From 1895 to 1910, Sun Yat-sen led nine uprisings in Guangzhou, but all of them ended in failure. On October 13, 1910, in Penang, Malaya, Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing, Hu Hanmin, Zhao Sheng, Deng Zeru and others gathered secretly to prepare for the Tenth Guangzhou Uprising.
Sun Yat-sen said boldly: "A defeat is a foot." The tide of revolution has flourished, the thinking of overseas Chinese has been enlightened, and from now on we will only worry about our people's unplanned and courageous ears! Take advantage of this opportunity to make a big deal out of it. The financial use of the first layer, I should do whatever I want. ”
The meeting decided to gather 500 people from among the members of the League to organize a death squad and to instigate the response of sympathetic revolutionary troops in the Qing army. It was later expanded to 800 people, divided into 10 routes, ranging from 50 to 100 people each. These 800 death squads, as the vanguard, charged into battle. From the vanguards gathered in Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan provinces and Nanyang provinces to Hong Kong, most of these members are the backbone of the League. Lin Juemin, Yu Peilun, Fang Shengdong, etc. all volunteered to serve as pioneers. On the eve of the uprising, 800 pioneers gathered in Guangzhou, and many of them wrote suicide notes with the determination to die.
Lin Juemin wrote in a book to his pregnant wife: "I love Ru so much, that is, this love of Ru is a thought, so that I dare to die." Since I met Ru, I have always wished that all lovers in the world would become dependents. However, there are fishy clouds everywhere, wolfhounds all over the street, and it is gratifying, and a few can! Sima Qingyi, I can't learn too much to forget my feelings. Yun Yun: 'The benevolent old and the old and the old, the young and the young and the young.' 'I am full of my heart for Ru, and help the people of the world to love what they love, so I dare to die first, regardless of Ruye. In addition to crying, Ru Ti Wu also thinks of the people of the world, and when Yi Le sacrifices the welfare of my body and the Body of Ru, he seeks eternal happiness for the people of the world. Don't be sad! ”
Fang Shengdong wrote to his father: "This is the last gift of the child's handwriting." When this fruit arrives at home, the child is no longer alive for a long time. However, it is fortunate to hope that the lord will take the affairs of state as the most important thing and not to hurt the death of his son. Husbands and sons who are still alive cannot make meritorious achievements, so as to strengthen the motherland, so that their compatriots can enjoy happiness, and although they struggle and die, they are also happy; and they die for the motherland, and they are righteous. For the family, there is a responsibility that should be fulfilled, only if the state cannot guarantee it, then the wealth cannot be guaranteed, that is, for the sake of the family, nor can it be saved without dying. Today, the child strives to exorcise the full, and fulfills the responsibilities of the state, that is, to defend the family. When his revolution succeeds, the people in my family are all the new citizens of China, and the descendants of the world can also be safe for a long time, and although they die, they are also blind to the underground! ”
Before the uprising, a huge sum of money had to be raised for guns and ammunition. It was decided to raise HK$130,000 among overseas Chinese in the name of revitalizing education in China.
Zhao Sheng was sent to Hong Kong to prepare for the uprising; Huang Xing, Hu Hanmin, and Deng Zeru went to various ports in Nanyang to collect funds, and also sent people overseas to buy weapons.
The British Malaya authorities learned of Sun Yat-sen's activities in Penang and expelled him for "obstructing local law and order". He went to the United States and Canada again to raise money.
In Canada, Malaya, the Dutch East Indies, Vietnam, Myanmar, the United States and other countries, the fundraising has reached 190,000 Hong Kong dollars, exceeding the original plan.
On January 18, 1911, Huang Xing, Zhao Sheng, and others established the "Coordination Department" of the general organ of the uprising at No. 35 Happy Valley, Hong Kong. Huang Xing was promoted as minister, Zhao Sheng as vice minister, Hu Hanmin as the head of the secretarial section, and Chen Jiongming as the head of the dispatch section. Because Hu Hanmin had not yet arrived in Hong Kong, Chen Jiongming was the head of the secretarial section of the Ming Dynasty, and Song Jiaoren was the head of the preparation section.
