Cobbler部署指南之FAQ处理篇

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《Cobbler部署指南》系列

九、Cobbler报错处理

通过cobbler check检查出现的报错

红色标注为报错关键信息

# cobbler check

httpd does not appear to be running and proxying cobbler, or SELinux isin the way. Original traceback:

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 184, in check_setup

s.ping()

File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1096, in __call__

return self.__send(self.__name, args)

File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1383, in __request

verbose=self.__verbose

File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1129, in request

self.send_content(h, request_body)

File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1243, in send_content

connection.endheaders()

File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/httplib.py", line 804, in endheaders

self._send_output()

File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/httplib.py", line 685, in _send_output

self.send(msg)

File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/httplib.py", line 652, in send

self.connect()

File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/httplib.py", line 636, inconnect

raise socket.error, msg

error: (111, 'Connection refused')

解决启动httpd服务

service httpd start

Starting httpd: Syntax error on line 10 of /etc/httpd/conf.d/cobbler.conf:

Invalid command 'WSGIScriptAliasMatch', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration

[FAILED]#启动httpd时的报错，解决方法如下

解决

vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi.conf

去掉注释

LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so

再启动httpd服务

Starting httpd: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using x.x.x.x for ServerName

[ OK ]

再进行一些针对apache ServerName参数配置的处理

egrep "ServerName|Listen" /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf |grep -v '#'

Listen 172.17.10.14:80

ServerName 80

此步共修复七个需要处理的提示，一个一个解决

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : service dhcpd isnot running

解决：DHCP先不处理

2 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders'to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.

解决：执行 cobbler get-loaders，系统将自动下载loader程序，完成提示2的修复工作。

# cobbler get-loaders

task started: 2013-03-10_103017_get_loaders

task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Sun Mar 10 10:30:17 2013)

downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README

downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo

downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot

downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux

downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi

downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/yaboot-1.3.14-12 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot

downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.61 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0

downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/menu.c32-3.61 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32

downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi

downloading http://dgoodwin.fedorapeople.org/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi

*** TASK COMPLETE ***

3 : debmirror package isnot installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

解决：提示说debmirror没安装。如果不是安装 debian之类的系统，此提示可以忽略，如果需要安装，

安装 debmirror

yum -y install debmirror

编辑注释

修改 /etc/debmirror.conf 配置文件，注释掉 @dists 和 @arches 两行

sed -i 's|@dists=.*|#@dists=|' /etc/debmirror.conf

sed -i 's|@arches=.*|#@arches=|' /etc/debmirror.conf

4 : ksvalidator was not found, install pykickstart

解决：安装ksvalidator

yum install pykickstart -y

5 : The defaultpassword used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still setto'cobbler'and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'"to generate new one

解决：修改cobbler用户的默认密码，可以使用如下命令生成密码，并使用生成后的密码替换/etc/cobbler/settings中 default_password_crypted 的密码。

生成密码命令：

#openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here''[任意密码]'

openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here''hexun'

$1$random-p$Q1IN9LaNg7yhRKJuY50fV1

6 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

解决:安装cman工具用于电源管理

yum -y install cman

Restart cobblerd andthen run 'cobbler sync'to apply changes.

修复完毕重启cobbler服务，然后运行cobbler sync

7：修复完成以上问题后，同步信息再检查

/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart

Stopping cobbler daemon: [ OK ]

Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ]

再次检查，又报错

cobbler check

to

1 : The defaultpassword used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still setto'cobbler'and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'"to generate new one

报错原因是上面的第五个问题没完全解决，仅仅生成了密钥，没有放入cobbler主配置文件

vim /etc/cobbler/settings

default_password_crypted: "$1$random-p$Q1IN9LaNg7yhRKJuY50fV1"

再重启服务

No configuration problems found. All systems go.

执行cobbler sync

cobbler sync

task started: 2013-03-10_105055_sync

task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Mar 10 10:50:55 2013)

running pre-sync triggers

cleaning trees

removing: /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

略

received on stdout: Shutting down dhcpd: [ OK ]

Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]

received on stderr:

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

执行cobbler sync会重启相关服务，DHCP服务也会启动了，第一个提示也就解决了，下面也有说明

[root@cobbler-1014 x86_64]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart

Stopping cobbler daemon: [FAILED]

[root@cobbler-1014 x86_64]# cobbler check

执行cobbler sync即可启动dhcp服务

使用koan重装系统时报错

koan --server=172.17.10.14 --list=profiles

File "/usr/bin/koan", line 18, in ?

import koan.app as app

File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/koan/app.py", line 64, in ?

import configurator

File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/koan/configurator.py", line 36, in ?

