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VLAN间路由和VTP协议

     这些天都忙于公司的招聘,太忙了。可能还要忙上一阵子,自上个月22号才写了一篇。今天下雨没有到外面去。写了一篇贴出来:

一、拓扑图:

二、详细配置及说明:

1、首先配置各PC的IP,并指定默认网关:

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2、由于它默认就封装了dot1q 且packet tracer不支持switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q 此命令:

SW1(config)#int f0/1

SW1(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

                                ^

% Invalid input detected at '^' marker. (发现此IOS不支持此命令)

SW1(config-if)#end

SW1#sh int f0/1 switchport

Name: Fa0/1

Switchport: Enabled

Administrative Mode: dynamic auto

Operational Mode: static access

Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q

Operational Trunking Encapsulation: native

Negotiation of Trunking: On

Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)

Voice VLAN: none

Administrative private-vlan host-association: none

Administrative private-vlan mapping: none

Administrative private-vlan trunk native VLAN: none

Administrative private-vlan trunk encapsulation: dot1q (发现默认就封装成dot1q)

Administrative private-vlan trunk normal VLANs: none

Administrative private-vlan trunk private VLANs: none

Operational private-vlan: none

Trunking VLANs Enabled: ALL

Pruning VLANs Enabled: 2-1001

Capture Mode Disabled

Capture VLANs Allowed: ALL

Protected: false

Appliance trust: none

SW1#

3、为了保证管理域能够覆盖到两台交换机,我们配置SW1和SW2的trunk:

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk (在SW1上指定端口为trunk模式)

SW2(config)#int f0/2

SW2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk (在SW2上指定端口为trunk模式)

4、在R2上查看一下trunk信息:

SW2(config-if)#do sh int trunk

Port        Mode         Encapsulation  Status       Native vlan

Fa0/2       on           802.1q         trunking     1   (缺省VLAN被称为Native Vlan)

Port        Vlans allowed on trunk

Fa0/2       1-1005  (允许在trunk上传输数据的VLAN列表)

Port        Vlans allowed and active in management domain

Fa0/2       1

Port        Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned

5、在配置VTP之前,先查看一下交换机的VTP状态,以观察配置之后的变化:

SW2#sh vtp status

VTP Version                     : 2  (VTP协议的版本号为2,增加了支持令牌环交换和令牌环VLAN)

Configuration Revision          : 0  (配置的版本号,每变更一次将会增加1,为0说明没有配置)

Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255

Number of existing VLANs        : 5

VTP Operating Mode              : Server (默认情况下所有交换机都为VTP server 模式)

VTP Domain Name                 :

VTP Pruning Mode                : Disabled (VTP修剪默认关闭的)

VTP V2 Mode                     : Disabled

VTP Traps Generation            : Disabled

MD5 digest                      : 0x7D 0x5A 0xA6 0x0E 0x9A 0x72 0xA0 0x3A (VTP的密码)

Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00

Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)

6、分别在VLAN模式下配置SW1和在全局模式下配置SW2的VTP协议:

SW1#vlan database

SW1(vlan)#vtp domain wxs (配置VTP的域名为 wxs )

SW1(vlan)#vtp server  (定义VTP的模式为client)

SW1(vlan)#vtp password cisco (为了vtp的安全,配置VTP的密码为cisco)

SW2(config)#vtp domain wxs

SW2(config)#vtp mode client

SW2(config)#vtp password cisco

7、现在我们再看一下SW2的VTP状态信息:

VTP Version                     : 2

Configuration Revision          : 0 (因为没有对VLAN进行操作,故还为0)

VTP Operating Mode              : Client (VTP的操作模式从默认的server变成client)

VTP Domain Name                 : wxs (VTP域名为wxs)

VTP Pruning Mode                : Disabled

MD5 digest                      : 0x37 0x56 0xD3 0xEA 0x66 0xC8 0xA3 0x39

8、在SW1和SW2上创建VLAN:

SW1(config)#vlan 10 (在全局配置模式下创建VLAN 10)

SW1(config-vlan)#name cisco (命名为cisco)

SW1(config-vlan)#end

SW1#vlan database(同理在服务器模式交换机SW1上进入vlan database模式下)

SW1(vlan)#vlan 20 name microsoft (在vlan database模式下建立vlan 20并命名为microsoft)

9、查看一下SW1的VLAN配置信息:

SW1#sh vlan

VLAN Name                             Status    Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1    default                          active    Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/6

                                                Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

                                                Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

                                                Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

                                                Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22

                                                Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig1/1, Gig1/2

10   cisco                            active   

20   microsoft                        active  

1002 fddi-default                     act/unsup

1003 token-ring-default               act/unsup

1004 fddinet-default                  act/unsup

1005 trnet-default                    act/unsup

………………

10、查看SW2的VLAN配置信息,发现同步了VTP server角色SW1的VLAN配置信息:

SW2#sh vlan

1    default                          active    Fa0/1, Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5

                                                Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9

                                                Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13

                                                Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17

                                                Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21

                                                Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig1/1

                                                Gig1/2

20   microsoft                        active   

SW2#

11、在SW1和SW2上将相应的交换机端口加入到对应的VLAN当中:

SW1(config)#int f0/11

SW1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 (将f0/11交换机端口加入到VLAN 10 当中)

SW1(config-if)#int f0/12

SW1(config-if)#sw ac vlan 20

SW2(config)#int f0/11

SW2(config-if)#sw ac vlan 20

12、在三台PC上用ping 命令测试VLAN间的通信:

三、在R1路由器上配置单臂路由,确保两个VLAN之间能够通信。

1、为了R1和SW1仅通过一条链路就能连接多个VLAN,我们要在R1与SW1做trunk链路:

SW1(config)#int f0/5

SW1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk (因为此IOS默认就封装了dot1q,我们指定接口trunk模式)

R1(config)#int f0/0

R1(config-if)#no sh (激活此接口)

R1(config-if)#no ip address (但不要配置IP)

R1(config-if)#int f0/0.10

R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 10 (封装dot1q类型并指定VLAN,作用是出去的数据包打上10的VLAN标记,同时只接收VLAN 10 的数据包)

R1(config-subif)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 (为子接口配置IP用于VLAN 10的默认网关)

R1(config-subif)#int f0/0.20 (进入f0/0.20的子接口)

R1(config-subif)#en dot1Q 20(发出的数据包会打上20的VLAN标记,同时只接收VLAN 20 的数据包)

R1(config-subif)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0(为子接口配置IP用于VLAN 20的默认网关)

2、查看R1的路由表:

R1(config-subif)#do sh ip route

…………

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0.10 (子接口直连路由)

C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0.20

四、验证一下连通性:

 本文转自wxs-163 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/supercisco/279354