The choice of scientific research direction and research object can be said to be a nightmare that every scientific researcher cannot escape, and the fish species that can be selected as research objects under the category of aquatic disciplines are even more numerous. We have sorted out the literature related to aquatic product research in popular journals such as Nature, Science, Aquaculture Report, Aquaculture, Fish Physiology and BICchemistry in the past two years, and through reading and collation, we have selected the most popular research objects in the current aquatic industry, listed below, with a brief introduction.
Looking at aquatic research papers, the research reports on carps are the most extensive.
For example, the heterogeneous silver carp is a descendant of the fangzheng silver carp that develops natural female nuclei as the mother and the Xingguo red carp as the father, and is artificially inseminated and bred. Compared with other fish, the heterogeneous silver crucian carp has a good hybrid advantage, which is not only tender and nutritious, but also has a significant yield increase effect. It also has the characteristics of "tenacious and good to feed", the survival time from water is long, and short-distance transportation under low temperature and anhydrous conditions does not greatly affect its activity. It is a necessary product for worry-free and labor-saving scientific research.
Silver carp Carassius gibelio Wikipedia
Another example is the Jian carp, which is also one of the popular research fish. A species of the genus Cyprinidae, it is actually a variant of the European carp. It is an improved variety that is bred by six generations of targeted breeding by using the new process of comprehensive breeding such as domestic fish selection, interline hybridization and chromosome group engineering (female nuclear development) based on specific poached red carp and Yuanjiang carp as parents. It is characterized by fast growth rate, can adapt to a variety of breeding methods, strong disease resistance, easy to catch, more meat content, good meat quality, and can self-breeding, no need for hybridization, can greatly reduce costs, save labor. Various gifts have given it a certain place in the world of edible fish and scientific research fish.
When it comes to the genus Cyprinidae, we have to mention the zebrafish (Danio rerio), one of the most familiar faces in the top journals Science and Nature. If you search by discipline in Science, zebrafish is even classified as a separate discipline independent of many subjects. In addition, the academic community publishes a large number of journals and research websites dedicated to zebrafish research.
Zebrafish Developmental Stages Wikipedia
It is not an exaggeration to say that zebrafish are the guinea pigs of the fish world. It has many advantages in the field of scientific research. Its genome has been fully sequenced and fully understood. Its developmental behavior is easy to understand, easy to observe, and easy to test. And the embryo develops rapidly, the embryo is relatively large, prominent and transparent, and can also develop outside the mother.
Currently, researchers can obtain variants with specific characteristics that have already been studied and formed. Zebrafish as a type of research object can be said to be irreplaceable under molecular biology research, one is that the size of zebrafish embryos in the early development stage is almost unchanged, which is very convenient for the operation of simple techniques such as staining; second, the embryos composed of two cells in its developmental stage can also be fused into one cell to obtain homozygous embryos; third, zebrafish are significantly similar to human and mammalian models in toxicological tests, and show circadian rhythms similar to mammalian sleep behavior. It is not difficult to understand that such zebrafish are among the most popular research subjects.
In the top journals, the popularity of zebrafish can compete with the zebrafish is the tilapia, as a research object usually used Nile mouth incubation non-crucian carp (Oreochromis niloticus), Mozambican mouth incubation non-crucian (Oreochromis mossambicus) two kinds. Unlike China, which has a considerable number of "grass carp" freshwater aquaculture of four major fish, tilapia, as the mainstream freshwater farmed fish in Europe and the United States, is naturally born with a major scientific research mission.
If zebrafish is the "popular student" of molecular biology research, then tilapia can be said to support half of aquaculture research. Tilapia research is comprehensive and mature, involving farming experiments, food preservation studies, neurological studies, disease control and vaccine experiments.
Nile mouth incubated non-crucian oreochromis niloticus
In addition to the above several fish species that everyone is more familiar with, there is also a type of research object, which is more common in itself, but there are many kinds of formal names for Chinese, so it is sometimes difficult for people to react at once. Examples include turbot and penaeus monodon.
