliberately did not eat lunch.
In the afternoon, she will participate in the debate at the Supreme Court for the first time as a defense attorney. Her client was an Air Force female soldier. She found that her male colleagues were entitled to housing security benefits as long as they were married, and that she was unable to give her family members access to this benefit because of their gender. When she fought for her rights, the finance department told her that you were lucky enough to have the opportunity to join the army.
Ginsburg was all too familiar with such stories, and she had read a large number of similar letters. But that day, she was no longer a bystander to the story and an analyst on the university podium. She put on the brooch and earrings her mother had left her and went to the country's Supreme Court. She tried to fight discrimination and injustice in a new way.
The nine male justices sitting in a row made her a little frightened. The trembling voice of her as she spoke was recorded in the courtroom recordings of the time. But about two minutes after the debate began, the sense of fear vanished. She realized that there was an audience waiting for her to go captive. They are one of the most powerful people in the country. A force led her up.
Ginsburg was prepared. In her defense, she combed through the history and manner in which women have been treated in the United States since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and accurately explained to the judges the survival experience of women as second-class citizens.
Fate is a magical screenwriter. That day, Ginsburg's opponent was the federal government. The lawyer in charge of defending the federal government was Owen Grieswold, the dean of Harvard Law School who questioned the nine girls at the party how they could occupy the law school degrees that belonged to the boys.
From meekly answering Law School to learning about the work of lawyer husbands, to standing on the Supreme Court fighting for the rights of women in the military, Ginsburg spent 16 years. This is clearly not a story of a sudden awakening and Jedi Strike Back. Over the course of time, a warrior has gone through repeated thoughts, trials, and choices.
In his defense, Ginsburg sought to get justices to open their eyes to see that gender-based discrimination is widespread. The debate concluded with a statement made in 1837 by sarah Grimk, a prominent abolitionist and suffragist: "I do not ask for extra preferential treatment on the grounds of gender, all I ask for is for men to remove their stinky feet from our necks."
In the end, Ginsburg made his debut on the Supreme Court, winning with seven justices voting to overturn government policies.
From 1971 to 1980, as lead attorney for the Civil Rights League's Feminist Program, Ginsburg filed a total of six lawsuits on the Supreme Court, winning five of them. Through those landmark cases, she changed the constitutional status of American women from top to bottom in a legal way.
And when did Ginsburg's own change begin?
She repeatedly mentioned the Swedish experience in the summer of 1962. To complete a legal comparison project, she spent some time in Sweden. At that time, feminist ideas flourished in northern Europe. The Government began to establish parental leave for men. In one magazine, a reporter asked on behalf of a number of Swedish women:
Why do women have to juggle both family and workplace jobs, while men only need to do the same job in the workplace? ...... Both men and women have only one main responsibility, and that is to be a human being.
Sweden is at the forefront of the world, and Ginsburg happened to witness the wave there. Around the same time, Betty Friedan's The Mystery of women was published in 1963. This feminist classic punctures the illusion of a beautiful suburban family advocated by mainstream American society, and shows the cries and unwillingness of desperate housewives under the suppression of wives and motherhood. From then on, people could no longer turn a blind eye to women's voices other than husbands, children, and families, and I wanted anything else.
The wind of change blows. At this time, Ginsburg and the students who took to the streets, as well as the theoreticians and activists represented by Betty Friedan, started from different positions and joined the same long revolution.
But to find that first seed, you may have to go back to when Ginsburg was in college. It was 1950, and she became a research assistant to Robert Kushman, a professor of political science at Cornell University. At the time, Professor Kushman was actively involved in anti-McCarthyism. Ginsburg saw that at critical moments, there are always brave lawyers who stand up to protect people.
Lawyers can not only make a living, but also make society better through their roles, which 17-year-old Ginsburg feels is a pretty remarkable job.
His work as a lawyer from 1971 to 1980 led to the strongest pedestal in Ginsburg's mythology. From the choice of the first case, she used great wisdom beyond her peers and the times to construct her own fighting style.
In the view of The Supreme Court's most senior running reporter, Tubbin, Ginsburg never acted radically, she used strategy well... She is not Betty Friedan, and her strength lies not in creating new rules and methods, but in her familiarity with constitutional principles.
Women are also part of the people. Ginsburg firmly believes this. She sought to extend the equality protected and promised by the U.S. Constitution to other vulnerable groups beyond blacks, and to get the Supreme Court to treat gender issues as strictly as it did race.