The date of the Guangzhou uprising is scheduled for April 13. However, on April 8, Wen Shengcai, who had returned from Malaya, took matters into his own hands and assassinated Fu Qi, the deputy capital of Guangzhou. Wen Shengcai was arrested and righteous.
After the assassination, the Guangzhou government was on close guard. Coupled with the delay in the delivery of a ship of weapons from Japan and the remittances from the United States and the Dutch East Indies, Huang Xing decided to postpone the uprising until April 27, and the original plan for the ten-way offensive had to be changed to four roads.
On the morning of April 27, Zhao Sheng's troops, who arrived in Guangzhou by early boat, could not enter the city because the city gates were closed; only the pioneers of Fujian and Haiphong came to Guangzhou to wait. Huang Xing distributed ivory seals and black steel time watches to the pioneers for trustworthiness and punctuality.
At 4 p.m. on the 27th, an hour before the scheduled uprising time, Huang Xing gathered the crowd to give a speech, at which time Li Wenfu, Luo Zhonghuo, Zhu Zhixin, Tan Renfeng and others also arrived, Tan Renfeng told Huang Xing about the situation in Hong Kong, asking for a one-day delay, Huang Xing only said: "Old sir, don't disturb the hearts of our army!" "At this point, the arrow was on the string and had to be sent.
10 minutes before departure, Chen Jiongming sent someone to see that Huang Xing and the others were ready to go, and turned away without saying a word. According to the predetermined plan, Huang Xing attacked the Superintendent's Office and Chen Jiongming attacked the Patrol Police Coaching Office. But then it turned out that Chen Jiongming was afraid of getting things tricky and didn't dare to act. Thus the rebel army had only three routes left.
At 5:30 p.m. on April 27, Huang Xing was dressed in an a short snow-blue woven silk coat, with his legs tied in cloth and a gun in both hands. He looked at his watch, the hands were pointing at 5:30, and immediately issued an order: "Comrades, remember: Be bold, and be careful. The time has come, attack the Overseer! ”
The trumpeter took the trumpet made of conch and blew the marching horn. There was a whimpering sound, and the wind surged forward.
There was a company of guards stationed at the Governor's Office, eating dinner, when the rebels rushed in and shouted, "We are breathing for Chinese, and you are also Chinese, if you are in favor of righteousness, raise your hands!" ”
The Qing guards looked at each other, some trying to draw their guns and resist. The rebels fired at the same time, immediately killed the guard pipe belt, rushed into the second gate, and fired at the Qing army guard, destroying everything.
Huang Xing fired two shots in succession, and the bullets were fired without false fire, forcing the guards to abandon their guns and ask for surrender.
However, Zhu Zhixin threw his usual weak posture out of the cloud of nine clouds and bravely charged into the battle, showing great wit and bravery.
Huang Xing, Zhu Zhixin, Lin Shituan, Li Wenfu, and Yan Ji rushed into the private apartment and searched for Zhang Mingqi separately.
Yu Peilun, Xiong Kewu and others attacked from the back door of the Governor's Office. Yu Peilun, who did not close his eyes for three days and three nights because of the bomb making, was carrying a bomb, his eyes were shining, and he threw out two ten-pound bombs, "Boom! "Two large holes exploded in the back wall of the Governor's Office. The rebel soldiers rushed in, and Yu Peilun shouted, "Capture Zhang Mingqi alive!" ”
Zhang Mingqi was deliberating with the same division and Dao officials in the Supervision Office, when he heard the alarm, he hurried through the back wall and turned into the Water Division Platform.
Huang Xing, seeing that Zhang Mingqi and other officials had fled, ordered arson and burned the governor's office.
The rebel army left the governor's office and arrived at Dongyuanmen, where they encountered the qing dynasty admiral Li Zhun's troops, and Lin Shimiao persuaded him to surrender: "I am all Han Chinese, and when we work together to restore Han soil." "Unexpectedly, he was suddenly shot and died.
Liu Yuandong, Lin Yinmin and 5 others were shot and killed one after another.
