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For more than 3200 B.C., the Darophi people who lived on the Indian subcontinent were the Dravidians, who had dark skin and short stature, but gave birth to the brilliant "Indus Civilization". In 2000-1500 BC, Aryan cavalry from Central Asia crossed the Khyber Pass, destroyed the Indus civilization, and occupied the anointed lands of the Indus and Ganges rivers.
Water vapor from the Indian Ocean is blocked by the Himalayas, and glaciers travel south from the Tibetan Plateau through the canyons, eventually nourishing the vast expanse of watery grasses in northern India. The Aryans also found that drinking the water of the Ganges could drive away many diseases (in 1896, British bacteriologists deciphered the existence of phages in the Ganges to extinguish bacteria, of course, the current Ganges water is completely unreadable).
The Aryans, who came from afar from the deserts of Central Asia, decided that this was a godsend and settled here instead of being nomadic.
During this period of conquest of the Dravidians, although the Aryans had the blessing of black technology (the invention of cavalry), the Strong Material Base of the Dravidians and the large number of soldiers made the Aryan manpower stretched. In order to expand the territory and win the battlefield, the productivity of Aryan women played a key role.
Men saw blood on the front lines, while women spun, farmed, fed livestock, and made supplies. Military uniforms, military food, horses, bows and arrows, warships, women, through their knowledge and hard work, added all kinds of weight to the final victory of the Aryan army. Because of the need to participate in the transportation and management of manufacturing and logistics, Aryan women had to receive education and reserve knowledge.
A collection of poems at the time, the Adhapa Vedas, emphasized that women could only enter into marriage after they had been educated. At this time, the status of Aryan women can be said to be the peak of Indian history. They had poetry books, freedom of marriage, and the emergence of a large number of talents in all areas of society—priestesses, poets, scholars. They have the same inheritance rights as men, even if the widow becomes a widow.
▲ Aryan tribal site
"When women walk on the road, all people should make way for them." This sentence comes from the mouth of the ancient Indian jurisprudent, ApaStampa.
"May these women not suffer the pain of widowhood, no more tears, no more sorrow, and wear gold and silver into their new families." Quoting from the ancient Indian religious masterpiece "The Hundred Noble Books", this sentence corroborates the Indian society at that time advocating widows to remarry and women to legally inherit the wealth of the family.
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From 900 BC to 700 BC, the Aryans conquered the Dravidians in the Indus and Ganges valleys almost completely. In order to achieve the rule of a few Aryans over the majority of the Dravidians, the sinful caste system was invented by Brahmanism. The defeated Dravidians became dalits under the caste system and worked as slaves for the Aryans for generations.
The Male Slaves of the Dravidians were so strong and populous that paying them meager rations could serve them like cattle, and in the eyes of the Aryan lords, these untouchables were good and cheap laborers.
The abundant labor power provided by the Dravidians meant that Aryan women did not have to run around the ridges of the fields or work overtime to make quilts and arrows for the army. Many Aryan women no longer engage in any social work, and are at ease to have children and run the household at home.
"Look, my father was a doctor, my mother was grinding powder on a stone... Oh Sumo! We sacrifice you for your wealth! In the ancient book of the Riju Veda, Indian poets sang about their family life in this way. The war dividend caused more and more Aryan girls to break away from social production and become full-time mothers, so much so that Later Aryan women felt that education was superfluous—after all, the brain was not an organ for childbearing in their eyes.
In order to maintain the caste system, the Aryans of India stipulated that marriages could not be intermarried between different castes. In order to prevent the "moral corruption" of Aryan high-caste women and low-caste men, the economic activities of Indian women were completely abolished, and the only mission of Aryan women in India was to serve their husbands and breed children.
Since then, the history of Indian women becoming reproductive tools has begun. This is true of noble Aryan women, and The Dravidian women at the bottom of society are at the bottom of the Indian food chain.
"Women are fertile ground for life." In order to further squeeze out the value of the Indian woman's reproductive machine, "smart" Indian men introduced the child marriage system. Indian women are forced to marry during adolescence or even near puberty.
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From the sixth to the fifth century BC, the Indian Kshatriya class (ranked second under the caste system, composed of royals and warriors) began to compete with the Brahmin class (the first under the caste system, responsible for religion, philosophy, and culture) for religious discourse.
The tit-for-tat opposition to Brahmanism is Shaman, which includes Buddhism, Jainism, Life, Conformism, and Agnosticism, the most popular of which is Buddhism. Brahmanism advocates strict sacrificial practices and a strict hierarchy, while Buddhism advocates equality of all beings. Buddhist teachings completely overthrew the foundations of Brahmanism, and the idea of the equality of all beings was welcomed by the common people.
"How free I am! When I came out of the heavy housework, what a complete freedom it was! "The popularity of Buddhism in the Ganges Valley is like a dawn shining in the hearts of Indian women. The monks draped the women in robes and encouraged them to achieve spiritual pursuit and fullness through practice. All beings are equal, whether married or widowed, rich or poor, high castes or untouchables, under the influence of Buddhist thought, Indian society has been renewed.
Freed from the shackles of Brahmanism, the girls went out of the house in pursuit of emancipation of the mind and baptism of knowledge. Having children and adopting daughters is no longer a burden, and instead, many girls choose to adopt; the marriage of men and women is no longer decided by their parents, and the girls' own feelings are respected by society.
Child marriage has been widely boycotted, the age of marriage of Indian girls has been pushed backwards; the personality of girls has once again been respected by their families, even if they are widowed, they can still participate in family gatherings and inheritance; in addition, girls no longer revolve around housework, their inner joy, emotional cultivation, and kind generosity are what the family wants to see.