For this reason, Ginsburg is often referred to as thurgood Marshall of the feminist movement. Marshall was the first black justice and civil rights leader in U.S. Supreme Court history. The Brown v. Board of Education case, which he overtook and won, led directly to the abolition of apartheid laws in the United States.
His path of action greatly influenced Ginsburg.
In 1971, Ginsburg filed his first pleadings with the Supreme Court in Reed v. Reed, but did not appear as a lawyer. The facts of the case are simple and ancient. A grieving mother, after her son committed suicide, was ruled by law not to deal with her deceased son's inheritance. Because she's female. Women are inherently poor at math and are not good at dealing with such matters.
Ginsburg and her partners won the lawsuit, and Idaho's law was ruled by the Supreme Court to violate equal protections. For the first time in the history of the U.S. Supreme Court, a law that discriminates against citizens based on sex is repealed.
In this seemingly ordinary family affair, Ginsburg, who did not appear in court, mobilized her years of education to write a defense, pointing out to the point:
The biological differences between men and women have nothing to do with the ability to deal with inheritance... A person should not be disadvantaged in the law because of their physical characteristics ... Laws that prevent women from participating fully in politics, business, and the economy are often portrayed as "protecting women" or thinking about women. But the same law used to qualify minorities would be found unfair and illegal. Women seem to be carefully cared for on a high platform, but under close inspection, they are locked in a cage disguised as a high platform.
The 88-page summary she submitted for the case became one of the most classic and most cited in U.S. legal history. Over the years, women's rights lawyers and even many justices of the Supreme Court have cited and used it as precedent.
From this case onwards, the metaphor of what appears to be a gilded cage is often seen in Ginsburg's pens and speeches. She said that no matter how well the cage protection performance is, it is still a cage. No woman has benefited today because of the special protections of the past.
In Ginsburg's 5/6 victory, there were two other very typical gilded cage cases – Edwards v. Healy in 1975 and Durham v. Missouri in 1979.
Both of the cases brought to the Supreme Court are related to an old verdict. In 1961, the Supreme Court ruled that U.S. male citizens must fulfill their juror duties, while women can choose whether or not to, because women remain the center of family life.
Supreme Court Justice Bradley wrote in his approval letter at the time that the most important mission of women is to be gentle wives and selfless mothers. This is the law prescribed by the Creator.
In the mid-1970s, Ginsburg aimed the gun at the law. She is passionate about such cases. This is still an attempt to exclude women from public life in a caring way.
Both of Ginsburg's snipings were successful.
In the complaint before the Supreme Court, in response to Justice Bradley's claim that Justice Bradley's so-called gentle wife and selfless mother were creators 20 years ago, Ginsburg wrote: "The way the Creator communicated with Justice Bradley at that time is still unknown.
In the 1979 case of Durham v. Missouri, Ginsburg also won. But in the oral arguments in the case, Chief Justice Lenquist mocked Ginsburg in court: Even if the head of Susan Anthony (a pioneer of American feminists who fought for women's suffrage) was printed on the $1 bill, wouldn't you?
Ginsburg remained silent for the time being. She remembered her mother's teaching to her that anger was not conducive to the resolution of the incident.
Subsequently, Ginsburg moved the focus from voting power to pregnancy discrimination. From 1971 to 1980, Ginsburg and her partners brought four cases involving pregnant women's rights to the Supreme Court.
Of the four cases, the most famous is air force nurse Skolak v. Secretary of Defense. After The female soldier Skrak became pregnant, the Air Force gave her two options: either to have an abortion or to resign. In his defense, Ginsburg wrote that of the various obstacles to women's pursuit of equal rights, discrimination due to women's unique fertility is borne first.
Procreation is seen as a sacred task for women when needed; when it is not needed, it is seen as trouble and punishment. Ginsburg debunks this contradiction and injustice. The cases she represented directly promoted the protection of women's reproductive rights in the workplace. In October 1978, the U.S. Congress passed the Pregnancy Discrimination Act.
Of all the cases she defended in the '70s, Ginsburg herself favored and best reflected her wisdom as a feminist lawyer was the famous widower rights case, Weinberg v. Wiesenfeld in 1975.
In 1972, Wiesenfeld's wife died in labor caused by amniotic fluid embolism. He became a single father who cared for his children full-time. When he went to the Social Security Board to apply for a social security payment for a single parent, he was told that the benefit was called compensation for his mother.
He wrote a letter to the editor of the local newspaper: "You have heard many stories of women's liberation, now come and listen to mine."
