General Wu Jianping before and after the Zunyi Uprising
General Wu Jianping was my grandfather's eldest brother. Wu Jianping (1895--1962) 1936 Major General, 1948 Lieutenant General. Also known as Xiantai, Wu Mo, a native of Suiyang, Guizhou, was born on April 9, 1895. Graduated from the 1st guizhou army lecture hall and the 4th special class of the army university. In the Liberation War, the historic city of Zunyi could be completely preserved, and General Wu Jianping had an indelible contribution. The author of this article has personally experienced the before and after of General Wu's uprising, written a text, and left a precious material for history. In the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the officers and men of the Qian Army fought bravely and were not afraid of sacrifice, carried forward the chinese nation's indomitable spirit of resisting foreign humiliation, and killed the prestige of the Qian Army. General Wu Jianping was one of the generals who led the Qian army out of the Qian anti-Japanese resistance, and was then the commander of the 121st Division. In the autumn of 1949, Wu Jianping was appointed commander of the enemy's Second Huanjing District. October. Accepting the demands of the underground party in Guizhou, the secret uprising ensured the complete return of the historic city of Zunyi to the people. As a participant in the liberation of the historic city of Zunyi and a witness to the uprising of General Wu Jianping with my comrades-in-arms, I wrote this article. On March 8, 1947, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued an instruction to carry out guerrilla warfare in the rural areas of Chiang Kai-shek, calling for: "According to the different conditions of each region, step by step, mobilize and organize the peasant masses, carry out guerrilla warfare, and establish guerrilla base areas." Strengthen the work of the second battlefield to meet the new upsurge of the Chinese revolution. To this end, the underground party regards the investigation and understanding of the local Kuomintang troops, including the strength, equipment, distribution of garrisons, the situation of the chief officers, and the deployment dynamics, as an important task. Conduct a summary study in accordance with the detailed entries for the investigation of the military listed in the "Outline of Investigation and Research" issued by the Party Central Committee.
In the spring of 1949, I was dispatched to Zunyi by the Guizhou Provincial Working Committee of the Communist Party of China to collect the information listed in the Outline of Investigation and Research, and in the investigation of the local Kuomintang military and political leaders, I focused on General Wu Jianping, who was then the commander of the enemy's Second Appeasement District (which governed Zunyi and Tongren). According to the materials we know, Wu Jianping is a native of Suiyang County. He is a famous "general" in Guizhou, but he has several different characteristics from ordinary old soldiers: First, he came from a poor family since childhood, and was admitted to Guizhou to study military affairs after graduating from the Guizhou Provincial Normal School (four-year system). Second, he was not a member of Chiang Kai-shek's concubine, but a general who had been promoted from among the miscellaneous officers of the Qian Army; because he was good at "judging the hour and sizing up the situation," he "repeatedly lost sincerity" to Chiang Kai-shek, and at the same time, Wu himself had the praise of "having been through the army for a long time and led the troops well," and was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek to the posts of division commander, deputy commander, and commander of the division and district, and was guaranteed to be admitted to the "Army University" for further study. The rank of lieutenant general was awarded. But after all, it is not reused by the Jiang Gang. Third, Wu is not a simple "Takefu of Zhao Zhao", but very politically minded. In his spare time in the military, he cared about the cultural construction of his hometown, and once donated books to Suiyang and spent half his life on horses, and did not want to surrender or die. At present, it can only drag on, take a step of equipment and donate funds to set up a "Jianping Scholarship" to reward students who have entered the university. When Wu Tunjun was rejuvenating, he mobilized the military and civilians to build streets, parks, sports fields, dredging rivers, and donating funds to build bridges. Being humble, not putting up shelves, respecting the villagers, caring for subordinates, very popular, the masses have a good reputation. Wu Jianping was elected by Zunyi as a legislator of the Kuomintang Legislative Yuan. His opponent was Chiang Kai-shek's close confidant, Liu Jianqun, one of the so-called Thirteen Taibao and a zunyi member of the Kuomintang Central Committee, which showed Wu's popularity in Zunyi. Such a soldier with considerable influence in Guizhou, we believe that we must win him to the people.
After returning to Zunyi in the summer of 1949, in order to fulfill the task required by the Provincial Working Committee to ensure that the complete liberation of Zunyi would not be destroyed, it was necessary to do a good job in the united front work and further investigate and implement the uprising of General Wu Jianping.