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By the eighth century, a figure named Shang Karra had emerged in Brahmanism, who had replaced brahmans and advanced them to brahman 2.0, Hinduism. Shang Karma talked about it, looking for Buddhist masters everywhere to kick the pavilion, and making the highest Buddhist institution in India dumbfounded and closed doors. Buddhism has since collapsed, and Hinduism has become the dominant religion on the Indian subcontinent.
The ebb and flow of Buddhism and the rise of Hinduism have put the fate of Indian women in a difficult situation. Although a very small number of Indian women have become poets, scholars, musicians, and queens, in addition to these rare and few cases, the vast majority of Indian women, even high-caste women, cannot escape the fate of losing themselves.
Institutions such as child marriage, dowry, arranged marriage, and widow observance have reappeared in the world, exacerbated by the fact that many girls have been domesticated into prostitutes and dancers for sexual pleasure. From the eleventh century onwards, the Turks who believed in Islam entered India in waves from the Khyber Pass, and the shackles of Islam such as polygamy, deep boudoir, and veils began to be put on the delicate and fragile necks of Indian women.
For high-caste women, if they do not have palanquins and shoulders, they are grounded at home; if they are old and have no labor or do not give birth to heirs for their husbands, high-caste widows must be martyred.
"There is nothing more evil than a woman; a woman is a burning flame; a woman combines the characteristics of a sharp blade, poison, a serpent, and a flame." The teachings of the Mahabharata are such naked stigmatization of women.
"My master, you eat the beans first." Indian texts such as the Upanishads of the Singer and the Upanishads of Daelim regulate again and again how Indian women should call their husbands.
"My parents knew I was going to be widowed, but they still asked me to marry. My father asked me to marry a young boy when I was two years and six months old and he died after 6 months. I became an unpleasant widow. A student at Pandita Ramabay put it this way. Pandita Ramabay is the founder of an Indian school for widows, and her students are the kind of Indian girls who become widows before the age of fifteen.
According to India's Manu Code, a woman is one-third the age of marriage for a man, and the wife of an Indian man of thirty is rightfully ten years or younger.
▲ The tradition of child marriage in India
According to the 1881 census, there were nearly 80,000 widows under the age of nine in India, about 210,000 widows aged 10 to 14, and about 380,000 "older widows" between the ages of fifteen and nineteen; by 1891, the number of widows in India had soared to 23 million, accounting for 8% of India's total population.
William Kerry was a nineteenth-century British scholar who, between 1803 and 1804, was the subject of "Satie", the ancient ritual of Indians brainwashing or coercing Indian widows to self-immolate. William traveled thirty miles around Kolkata, the capital of British India at the time, and in twelve months he witnessed 438 "Satie", sometimes several times a day.
▲ Sati: An ancient ritual in which Indians demand that Indian widows be martyred and self-immolated through brainwashing or coercion
She was carried to her firewood with her arms around her deceased husband. The two youths fixed her with a rope, and then the tongue of fire climbed up along the rope. In 1785, the publication of "Satie" in the Calcutta Gazette ignited the enthusiasm of British academics, and British scholars rushed to India to study this "exciting" new research hotspot.
William Kerry's research on Satie made him famous in academia, and more scholars followed. Between 1815 and 1824, the Sati incident in Bangladesh, Bombay, and Madras was counted at 6632; in Bangladesh alone, between 1815 and 1828, 8134 widows were burned to ashes by relatives and friends.
Female infanticide is also a traditional skill that Indian men are "proud of". Drowned, strangled, thrown to beasts for food, buried alive, Indian men killed their daughters in a variety of ways.
The Indian film "The Country Without Women" depicts how an Indian father drowned his daughter, who was born less than an hour ago, in milk.
▲ Footage of a baby girl drowning in the Indian film "A Country Without Women"
The culture of prostitutes is an object of frequent praise in Indian literature. Prostitutes, a caste in the Indian tradition of singing and dancing, were trained in song and dance and educated in literature from an early age.
In religious ceremonies, they display their talents and please the gods in front of the gods; in front of the temple benefactors and dignitaries, they are mistresses and playthings, providing indecent dances and satisfying the indecent needs of their guests. According to the 1881 census, there were 11,600 prostitutes in Madras in India alone.
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The post-independence era of India was the end of the colonial era and the stage of modern civilization. But for many Indian women, they are mired in india's traditional feminine culture. Commercial surrogacy became another way for them to sell their bodies.
Surrogacy is illegal in many modern countries, but in India surrogacy is a hot industry that the government has nodded and is in full swing. In 2006, the Indian Medical Council predicted that the output value of commercial surrogacy in India would exceed $6 billion per year.
People jokingly call India the "world's baby factory", compared to the cost of surrogacy in North America, India takes the "good price" route, and only $10,000 is needed to allow Indian women to rent out their uterus.
In 2021, the Indian surrogacy industry has somehow doubled, and the sexual violence faced by Indian women has become the talk of the world before and after tea. According to the current development of the affirmative action movement in India, what they need to wait for will be the cold winter of tens or even hundreds of years.
The names, events and data appearing in the text are true and verifiable, and the following are references.
[1] Rig Veda, The Story of Women of India, Padmini Sengupta, Indian BookCompany New Delhi, 1974.
Xu Fancheng. The Fifty Books of The Upanishads
[3] An analysis of the harm to the caste system in India and its reasons for existence
[4] Women and Social Reform in Modem India：AReader；editors：SumitSarkar，TanikaSarkar．IndianaUniversity Press，2008.