A colleague told Ginsburg the story. At the right moment, history sent Ginsburg, an extremely perky hunter, an agent who could not have been more perfect.
Her wisdom beyond her time and peers is directly revealed in her defense: The current law reflects a gender stereotype that has long existed in American history. It only protects children who have lost their fathers, but not children who have lost their mothers...
January 20, 1975, Court Appearance Day. Ginsburg deliberately asked Weissenfeld to sit with her. She wanted a male face to appear before the justices and show them how gender-based discrimination hurt everyone.
Widower eventually won Social Security. This famous lawsuit perfectly fulfilled Ginsburg's enlightenment intentions for the public and even the Supreme Court. Since then, social security institutions have no longer distinguished the rights of survivors by sex. Old notions such as the fact that women were born into the motherhood of the family were a creator rule were further loosened after that.
Ginsburg was on the car radio on his way to work, knowing he had won the lawsuit. She controlled her excitement, otherwise she would be in a car accident. When she walked to the law school corridor, the students who helped her with the lawsuit hugged her tightly.
However, the choice to defend male agents, both at the time and in later careers, brought Ginsburg a lot of criticism and controversy. Some feminist alliance partners are confused and even angry. But Ginsburg was very determined. During that time, she represented three widower rights cases, winning two of them.
It wasn't until many years later that people discovered what a genius it was for Ginsburg to bring a men's case to the Supreme Court, which sat with nine male justices. What is even more historical, however, is that at that time, when faced with The choice of full-time childcare in Westenfeld, some male justices were puzzled and even angry – why did he act like a woman? Why does he look like a housewife?
These have reinforced Ginsburg's conviction that if women want to be equal, men must also be liberated from stereotypical gender expectations and shaping.
A pioneer who is different from traditional family life
Widower Wiesenfeld, one of Ginsburg's favorite customers, did not.
The full-time father, who was still very rare at the time, and the future Supreme Court Justice Ginsburg maintained a lifetime of correspondence. When Wiesenfeld's son, Jason, grew up, Ginsburg helped him get into law school and flew to Florida in 1998 to officiate at his wedding.
At the most important point of Ginsburg's career, in 1993, at the Senate hearing after the nomination of the justice, Wiesenfeld also testified as a former client and close friend. In testimony, Wiesenfeld said:
My wife and I, like the Ginsburgs, were trailblazers who were different from the traditional family way of life.
The married life of Ginsburg and Martin is not a majoritarian practice even today. In marriage, Ginsburg said she would not be treated as a second-class citizen and would never lose her independence and individuality.
They met in the early 1950s. Martin was a very rare type of male in that generation.
When he met at the age of 18, he was convinced that a woman, whether a housewife or a working woman, was as important as men's work. And, of course, the comment she often mentioned in the years that followed: he was the only boy who cared about my brain at the time.
At that time, girls often hid their intelligence, but getting along with Martin made her very comfortable. He never despised her, and he never saw her as a threat.
In their early twenties, the two began their heterosexual marriage and family life early. After the birth of his first child, Martin began to share the housework and childcare. When his daughter Jane was a baby, he was also fully responsible for getting up at two o'clock in the morning to feed Jane.
In the two years after he developed testicular cancer, it was Ginsburg's turn to take on both of their academic progress and childcare. After recovering from his illness, Martin found a job as a tax lawyer in New York. Ginsburg followed him and transferred to New York.
But when Ginsburg was appointed a judge of the Circuit Court of Appeals by President Carter in 1980, Martin, like his wife had done before, gave up his job in New York and moved with her to Washington.
It was hard for colleagues and friends at the time to imagine that a husband would abandon the lucrative job of a tax lawyer and move to Washington with his wife.
This is not an unspeakable thing for Martin. He often joked that he had moved to Washington because his wife had a good job. He also often jokingly described himself as a lucky man who hitched a ride in life.
He said it wasn't sacrifice, it was the meaning of family. In Ginsburg's view, this is a neutral family model. Under this neutral policy, couples can create new family traditions on their own initiative to reach their full potential as human beings, while removing meaningless restrictions on men or women.
Jane, a daughter who grew up in a neutral family, once gleefully said in an interview with the media that in a home with a balanced division of household chores, the father was responsible for cooking and the mother was responsible for thinking about what to eat.
Martin is humorous, flabby, and playful. In front of him, Ginsburg was able to show himself fully. An adjudicator once saw Ginsburg frolicking around his desk with scissors and chasing Martin.