import simplejson as json

ImportError: No module named simplejson

解决：需要安装simplejson软件包，

最新版的simplejson要求python 2.6+以上的,CntOS5.8是Python 2.4.3，所以下载的simplejson-2.0.9.tar.gz版本

<a href="https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/simplejson/simplejson-2.0.9.tar.gz" target="_blank">https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/simplejson/simplejson-2.0.9.tar.gz</a>

安装步骤:

访问外网下载文件setuptools-0.6c7-py2.4.egg

然后上传至客户机再继续安装

tar zxf simplejson-2.0.9.tar.gz

cd simplejson-2.0.9

python setup.py install

建议CentOS5.8 安装此版本的koan使用可以避免此问题

<a href="ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/epel/5/i386/koan-1.6.6-1.el5.noarch.rpm" target="_blank">ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/epel/5/i386/koan-1.6.6-1.el5.noarch.rpm</a>

koan --server=172.17.10.14 --virt-name=testvm --virt --profile=centos5.8-xen-x86_64

- looking for Cobbler at http://172.17.10.14:80/cobbler_api

- reading URL: http://172.17.10.14/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/centos5.8-xen-x86_64

install_tree: http://172.17.10.14/cblr/links/centos5.8-xen-x86_64

xen package needs to be installed

Xen 宿主机安装虚拟机时提示没有安装xen软件包

解决：

yum install xen -y

执行此命令会安装一共9个软件包，如下

Running Transaction

Installing : bridge-utils 1/9

Installing : cyrus-sasl-md5 2/9

Installing : ebtables 3/9

Installing : e4fsprogs-libs 4/9

Installing : xen-libs 5/9

Installing : libvirt 6/9

Installing : libvirt-python 7/9

Installing : python-virtinst 8/9

Installing : xen 9/9

xend needs to be started

报错原因是xend服务没有启动，执行以下命令处理

chkconfig xend on

/etc/init.d/xend start

#注意此过程会自动桥接网卡，可能出现短暂断网

libvirtd is stopped

libvirtd needs to be running

chkconfig libvirtd on

/etc/init.d/libvirtd start

libvirtd (pid 3772) is running...

downloading initrd initrd.img to /var/lib/xen/initrd.img_koan

url=http://172.17.10.14/cobbler/images/centos5.8-xen-x86_64/initrd.img

- reading URL: http://172.17.10.14/cobbler/images/centos5.8-xen-x86_64/initrd.img

downloading kernel vmlinuz to /var/lib/xen/vmlinuz_koan

url=http://172.17.10.14/cobbler/images/centos5.8-xen-x86_64/vmlinuz

- reading URL: http://172.17.10.14/cobbler/images/centos5.8-xen-x86_64/vmlinuz

- warning: old python-virtinst detected, a lot of features will be disabled

- adding disk: /var/lib/xen/images//testvm-disk0 ofsize 5 (driver type=raw)

- ['virt-install', '--connect', 'xen:///', '--name', 'testvm', '--ram', '512', '--vcpus', '1', '--uuid', '42559fd2-385f-2435-80f1-9f5005a02a81', '--autostart', '--vnc', '--paravirt', '--boot', 'kernel=/var/lib/xen/vmlinuz_koan,initrd=/var/lib/xen/initrd.img_koan,kernel_args=ks=http://172.17.10.14/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/centos5.8-xen-x86_64 ksdevice=link kssendmac lang= text ', '--os-variant', 'rhel5', '--disk', 'path=/var/lib/xen/images//testvm-disk0,size=5', '--network', 'bridge=xenbr0', '--wait', '0', '--noautoconsole']

--name NAME --ram RAM STORAGE INSTALL [options]

virt-install: error: no such option: --autostart

我安装的

系统版本:CentOS5.8 64bit

koan版本:koan-2.2.3-2.el5

xen版本：xen-3.0.3-142.el5_9.2

通过EPEL安装的koan版本为koan-2.2.3-2.el5，使用中报错较多，后更换为koan-1.6.6-1.el5此版本比较稳定，下载链接：ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/epel/5/i386/koan-1.6.6-1.el5.noarch.rpm

1 : comment 'dists'on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support

2 : comment 'arches'on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support

关于debmirror编辑注释

/usr/bin/ipmitool power status

Could notopen device at /dev/ipmi0 or /dev/ipmi/0 or /dev/ipmidev/0: No such file or directory

Unable to get Chassis Power Status

/etc/init.d/ipmi start

Starting ipmi drivers: [ OK ]