The first name of the Turbot (Paralichthys olivaceus) on Wikipedia is "Partial Mouth", which is actually a regular piece of turbot. The high-end-sounding Penaeus monodon is actually a grass shrimp.
As a valuable marine fish, turbot is one of the important marine aquaculture fish. Its large individual, tender and delicious flesh is also a superior material for sashimi, which has high economic value. Turbot occupies a certain place in China's fishery history, and recently due to overfishing and environmental pollution, the natural resources have been sharply reduced, and there has been a contradiction between supply and demand, prompting it to embark on the road of aquaculture.
Turbot Paralichthys olivaceus Wikipedia
Penaeus monodon is the largest species in the genus Shrimp, with a maximum individual of up to 350 mm and a body mass of 500 g. Body color varies depending on the size of the individual habitat, the bait and other factors. Penaeus monodon is large, the meat is delicious, the resistance is strong, and it has the conditions for selling live shrimp and has high economic value. In addition, this shrimp has a wide range of food, is an omnivorous shrimp, not only eats animal food, but also eats plant food, which is a good aquaculture object. It has been widely cultivated as a fine breed in eastern, southern coastal and Southeast Asian countries.
Penaeus monodon weibo @ entropy high stars
The tiny medaka also often appears in the literature as a subject of study. Oryzias latipes, small freshwater pelagic fish. It lives in ditches, rice paddies, ponds and aquatic grasses along rivers, rivers, lakes and reservoirs. The group swims in still water and slow water areas. Due to its strong reproductive ability and short life cycle, it is widely used in environmental biology experiments in Japan, mainly to test biological toxicity in the environment.
Medaka Oryzias Iatipes
There is also the genus Hippocampus, which differs greatly from other fish species in appearance, but is also one of the popular research subjects. Seahorses belong to a class of ray-finned fish in the family Sea Dragon family. It is a small sea creature with a length of 5-15 cm. It is named after the curved head and the body at nearly right angles. There are not many species of them, there are currently 32 known species, and there are 8 species in Chinese waters. Because of its strong medicinal and ornamental value, coupled with the increasing damage to the ecology of the sea, the seahorse has gradually become a popular research object in recent years. In addition to traditional farming experiments, the hippocampus is often used for neurological and genetic experimental studies.
Among them, the European hippocampus hippocampus and the erectus erectus are the two most common types of fishery research objects.
European hippocampus hippocampus Wikipedia
In addition, in the study of fisheries, there are some very niche aquatic animals. They are unique resources in some countries, and are basically unknown to outsiders except the locals, and they do not even have Chinese names, but they can frequently appear in various journal papers.
For example, the Thai catfish genus, giant toothless, is distributed in the lower reaches of the Mekong River. It is close to extinction due to overfishing, water pollution and the construction of dams upstream. The IUCN classifies them as critically endangered. However, their numbers in the wild are unknown, and the number of catches estimates has dropped by 80% over the past 14 years. They are also protected by Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, which prohibits international trade.
Giant toothless Pangasianodon gigas Wikipedia
Another example is Gnathopogon caerulescens Honko (ホンモロコ transliteration), a carp of the cyprinid family unique to Lake Biwa in Shiga Prefecture, Japan, and is a high-grade ingredient in Japanese food.
Gnathopogon caerulescens Wikipedia
Another example is Alburnus tarichi (transliteration of Van Lake van fish), a species endemic to Van Lake in Turkey, which thrives in the salty and carbonated Van Lake, which is not suitable for other forms of freshwater and marine fish.
Turkish stamps with Van Lake fish wikipedia
Scientific research is not easy, and the selection of a research object often makes researchers feel confused. It is said that the stone of the mountain can attack jade, and looking at the popular fishery research literature in the past two years, we have sorted out the above several popular research objects. It would be an honor to bring a little inspiration to researchers in their confusion.
This article is reproduced from "Fisheries Scholars"