After 13 years as a circuit justice, it was because of Martin's vigorous lobbying behind the scenes that Ginsburg was named a Supreme Court justice. Otherwise, with Ginsburg's low-key personality, she would not have been able to achieve her dreams.
In fact, she was in her early 60s at the time, not at the top of Clinton's list of considerations. Martin mobilized hundreds of friends to lobby people in Congress or the White House. He wanted to make sure Clinton knew that there was a prominent former feminist lawyer in Washington, D.C., who could serve as a justice.
In his eyes, his wife was a respectable giant of the legal profession. If she hadn't been seriously considered for the candidate, he would have found it an insult.
In his book about the Supreme Court, Tubbin used the word fragile to describe Ginsburg. At one point, Martin asked him in person: How many push-ups can you do? While Tubbin was still thinking, Martin shot back: "My wife can do 25, and you actually describe her as fragile."
Ginsburg was lucky. In that era, she and Martin worked together to explore and broaden the multiple scripts of heterosexual married life. She also extends Martin's admiration to all those who try to rebel against the expectations of traditional gender roles. During his career as a judge, one of Ginsburg's favorite clerks was David Post.
Post caught her attention when he applied. In his resume, there is a column with an asterisk. That was the two years he spent at home as a full-time father in the '80s. At that time, his wife was working at the World Bank and often had to travel on business. Post was at home during the day with his baby and went to law school at night for night school.
This experience of playing the asterisk made Ginsburg notice him.
In the spring of 1986, Post became Ginsburg's judge's assistant. At that time, his daughter was four years old and his son had just been born. Ginsburg allowed him to occasionally leave work early to pick up the children at the nursery. She was very happy to see this situation. Parenting does not detract from masculinity or affect careers.
In 1993, after taking office on the Supreme Court, she invited Post to serve as a judge's assistant. In the Supreme Court's internal publication, Ginsburg explained his euphoria this way: This is what I think the world should be. Only when fathers take equal responsibility in the upbringing of their children can women be truly liberated.
And for his life partner Martin, Ginsburg commented: Martin has always been my best friend. This is perhaps the highest compliment to a partner.
In June 2010, Martin's cancer cells metastasized. Before his last hospitalization, he wrote a letter to Ginsburg on yellow letterhead: My dearest Ruth, you are the only person I have ever loved in my life... I am really happy to witness you step by step to the top of the legal world...
Ginsburg and Martin
Sisters in law
On the first Monday in October 1993, Ginsburg came to the pinnacle of the legal world, the U.S. Supreme Court. It was the beginning of her 27-year career as a justice. The position and line of sight she sat in was different from when she was a lawyer.
When the abolitionist and feminist Sarah Grimké was invited to sit in the judge's seat during a visit in 1853, Grimkhai exclaimed: Who knows, maybe one day there will be women in this position. Everyone laughed.
It wasn't until 1981 that Grimkai's wild fantasies became a reality. Sandra Day O'Connor, then 51, was appointed the first female justice in U.S. history. Twelve years later, she welcomed a second female Justice, Ginsburg, with open arms on the Supreme Court.
They're really different. One is a Republican and one is a Democrat. O'Connor is the daughter of the Vast West. She would change car tires and call herself Cowgirl. Ginsburg must go out with lace gloves and a copy of the U.S. Constitution in his bag.
Once, O'Connor participated in a western expedition. A group of people and cars were blocked by deep ditches for several hours. She wanted to go to the toilet and climbed out of the carriage herself. Years later, a staff member said, I'll never forget that day, a U.S. Supreme Court justice squatted behind a bush.
The arrival of Ginsburg has accelerated the construction of the Supreme Court women's restroom. For 12 years before that, O'Connor had to run back to his office if he wanted to go to the bathroom. Because there is only a men's restroom in the judge's locker room.
In 1993, with their joint efforts, a women's toilet was added to the dressing room. In Ginsburg's view, this change is a sign that female justices will always be there in the Supreme Court.
In 1996, in her third year at the Supreme Court, Ginsburg was confronted with the first women's rights case heard as a justice, the famous Virginia Military Academy case. The historic military academy was sued for violating the law's equal protection by its all-male admissions policy.
Then Chief Justice Lenquist appointed O'Connor to write the court opinion. But O'Connor refused. She knew that the justice best qualified to write the majority opinion was Ginsburg.