At that time, Wu Jianping was already in his 50s. As a mass member of the "watching the liveliness," I once saw from a Kuomintang parade of troops that Wu Jianping was still straight at the waist and back when he was hired on horseback, and he did not look old," and I could not help but secretly marvel. The father of Comrade Wang Shengong, a member of the core leading group of the Shuguang Society, a secret peripheral organization of the underground party, Wang Qiyao (who was a former county magistrate and vice president of the Zunyi Gang Hongmen Mingxin Printing Society) and Wu Jianping, Zhang Zhaokui (famous gang leader, president of the Ming Xinyin Society) and other people are good friends, often playing cards and drinking together. We learned about the situation through Wang Shengong. Wang reported that Wu Jianping spoke cautiously, and talked a lot about his deeds of fighting Japan in Shanghai, Wuhan, and western Yunnan during the war, but remained silent about the rights and wrongs of the Kuomintang and the current situation. However, one thing is very noteworthy, once Wang Qiyao asked Wang Shengong to go to the Wu family to deliver something, because of the family relationship, without informing Wang Shengong to go in, saw Wu Jianping sitting on a recliner in the corner of the corridor reading a book, saw Wang Shengong hurriedly closed the book, in a hurry Wang saw that the title of the book was "On New Democracy", because the underground party also had this version of the leader's work that we studied, and it was clear at a glance. I asked Wang Shengong to do a good job in his father's work and asked his father to touch the bottom of Wu Jianping's thoughts. Soon, Wang Shengong reported that his father had a deep conversation with Wu Jianping, from the current situation to the individual. Wang Qiyao said: In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, in order to be a general, we can fight as a war, we cannot fight when we are defended, we cannot defend when we are guarding, we cannot go when we go, we cannot go down, and we cannot surrender to death. What are you going to do? Wu said: Chiang Kai-shek has lost millions of troops, so how can I fight and defend this point? Let's go, I drag my family to Taiwan without conditions. He spent half his life and did not want to descend or die. At present, we can only drag it out, take one step at a time. We got this important information and decided to ask Wang Qiyao to further persuade Wu Jianping to revolt secretly. After seeing Wu, Wang came back and said that Wu was willing to revolt, but hoped to meet with the head of the underground organization for detailed talks. At that time, I was the main person in charge of the Zunyi underground organization, and all the relations between the upper and lower left and right were in my hands, under normal circumstances, I paid attention to concealment and did not come forward directly, but this was a big thing, and the time was urgent, so I decided to meet with Wu personally.
One morning in October 1949, I arrived at Wang Shen's house on time, and Wu Jianping was already there, wearing civilian clothes and a fur collar coat, sitting on a long wooden sofa with me. After greeting and offering tea, the host withdrew, and we cut to the point. I said: I heard that Mr. Wu had the intention to revolt and sent me to exchange views organizationally (at that time, I did not want Wu to have other ideas because I was too young, nor did I want to confess that I was the main person in charge, but I could only say so as he understood). Wu said: During the Northern Expedition of Jianping, he was inclined to the Communist Party, looked for contacts, and for various reasons failed to follow the revolution. I gave Wu a policy document, "Eight Chapters of the Covenant Law," which I carried with me, briefly explained the relevant spirit and put forward three demands on Wu: First, restrain the units from burning and destroying; second, act in accordance with the intentions of the underground organization and the People's Liberation Army to ensure the complete liberation of Zunyi; third, inform us of the enemy's situation at any time. We also made three commitments to General Wu: First, treat Wu and the officers and men under his command in accordance with the policy of insurrection; second, ensure the safety of their own lives; and third, the work arrangements after the liberation of Wu himself shall be decided by the superiors. Wu fully agreed, and said that he would definitely listen to the command of the Communist Party and the People's Liberation Army and do his best to do a good job. The parties also agreed on a method of contact. I briefed Comrades Liu Zhaofu, Pan Minghua, Wang Shengong, and others on the situation of winning the Wu uprising. We agreed that it would normally be appropriate for me not to come forward. A few days later, Pan Minghua won over the secret uprising of Major General Li Yichang, chief of staff of the Kuomintang 275th Division and director of the Zunyi Left Guard Office, and Pan Minghua lived in Li Yichang's home in Shijiabao. One night I went to Pan's office to discuss things, and just as Li Yichang asked the head of the Second Appeasement District to come to his house for discussions, Wu Jianping and deputy commander Bai Huizhang both went. At that time, it was an oil lamp, and I could not see me in the shadow of the lamp, so I quietly left and let Pan, Li and Wu, Bai and others meet to arrange the work.
After the secret uprising, General Wu Jianping often provided us with important military information, informing us of the password for martial law at night and the area where the enemy police and the enemy police special "raided" the area, and providing us with a pass for the headquarters of the Second Appeasement District and a military uniform symbol, so that we could also move at night and contact the People's Liberation Army without hindrance. Coupled with the information provided by our comrades working in the enemy's inner line, including the information obtained from the enemy's radio, and comprehensively checked, we have basically made the enemy situation in Zunyi clear-sighted, which is one of the important reasons why zunyi's underground work has not been damaged and has progressed smoothly, and it is also one of the contributions of General Wu.