/etc/rc.d/init.d/ipmievd start

Starting ipmievd:

ipmievd: using pidfile /var/run/ipmievd.pid0

chkconfig ipmi on

chkconfig ipmievd on

再执行查看电源状态

Chassis Power ison

obbler system edit --name=host-188116 --power-address=172.17.11.20 --power-type='ipmitool' --power-user=root --power-pass=djxxxx

usage: cobbler [options]

cobbler: error: option--power-type: invalid choice: 'ipmitool' (choose from 'ack_manual', 'apc', 'apc_snmp', 'bladecenter', 'brocade', 'bullpap', 'cisco_mds', 'cisco_ucs', 'drac', 'drac5', 'egenera', 'ifmib', 'ilo', 'ilo_mp', 'ipdu', 'ipmilan', 'lpar', 'manual', 'mcdata', 'node', 'rhevm', 'rps10', 'rsa', 'rsb', 'sanbox2', 'scsi', 'scsi_test', 'tool', 'virsh', 'vixel', 'vmware', 'vmware_helper', 'vmware_soap', 'wti', 'xvm', 'xvmd')

选择合适的power类型，报错后面已经列出可选参数，我这里使用的DELL PE1950应该选择ipmilan

cobbler system edit --name=host-188116 --power-address=172.17.11.20 --power-type='ipmilan' --power-user=root --power-pass=djxxxx

电源管理相关的报错

cobbler system edit --name host-xxx --power-address=172.17.11.20 --power-type="ipmitool" --power-user=root --power-pass=passwd

power management type must be one of:

cobbler system powerstatus --name=host-xx

task started: 2013-03-28_115206_power

task started (id=Power management (status), time=Thu Mar 28 11:52:06 2013)

Exception occured: cobbler.cexceptions.CX

Exception value: 'no power type set for system'

Exception Info:

File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/utils.py", line 126, in die

raise CX(msg)

File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 89, in run

rc = self._run(self)

File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 259, in runner

self.remote.power_system(object_id,self.options.get("power",""),token,logger=self.logger)

File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 1919, in power_system

rc=self.api.power_status(obj, user=None, password=None, logger=logger)

File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/api.py", line 1041, in power_status

return action_power.PowerTool(self._config, system, self, user, password, logger = logger).power("status")

File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/action_power.py", line 74, in power

utils.die(self.logger,"no power type set for system")

File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/utils.py", line 134, in die

!!! TASK FAILED !!!

cobbler system powerstatus --name=host-188116

task started: 2013-03-28_124153_power

task started (id=Power management (status), time=Thu Mar 28 12:41:53 2013)

cobbler power configuration is:

type : ipmilan

address: 172.17.11.20

user : root

id :

running: /usr/sbin/fence_ipmilan

received on stdout: Getting status of IPMI:172.17.11.20...Chassis power = On

Done

Exception value: "command succeeded (rc=0), but output ('Getting status of IPMI:172.17.11.20...Chassis power = On\nDone\n') was not understood"

File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/action_power.py", line 116, in power

utils.die(self.logger,"command succeeded (rc=%s), but output ('%s') was not understood" % (rc, output))

解决方法详见步骤8.2、8.3，详细如下：

yum install cman -y

Cobbler代码维护者jimi告知：某些系统版本将执行程序安装在/sbin/目录下，通过rpm -ql cman查看，CentOS5.8下如此解决即可

ln -s /sbin/fence_* /usr/sbin/

备份

cp/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/action_power.py /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/action_power.py.$(date +%F)

编辑

vim /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/action_power.py

删除或注释此文件如下代码

utils.die(self.logger,"command succeeded (rc=%s), but output ('%s') was not understood" % (rc, output))

删除文件action_power.pyo 、 action_power.pyc

这两个文件在目录/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cobbler/下

重启cobbler，注意一定是重启cobbler

cobbler reboot

步骤8.2、8.3是我在使用电源管理中发现的问题，后通过github与Cobbler代码维护者jimi沟通解决的，非常感谢他的帮助，详见

<a href="https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/issues/426" target="_blank">https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/issues/426</a>

10. DHCP非Cobbler本机

因为有的同学生产环境已有DHCP服务，Cobbler本机可以不用再安装配置DHCP，步骤如下：

配置不管理DHCP

manage_dhcp: 0

重启cobbler

检查配置

cobbler check

同步配置

DHCP服务配置next-server 指向cobbler服务器IP即可，例如

subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask255.255.255.0 {

range 192.168.10. 192.168.10.240;

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

option routers 192.168.10.254;

next-server 192.168.4.194;

filename"pxelinux.0";

}

《Cobbler部署指南》参考资料：

<a href="https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki" target="_blank">https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki</a>

cobbler、koan man手册及help命令帮助

《Cobbler部署指南》系列至此告一段落，更多内容请一起交流或参考Cobbler github。

本文转自pandazhai 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/dreamway/1167078