Throughout the '70s, it was Ginsburg, a lawyer, who pushed the Supreme Court, which was predominantly of older white men, to push case after case, and began to melt the ice of sexism. Now, the historic court opinion of the Virginia Military Academy is certainly not Ginsburg.
Like an echo in the valley, Ginsburg cited an opinion written by Justice O'Connor in 1982 when he tried the Mississippi State School of Nursing case.
That was the sexism case O'Connor had encountered just a few weeks after he took office. Mississippi State School of Nursing, the oldest girls' school in the United States, was accused of refusing to admit boys. O'Connor, a newcomer to the Supreme Court, cast a crucial fifth vote. The school lost.
In a majority letter, O'Connor advised schools not to continue with stereotypical occupational segmentation. She also specifically cited data from the American Nurses Association. The data show that one of the serious consequences of excluding men from the nursing profession is that the treatment of all nurses has been depressed for many years.
In particular, O'Connor cites in his opinion the first case Ginsburg defended on the Supreme Court as a lawyer, Reid v. Reed. O'Connor wants to remind everyone that protective policies like all-female colleges continue to exacerbate the stereotype of nurses = women, and also keep men who are truly interested in nursing careers out of their ideals.
Fifteen years after the all-female nursing school's verdict, an almost symmetrical case at the all-male military academy has come before the two justices.
On the day of the verdict, Ginsburg, who was usually reserved and introverted, paused deliberately when she read the part of the opinion that referred to O'Connor's case—she looked away from the opinion and looked at Justice O'Connor.
After 15 years, the two justices, who came to be known as Sisters in law, paid tribute to each other's efforts to achieve equal rights.
The legal sisters of the Supreme Court have an age difference of three years. They were the first generation of American women to enter the top echelons of the legal profession. Like Ginsburg, O'Connor's career began with difficulties. The shared experience gave them a strong bond. This connection transcends the partisan and political spectrum. Ginsburg also called O'Connor the ideal sister anyone wants to have.
In the Supreme Court, they perform their respective duties. O'Connor is the defensive role, and she won't allow the Supreme Court to clearly reverse the road to gender equality. Shy and mild-mannered, Ginsburg assumed the role of an attacker.
When the Supreme Court of that period was clearly divided between 4 conservative and 4 liberal judges, O'Connor became the key 5th vote that each side tried to win over. As the most important swing judge, O'Connor has always preferred a liberal vote in cases involving women's rights than in other fields.
After the Virginia Military Academy case, they heard together nearly 20 cases involving women's rights. Most of these cases received 6 votes or more. Smooth data and results are hard to come by. It shows that through the efforts of Ginsburg and O'Connor, the Supreme Court of that period was continuing to change and secure the fate of American women from the top down.
In a stand-by-side battle, O'Connor and Ginsburg forged a sisterhood that transcended partisanship. They share women's life experiences, as well as the sensibility and empathy that some male colleagues do not have. None of them led a social movement on the streets. They're certainly not perfect, but they're undoubtedly the heroes of the feminist movement. The biography "Gentle Justice" evaluates them this way.
In 2005, Justice O'Connor announced his retirement. She had to take care of her husband, who was suffering from Alzheimer's disease. For Ginsburg, those were painful years. There was only one woman left in the Supreme Court.
It wasn't until she left that I realized how much I missed her. Ginsburg said.
Second from the right in the first row is O'Connor
Angry Jewish grandmother
Justice O'Connor's departure was seen as a turning point for the U.S. Supreme Court.
In an interview with The New Yorker, Ginsburg told Tughbin that the biggest change since she was a justice was O'Connor's departure, and if you look at our votes after she left, you'll see that in all 5-4 situations, when I was that 1/4, I would have been 1/5 — if she hadn't left.
In Nine: The U.S. Supreme Court, Thubbin also depicts how the Supreme Court changed around 2005. After the crucial 5th vote O'Connor left, how the Supreme Court gradually moved to the right and gradually faced the danger of total fall.
For years, Ginsburg remembered what her mother had told her that anger would not help things settle. On the day of their wedding, her mother-in-law gave her a pair of earplugs – the secret to a happy marriage is to occasionally pretend to be deaf and dumb. But after 2006, she began to tire of that restraint. Her career, which she fought for years, was seriously threatened by the Supreme Court's turn to the right.
In most cases, dissenting judges usually write down dissent and submit them to the court for filing. And when the Justices want people to pay attention to their views, they can read them out in court. In 2007, Ginsburg twice expressed dissent in cases concerning women's and labor rights.
