Stingray, scientific name: Potamotrygon sp. Common english name: Fresh Water Stingrayh.
Origin: South America, Peru, Brazil, Paraguay, Colombia in the waters are produced.
Generally adult fish body length of 45 ~ 200 cm, suitable for water temperature: 22 ~ 26 °C, water quality requirements: total hardness (gH): 6 ~ 9dGH, pH (pH): 6.5 ~ 7.0. In general, what kind of living environment needs to be constructed is still decided according to the quality of the stingray. At present, common varieties are pearl stingray, imperial stingray and so on.
In the biological taxonomic system, stingrays are cartilaginous fish; In the taxonomic system of animals , stingrays are fish belonging to the cartilaginous fish order. Of these , the cartilaginous fish contain the suborder Phylloscopus and the whole-headed suborder , of which stingrays are a member.
Body size: The size of the stingray is generally calculated by the diameter of the body width, and the body size can be divided into two types: round and peach shape.
Eyes: The eyes are located on the back and the two eyes are very close together, so the eye position and structure help them observe the movements of other creatures above the body. According to the difference in the size of the eye, stingrays can be divided into two categories: large-eyed stingrays and small-eyed stingrays. The eyes of the big-eyed stingray are larger and more prominent; The eyes of the small stingray are flat on the surface of the body and do not protrude. The eyes of stingrays are affected by light, and the pupil size can be adjusted by itself: when the light is strong, the pupil shrinks into a U-shape; When light is weak, the pupil dilates into a round shape.
Gill holes: Respiratory organs that use the opening of the gill hole lid to introduce fresh water streams into the gills.
Gills: the role is the same as the gill holes, and the most common gills of freshwater stingrays are 5 pairs.
Pectoral fins: Evolve into discs that provide forward momentum when agitated into waves.
Ventral fin: Auxiliary pectoral fin.
Caudal fin: Stingrays do not rely on the tail fin to advance, providing only steering, degenerating into a fairly small proportion .
Tailparts (male rays): Stingray breeding takes the form of in vivo fertilization, and the male tail fins are transformed into two tailparts. Juvenile male scrofters are inconspicuous , forming a thin needle , and as they grow , the tailcrosses become longer and thicker and curled.
Cloaca (female stingray): As the name suggests, excretion and reproduction are through this organ.
Abdominal cavity: can be observed whether the stingray eats normally.
Spiny spines: Freshwater stingrays are classified as potentially dangerous to humans because the spines on the tail stalk can be divided into single and multiple rows of spines, in fact, this spine is not used when predation. They do not actively use poisonous spines to attack people, but use self-defense when they are frightened.
Tail spines: Toxic, the edges are small serrated, and as the stingray grows, new spines will grow 3-4 times a year to replace the old thorns.
Stingrays crossing the water:
There are many aquarists due to the negligence of this step, resulting in the death of stingray, the confidence of aquarists is a great blow, affecting the confidence of continuing to raise stingrays in the future, compared to other large fish species, stingrays are quite taboo water quality to make a substantial change, so when the newly purchased stingray:
1, before the next cylinder, you can use the hospital drip with the hose with the regulating valve to slowly drip on the water, while using the liquid crystal reality thermometer and PH controller (PH test strip can also) to measure the water quality parameters on both sides, when the parameters are consistent can be entered into the cylinder, this is time-consuming and laborious, but not sloppy, for the new stingray is crucial, can make the stingray smoothly adapt to the water quality of the new environment, reduce the urgency caused by the new environment to the stingray.
2, after buying stingray, you must remember to do the action of the water before putting it into the fish tank. The method of doing water is to put the stingray in a large basin, and then add the water little by little while pumping, and when the water is full, half of the water is poured out, and then repeat the action of Fangcai. After repeating this 3-5 times, after about 2 hours, you should be able to put the stingray into the fish tank. As for the next observation, I will not say more, the observation time depends on the individual!
placket
Stingrays are easy to familiarize themselves with in their new environment, but also give it time, usually new stingrays will start cruising in the new environment within 30 minutes. New stingrays are not recommended for same-day feeding due to many factors such as bumps in transit. Feeding every other day is a good choice. When feeding, it is necessary to maintain the freshness of the food and the size of the food that the stingray can accept, and the amount of one-time feeding should be mastered at 7 minutes.