Wu Jianping used his political position, interpersonal relationships, and social influence to engage in legal struggles based on the intentions of the underground organization. In order to hinder the PLA's advance, the Kuomintang contingency plan determined to blow up all the bridges on the Sichuan-Qianqian Line, especially the Wujiang Bridge. Chen Chunlin, commander of the Forty-fourth Army of the Luo Guang Corps stationed in Zunyi by the Sichuan Army, was a classmate of the special fifth phase of Wu Jianping Army University, and went to Zunyi to talk about "friendship with the same window" in an attempt to take advantage of Wu's relations to win over local forces and jointly resist liberation. Wu knew what was going on in his heart and didn't reject it. Chen Chunlin was particularly active in the plan to blow up the bridge in order to cover the safe retreat of his troops. Wu Jianping resolutely opposed it, on the grounds that the high mountain roads in Guizhou were dangerous, and the salt was transported from Sichuan, which was already very difficult, and blowing up the Wujiang Bridge was equivalent to breaking the salt road in Guizhou. The two sides have their own opinions and have not been inconclusive for a long time. Chen Chunlin was anxious, slapped the table and said, I am carrying out Luo Guangwen's orders; Wu jumped up on his feet and said, This is the responsibility of my appeasement area, and I have the right to speak. The two quarreled, getting more and more fierce. Mr. Zhang Zhaokui, who has established a secret working relationship with us, reconciled from the middle: "Commander Wu of the bombing bridge is sorry for the father and elder of Guizhou, it is difficult to make a difference without bombing Commander Chen, both sides need to consider, in my opinion, how much to blow up is calculated!" "So, only one hole in the Wujiang Bridge was blown up." We also won over the secret uprising of Chen Chunlin's vanguard battalion, Chen Jiaji (changed to rear guard when retreating), skillfully protected all the bridges on the Zunmei and Zunyu highway lines, and ensured the smooth flow of the road for the People's Liberation Army to directly attack Chongqing and southern Sichuan. Before liberation, it was very difficult to eat salt in Guizhou, and the price of salt was expensive, and sometimes two buckets of rice could not be exchanged for a pound of salt. At that time, there were about 400 tons of salt stored by the Zunyi officials and merchants, and Commissioner Lu Jie plotted to "open the warehouse and scatter the salt", and the troops could move away, but if they could not move, they let the people take it away by themselves, empty the salt warehouse, and let the people of the people have no salt to eat after the people's liberation army came, causing chaos. Wu Jianping objected: "If we don't have any salt to eat ourselves," he resisted this poisonous plan. We also ordered the salt chief through relations to keep all the assets and wait for it to be taken over, so that the salt would be protected.
On November 19, 1949, the director of the enemy radio station of the secret uprising sent information that the People's Liberation Army was found near Sunjiadu in Yuqing County, the lower reaches of the Wujiang River. General Wu informed us of the same news. I studied with Pan Minghua, Liu Zhaofu, and the comrades of the core leading group of the Shuguang Society, sent people to the direction of Meitan to meet the main force of our army and lead the way to attack Zunyi, and at the same time urgently deployed actions to protect Zunyi City from destruction. Pan contacted Wu to discuss, and Wu said that his relationship with Chen Chunlin and Lu Jie was very stiff, but the strength of his direct subordinate unit was smaller than that of Chen and Lu, and if there was a conflict, it might affect the lives and property of the people of Zunyi, so if necessary, he had to withdraw from the city to stand by, and at that time we did not want a situation of chaos. Therefore, it was agreed that Wu would retreat in the direction of Suiyang and agree on contact methods. Wu Bu withdrew from Zunyi on the night of the 20th, and in order to prevent sabotage and robbery, Pan Minghua and Liu Zhaofu, I decided to occupy the city center, control the situation, protect the urban area, and calm people's minds. We took the first detachment of the guerrilla column in the underground armed Sichuan-Qian border area and other units to occupy the area around T-Zikou, established a command post in a business, controlled the commanding heights, and arranged to block Chen Chunlin and Lu Jie. After midnight, he grabbed Lu Jie's messengers and orders to dispatch troops, disrupted his deployment, and drove away Lu Jie's troops who were trying to rob and destroy the Daxing flour mill. In the early morning of the 21st, an an announcement was issued on the headquarters of the guerrilla column in the Sichuan-Qianqian Border Region stationed in Zunyi. After the People's Liberation Army entered the city on the 21st, Pan Minghua informed Wu Jianping through Chen Xiangsun, a Suiyang celebrity who lived in Zun, to lead his troops to return to Zunyi, and Wu Dexin led more than 800 people directly under his command back to Zunyi and stationed at Gaoqiao to listen to the reorganization. Later, he and some of the rebel generals jointly telegraphed the uprising.
According to the performance of General Wu's uprising, the Guizhou Provincial Working Committee of the CPC decided and reported to the Central Committee for approval to appoint General Wu Jianping as a member of the Guizhou Provincial People's Government and deputy director of the Department of Civil Affairs. This was the post arrangement of the more than a dozen Kuomintang uprising generals who were in the Zunyi Uprising at that time, second only to General Chen Tie, the former deputy commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang Northeast "Suppression General.". Later, he was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a member of the Standing Committee and Secretary General of the Guizhou Provincial Committee of the Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee, and a member of the Unity Committee of the Central Committee of the He was misclassified as a rightist in 1957 and died in 1962, depressed. In 1979, he corrected Zhaoxue and restored his reputation, and held a memorial service in Guiyang on October 31, 1980, and the responsible comrades of the provincial and municipal party and government attended the memorial and expressed their condolences to the relatives of General Wu.