One of them is related to abortion. Ginsburg has always insisted that women are the decision-makers in their own lives. When the government controlled her decision on abortion, she was not treated as an adult capable of making and taking responsibility for her life.
The other is the famous Case of Lily Ledbert.
By the time the plaintiff, Ms. Ryderbert, appeared in court, her hair was gray. After more than two decades of working for the company, nearing retirement, she discovered that her salary had been lower than that of men in the same position. But five conservative justices, including Chief Justice Roberts, dismissed the request on the grounds that she had failed to file a lawsuit within the six-month statutory time limit.
Colleagues are incurable, Ginsburg said. She felt empathy for what had happened to the sister. It was something that every professional woman of that generation had encountered, and I had it too.
Ginsburg not only read out the dissenting opinion on gender discrimination in employment in court, but also organized the article in more popular and everyday language. Even though the Supreme Court has declared Ledbett lost, she still wants her voice to be heard by more people outside the courtroom.
This is the 74-year-old warrior's once again solemn and wise choice of combat strategy in his career.
Ginsburg succeeded. In 2009, the first bill that President Barack Obama signed into was the Lily Ledbert Fair Pay Act.
In Ginsburg's office hangs a replica of the bill. It was a gift from Obama. It reads: Thank you for your work to create a more equal and equitable society.
The Supreme Court has always been a bonanza of news coverage. Whenever the diminutive justice opened the folder on trial day, all the reporters sat up excitedly.
But most of the time she's alone. In 2009, a 13-year-old girl was ordered to strip and search for herself after being reported to be in possession of ibuprofen illegally.
During the public debate in the case, several male justices did not understand what was wrong with the strip search. When Justice Breyer fondly reminisced about the happy times of his childhood naked in the locker room, the men erupted in a burst of laughter. Ginsburg was furious.
The girl was about the same age as Ginsburg's granddaughter, Clara. Reporters noticed that as the only female justice, Ginsburg's question was clearly full of anger:
It's not just being asked to take off your underwear! They were also asked to lift their underwear and shake them!
The media referred to her as an angry Jewish grandmother at the trial table. In a later interview with USA Today, Ginsburg said that The Men of the Supreme Court were completely unaware of the real lives of women outside the courtroom. They had never been a thirteen-year-old girl. It's a very sensitive time for girls...
2009 was a triumphant year for Ginsburg. She won dignity and lawsuits for 13-year-old girls and protected the rights of more working women through the Lily Ledbert Fair Pay Act. At the same time, the Supreme Court welcomed another female justice, Justice Sonia Sotomayer.
In office, Sonia was attacked for her attitude towards gender and race. Ginsburg didn't hesitate to stand up for the sisters: saying that Sonia was an aggressive questioner — what's new about that?! Haven't you seen how aggressive Judge Scalia and Justice Breyer were when they asked questions?
2009 was another difficult year. She was diagnosed with cancer for the third time. In June of the following year, just after the 56th wedding anniversary, her husband Martin died. Twenty-four hours later, Ginsburg was back on the bench.
Everyone wanted to take a picture with me, the old woman
From the second half of 2013, Ginsburg's image began to appear on more and more things outside the Supreme Court. Internet hot searches, stickers on the streets of Washington, lyrics from rappers, tattoos on arms, nails from ladies, Halloween outfits for babies, imitations of Saturday Night Live, tributes to The Proud Wife...
Ms. Ginsburg, 80, became an icon for all young Americans overnight — perhaps the oldest Internet celebrity when she became popular.
Justice Ginsburg's popularity began with her dissent on June 25, 2013.
Early that morning, she took her famous dissident collar to the Shelby County v. Holder trial. The Supreme Court voted 5-4 to terminate the Suffrage Act. Chief Justice Roberts said that since the severe racial discrimination of 50 years ago no longer exists in the United States, the provisions protecting vulnerable races have no continued meaning.
After the reading, Roberts said quietly, and Justice Ginsburg objected.
In his speech, Ginsburg pointed out that oppression is now imperceptible because the law is at work, but to abolish it because it is as ridiculous as throwing away an umbrella in a storm because it is not wet.
Prior to this, in a trial of anti-same-sex marriage, Ginsburg also made a metaphor. She said Congress's differential treatment of heterosexual and same-sex marriages is as ridiculous as saying skim milk is not milk.
The following year, after the Supreme Court supported employers for refusing to provide health insurance for female birth control on the grounds of religious belief, Ginsburg responded sharply in an interview that most men still cannot understand the importance of contraception in women's lives, and she hopes that they can "evolve" this ability under the influence of their wives and daughters.