Remember: Stingrays grow day by day, not all at once. For the new stingray, the appetite is generally not very strong, the owner needs to patiently give him time and change the variety of food, let him slowly adapt to the new environment, the newly purchased stingray to maintain the state of eating less and more meals until the physical fitness of the fish recovers.
Choice of open food
(1) Hemoglobin, choosing fresh hemoglobin for stingray opening is also a good choice. (ii) Small river shrimp or black shell shrimp, in most cases, the new stingray is very interested in this kind of feed.
(3) Lamp fish, live traffic lights are also the favorite food of stingrays.
(4) Small wild fish, disinfected small wild fish is also a good choice, but it needs to be placed directly on the mouth of the stingray with water weed clips.
(5) Small Zhu Wenjin (koi), after disinfection treatment, is placed directly on the mouth of the stingray with a water weed clip, or the fins are cut off to facilitate the fish catch.
Daily food choices
(1) Zhu Wenjin: Stingray grows fast after eating, which is of great help to stingray hair color, highly recommended, suitable for tigers, black emperors, black and white, plum blossoms and other high-grade stingrays, but pay attention to disinfection, it is recommended to use special fish medicine (medicine for treating external parasites, internal parasites), put in the tank of Zhu Wenjin, generally recommended at least 3 times! Add the drug once at a time during the water change! Live fish that have been treated in this way can be fed directly! But the cost is higher.
(2) Loach: Stingray eat loach grows rapidly, but after buying back, pay attention to selection, the body surface ulcer is thrown away, it is recommended to raise in brine for more than 3 days (pay attention to changing water during the period, the same salt supplement), when feeding stingray, you must go to the head and tail, and cut into 2-3 cm small sections, to prevent loach from being swallowed by the stingray, it does not die, twisting in the stingray body, causing the stingray to die. If there is a condition for freezing, it is best to remove the surface mucosa before freezing, and to fully thaw when feeding.
(3) Shrimp: Stingray is more interested in shrimp, when feeding, it should be noted that the head of the shrimp has a sharp barbed shrimp spine, commonly known as a shrimp gun. This gun is tough and sharp and can easily stab the stingray's stomach, so it must be broken before feeding, and the shell must also be removed, which is a must. In addition, farmed shrimp under artificial conditions mostly contain chemical drugs and are not recommended to be fed. Wild river prawns are a good choice. Therefore, it is recommended to use shrimp from clean waters as much as possible as possible as feed, such as the use of artificially farmed shrimp, please fold down the shrimp head and drag it off, because for most of the shrimp, the chemical components ingested will be mostly retained in the head area. If you buy frozen shrimp from a supermarket, the method is as above.
polyculture
In addition to the alien type that licks the surface of the fish, it is not completely impossible to polyculture. Basically stingrays are almost non-aggressive, so they should be able to be polycultured with other fish. However, when considering water quality issues, it is best to raise only freshwater stingrays alone. The ideal is to be raised with fish with very different temperaments and gentle temperaments in the active water layers of the red dragon, the over-the-back and the silver dragon.
Purchasing
This question is elusive; so good or bad depends entirely on how you choose when you buy fish; the main points of the purchase are:
(1) Thin do not, thin only skin and bones, the head is still like contact lenses concave a hole in the individual, the tail stalk root protrudes 2 thorns, thorny resolute do not.
(2) The surface of the eyes and body disc is white and turbid, and some of them also peel off this fish, of course, do not want it.
(3) Do not want individuals whose edges of the disc are upturned. There is also just imported, there is no fixed water is best not to buy. Individuals in good condition are the best choice, because they are usually fully adapted to the local water quality and will be easier to raise.
Precautions
It is important to avoid burns caused by touching the heating rods, and to be careful of the thorns at the end of their tails when catching them.
(1) First talk about the part of the heater, no matter what it is, the stingray will want to wrap them up, and the heating rod is no exception. Once the stingray is burned, the part will die, and if it is serious, it will lead to death. Therefore, (heating rod jackets) are standard for stingray rearing.
(ii) Next are the spines at the tail end, their thorns are poisonous, and to this day there are not a few anchovists who have been stabbed. When we raise stingrays, if they are stabbed, we must go to the hospital for treatment. However, not every hospital in the country can be treated, so we must not touch the stingray with our bare hands, and we must be careful when feeding, changing the water, cleaning the fish tank and introducing the fish tank.
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