The two sides engaged in fierce street battles. Huang Xing raised his gun and shot, killing several people in a row, and he was wounded by a bullet in his right hand, breaking his middle and index fingers. Yu Peilun, whose arm had been destroyed, hung a basket full of bombs on his chest, and bravely threw it at the Qing army, and the enemy saw it and was all afraid.
The rebels attacked in three ways. The war quickly spread throughout the city. Huang Xing led 10 people, planning to go out of the southern gate, met the patrol battalion on the way, and after receiving the fire, he was outnumbered and defeated. Huang Xing avoided a closed silk cloth shop, changed his clothes, and ran to a secret office on the outskirts of the South Bank of the Pearl River. Xu Zonghan, a member of the Women's League there, wrapped his wounds and safely escorted him to Hong Kong. Later, Huang and Xu married.
Zhu Zhixin followed Huang Xing to the bottom of the double gate, picked up a gun from the hands of the sacrificed comrades, and continued to fight. He was wounded in the hands and chest, covered in blood, and ignored it, until the bullets ran out and the team dispersed, and then he avoided the home of Lin Yunxiao, a student of the Dialect Academy, and waited until the Great South Gate and the Great PingMen were opened, and after some disguise, he took a boat to Hong Kong.
Fang Shengdong and a group of other rebel troops rushed to attack the training office, and Fang was killed by drinking bullets in the middle of the way.
When Chen Jiongming and others launched an uprising in Huangxing, they fled the city and then back to Hong Kong.
After fierce fighting, the rebel army was defeated due to the disparity in strength. 57 people, including Lin Shituan, Fang Shengdong and Luo Jin, who died heroically in the battle, were generously killed after being arrested, including Yu Peilun and Lin Juemin, a total of 86 people.
Hu Hanmin and Zhao Sheng led 300 vanguard members to Guangzhou, and the uprising had failed, so they cried and returned. Zhao Sheng died of melancholy soon after.
Afterwards, the 72 corpses that were sacrificed and generously martyred in battle were buried by the revolutionary Pan Dawei camp in the foothills of Baiyun Mountain in the northeastern suburbs of Guangzhou (later renamed Huanghuagang), which is the famous "Huanghuagang 72 Martyrs" in modern Chinese history.
This was Sun Yat-sen's tenth uprising, known as the Xinhai (1911) Guangzhou Uprising or the "Battle of Huanghuagang", which ended in failure.
At 6 p.m. on April 28, 1911, Sun Yat-sen and Zhu Zhuowen, the big man of zhigongtang, arrived at Chicago Station from Vancouver. Western newspapers published news of the uprising one after another, and Sun Yat-sen immediately sent a telegram to Hu Hanmin in Hong Kong: "How about the comrades who have heard that things have failed?" What about the aftermath? ”
At that time, Sun Yat-sen was invited to give speeches every day and was very busy. In Hong Kong, however, there has been no reply, and Sun Yat-sen has sent three telegrams to Hu Hanmin in a week, but there is no news, and Sun Yat-sen has always had a heavy heart. A speech originally scheduled for 3 hours, but Sun Yat-sen, who has always been very upset, only spoke for one hour and was unable to continue, so that some listeners who had heard that "Mr. Sun's speech was hanging in the river" suspected that counterfeiters were taking his place.
It was not until the evening of May 3 that Sun Yat-sen finally received a call back from Hu Hanmin and learned the news that Huang Xing and others were safe and sound, that Sun Yat-sen was in a relaxed mood.
The Battle of Huanghuagang was the most severely damaged by the revolutionary party and was also the most serious since the revolution. The elite of the revolutionaries, most of the vanguards, died heroically, and some were killed after being arrested. In a passionate tone, Sun Yat-sen praised the martyrs who gave their lives at the last moment before the founding of the Republic of China:
It is also a battle, the blue blood is flying, the mighty qi is blocked, the grass and trees are sad, and the wind and clouds change color. The hearts of the people who have been stung for a long time in the country are greatly excited. The accumulation of resentment, like the angry waves, cannot be suppressed, and the Great Revolution in Wuchang will be completed in half a year. The value of the Service of Si can shock the world and cry ghosts, and live on a par with the Battle of wuchang Revolution.