Ginsburg's umbrella milk metaphor and the expectation that men will continue to evolve resonate widely. Anger and disbelief, centered on the skinny old lady, spread rapidly on the Web.
Frank xi, a social networking mastermind in Washington, and his friend Amina Tosoou, were ignited by anger. They open Photoshop and put the portrait of Ginsburg on a red background, with a small crown on top of their heads and a sentence next to it: Without Ruth, you can't spell Truth. The poster quickly spread online.
In New York, Shana Kaznick, a 24-year-old law student, was equally outraged. One of her classmates jokingly referred to Ginsburg online as the infamous RBG. It's a parody of the late famous rapper's infamous BIG.
Shana Kaznick also built a light blog of the same name to pay tribute to Ginsburg. Through the excavation and dissemination of young people's glorious but low-key past of the gender equality fighter, Ginsburg has become an idol for more and more people.
The Court's petite, elderly Jewish grandmother was juxtaposed with the late 300-pound rapper. It's not just that they're all from Brooklyn, it's more about their obscenity, offense, and mischief.
That cult accelerated after Trump's election as president. Ginsburg, who had a life of restraint and unspokenness, even unceremoniously called him a hypocrite in an interview.
In 2019, Atlantic magazine tried to find an explanation for the phenomenon. According to dalia Liswick, a scholar of cultural studies, today, more than ever, women aspire to role models, to truly voices of influence, authenticity, and dignity, and to hold up a righteous octogenarian as hope for the future.
However, Ruth Bud Ginsburg may have been the least likely person to be an idol.
Students have described the teacher Ginsburg in teaching evaluations this way: old-fashioned and serious, very intelligent, at the same time keeping distance from students, and having a rather conservative personality. Throughout her career as a lawyer, she has also been commented on as not radical and street-oriented. During her more than thirty years as a judge, she spent most of her time gentle and restrained.
She and Martin live in the most expensive apartment in New York. She is obsessed with classical drama, wears black-rimmed glasses, exquisite clothing and shoes, a happy marriage, and a group of children and grandchildren. In short, everything looks traditional, old-school and elite.
Until she opened her mouth to object, her anger was captured and spread by new media. All the strong contrasts before have magically given her a unique Karisma idol charm.
In tribute to her rap, Ginsburg became the conscience, hero, and indelible god of the country: the country has gone mad, you know, and only this woman is still supporting everything. You thought you could knock her down with a few broken ribs? dream!
However, it is also this expression that reveals people's deep uneasiness about the future and the unbearable weight of the life that an elderly woman has been given by everyone.
Smart Ginsburg understood and accepted it all. In the twilight of her life, she once again went to the battlefield with wisdom and bravery. She went with the flow, walked into the spotlight, and did what she thought was right. Doing the right thing is one of the proverbs hanging in her office.
In an obituary written for Ginsburg by The New Yorker, the author argues that historically, courts have been insulated from public opinion, which also requires justices to live largely low-key private lives. Ginsburg was by no means the first to defy this convention, but she despised it considerably.
In the last years of her life, she appeared in all media, speaking to tens of thousands of people. She deplored the changes in American society, including the Supreme Court itself. After a hearing in 2018, she said, "I wish I could swing my wand and get it back to where it was."
In the final stages of his life, Ginsburg still maintained the continuous output of a warrior — single-handedly breaking society's stereotypes of older women.
The two authors of the biography "Moments of Dissent" wrote that what could be more hated than an old woman? But people were eager to remember every word that the old woman said.
For a long time, older women in our culture were either kind-eyed grandmothers or vicious old witches, and the feminist writer Rebecca Tresna noted that Ginsburg's sharp and wise public image changed "the imagination of older women in power in American society."
Ginsburg's famous dissent collar
What is the ideal world for a daughter and granddaughter to live in?
In the last years of his life, Ginsburg was also attacked and jealousy like all women in power in history. Many in the liberal camp hope she will step aside so that the former Obama can nominate a younger justice.
Ginsburg objected. She does not retire. She wants to keep reminding other justices and the public that the promise of equality in the U.S. Constitution has not yet been fulfilled.
This was Ginsburg's lifelong enlightenment. Whenever she was ridiculed or even ridiculed in public, Ginsburg was never angry, and she always saw it as an opportunity for education.
Former Chief Justice Lenquist of the Supreme Court was one of Ginsburg's colleagues and friends who tried to influence with the methods of a kindergarten teacher during his lifetime.
For 30 years, Justice Renquist was skeptical of Ginsburg's view of gender equality. In the late '70s, it was he who teased her in court, and the heads of the pioneers of the feminist movement were printed on paper money, and you were not satisfied.
It wasn't until 2002 that change happened. The Supreme Court tried a case very similar to the Case of The Single Father in Wiesenfeld. The plaintiff was an unpaid man who needed leave to care for his sick wife.
This time, Justice Renquist made no jokes or ridicule. In his decision, he cited both Ginsburg's views as a lawyer and as a justice. The entire verdict was so imbued with the influence of the Kingsberg format that Martin thought it was ghostwritten by his wife for Renquist.
It was indeed a kindergarten teacher's day, Ginsburg said — because the judges didn't think sexism was real at all. One of the ideas I'm trying to teach them is – imagine what the ideal world your daughter and granddaughter live in in your mind.
This kind of imagination does work. For a while, Justice Renquist's daughter divorced. He leaves work early every day to pick up his granddaughter from school. In the face of Ginsburg's efforts and his daughter's plight, the father and justice finally evolved.
However, this small change took a long 23 years. But because of this, Ginsburg's life was determined, strong and great.
On September 19, 2020, the lighthouse Ginsburg, which is less than 153 centimeters, extinguished her light.
Countless people on earth mourn the departure of this 87-year-old woman. In the span of nearly a century, she has started from her personal life experience and thrown herself into the fight against all injustices, including gender discrimination, using the law, the weapon she is best at, to wisely choose tactics, and to benefit countless people with the warm light of justice and equality.
Ginsburg's life was a different warrior's life. She eventually awakens and rises up in middle age, but carries the battle to the last moment of her life.
In a turbulent era of constant division and the dissipation of everything that is solid, she has inspired not only generations of women and vulnerable people to fight for their destiny, but also people from different genders and different ideological spectrums to seek common ground while reserving differences and work for a better world.
Ginsburg once said that the most satisfying thing about her life was that she was involved in a movement that made her life better, and that the beneficiaries of this movement were not just women...
In 2018, Bessie West and Julie, directors of the documentary Justice Ginsburg, asked her how she wanted to be remembered when she was out of sight.
Ginsburg replied with her characteristic humility: I want people to remember this as a man who used his limited potential and did his job as well as he could. This man has tried to heal the wounds of society and make the world a little better. That world is the ideal world I want my children and grandchildren to live in.
There is still a long way to go from the reality we live in and the ideal world.
Today, there are still women and other vulnerable groups who suffer inhuman abuse and abuse in marriage and family, workplace treatment, and school life.
When progressive and unpublished, everyone, gender and politics, should ask themselves and ask themselves as often as Ginsburg: Imagine in your mind what the ideal world of your mother, daughter, and granddaughter lived in.
Women, the longest revolution. The difficult and long battle that belonged to Ginsburg, she completed. On social networks after her death, countless people wrote:
It's your turn now. Get up and fight.
Resources:
1. "Nine People: The Storm of the U.S. Supreme Court", by Jeffrey Thubbin, translated by He Fan, Shanghai Sanlian Bookstore Publishing House, April 2010.
2. "The Oath: The White House and the Supreme Court", by Megevere Thubbin, translated by Yu Xiao, Yilin Press, August 2019.
3. "A Century of Women: From Suffrage to the Pill," Medbolla M. Written by G Feld, translated by Yao Yanjin and Xu Xin, Nova Press, December 2006.
4. "Dissenting Moments: The Infamous Ginsburg Justice", by Mei Yilin Kamensana Kaniznick, translated by Luo Weiqian, Hunan Literature and Art Publishing House, September 2018.
5. "Gentle Justice: How U.S. Supreme Court Justices O'Connor and Ginsburg Changed the World," by Melinda Hershman, translated by Guo Shuo, China Legal Publishing House, February 2018.
6. "How Ruth Bud Ginsburg Changed the Supreme Court," MegèveY Tubbin, The New Yorker, March 2013, translated by Tambao.
7 Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the Great Equalizer, Jill Lepore, September 2020, New Yorker.
8、《 Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Supreme Court’s Feminist Icon, Is Dead at 87，How a scholar, advocate, and judge upended the entirety of American political thought》，2020年9月，纽约时报。
9. Documentary Female Justice Ginsburg, directed by Betsy West and Julie, 2018.