简述：通过配置cobbler自动部署DHCP、TFTP、HTTP，在安装过程中加载kiskstart无人值守安装应答文件实现无人值守。从客户端使用PXE引导启动安装。
1. 安装相关软件：
wget http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.1-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.5.1-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm
yum -y install cobbler tftp-server dhcp httpd xinetd
注意 /var/www/cobbler 目录必须具有足够容纳 Linux 安装文件的空间(移动，建软链接)
#ln -s /cobbler /var/www
2. 检查 cobbler 配置：
cobbler check
按提示解决相关问题，把 /var/lib/cobbler/settings 中的 server 和 next_server 设为本服务器的 IP 地址，manage_dhcp 设为 1，以便管理 DHCP
将 /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 中 disable = no
3. 导入CentOS 安装 DVD ISO 中的文件：
mount -o loop /home/dtm/CentOS-5.5-x86_64-bin-DVD.iso /mnt/iso # 将ISO文件挂载到 /mnt/iso 目录
cobbler import --mirror=/mnt/iso --name=centos5.5 # 从 /mnt/iso目录导入所有安装文件，命名为 centos5.5
cobbler distro list # 查看导入结果
[root@elain www]# cobbler distro list
centos5.5-x86_64
centos5.5-xen-x86_64
-------------------------------
cobbler目录及文件
cobbler相关配置文件: /etc/cobbler
cobbler数据存储目录: /var/www/cobbler
dhcp配置文件: /etc/dhcpd.conf
dhcp租期缓存文件: /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
pxe配置文件: /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
ks模板文件: /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts
--------------------------------
4. 修改 DHCP 和 Kickstart 配置模板：
vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template # DHCP 配置模板，根据提示修改下面模板
vi /etc/dhcpd.conf
################################
ddns-update-style interim;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
ignore client-updates;
set vendorclass = option vendor-class-identifier;
subnet 192.168.8.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.8.92;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.8.10 192.168.8.254;
filename "/pxelinux.0";
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server 192.168.8.92;
}
###############################
vi /etc/cobbler/kickstart_fc6.ks # Kickstart 配置模板
#####################
#platform=x86, AMD64, 或 Intel EM64T
#created by elain
#date:2010.06.27
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang zh_CN
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# Use network installation
url --url=http://192.168.8.92/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.5
# Network information
network --bootproto=bootp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# Reboot after installation
reboot
#Root password
rootpw elain
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Chongqing
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Disk partitioning information(根据不同服务需求更改分区大小）
part /boot --asprimary --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext3" --grow --maxsize=512 --size=1
part / --asprimary --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext3" --grow --maxsize=81920 --size=1
part swap --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="swap" --grow --maxsize=81920 --size=1
part /elain --bytes-per-inode=4096 --fstype="ext3" --grow --size=1
%packages
@ development-libs
@ development-tools
@ admin-tools
@ system-tools
@ x-software-development
@ base
@ chinese-support
@ editors
%post
#优化
echo "NETWORKING=yes" >/etc/sysconfig/network
echo "HOSTNAME=elain" >>/etc/sysconfig/network
echo "nameserver 172.168.32.18" >/etc/resolv.conf
echo "nameserver 202.106.0.20" >>/etc/resolv.conf
cd /root/
rm -rf install.log anaconda-ks.cfg install.log.syslog
mkdir {tools,scripts,bak,conf_bak}
mkdir -p /elain/{apps,data,logs,backup}
touch "请保持服务器整洁，操作后无用的文件及时清理"
#添加用户
groupadd -g 600 elainadmin
useradd -g elainadmin elainadmin -u 600 -p 'elainadmin!@#'
#允许sodu
echo "elainadmin ALL=(ALL) PASSWD: ALL" >>/etc/sudoers
#连接超时1小时
echo "TMOUT=3600" >>/etc/profile
source /etc/profile
#禁止提示接收邮件
echo "unset MAILCHECK" >> /etc/profile
#禁止按CTRL+ALT+DEL重启
sed -i s/^ca/\#ca/g /etc/inittab
#解决SSH登录慢的问题
echo "UseDNS no" >>/etc/ssh/sshd_config
/etc/init.d/sshd restart
#默认VI为VIM
echo "alias vi='vim'" >>/root/.bashrc
echo "alias vi='vim'" >>/home/elainadmin/.bashrc
. /root/.bashrc
. /home/elainadmin/.bashrc
#关闭不必要的服务
for service in `chkconfig --list|awk '{print $1}'|egrep -v "^$"|awk -F ":" '{print $1}'`; do chkconfig $service off;done
for service in crond sshd syslog network; do chkconfig $service on;done
#################################
5. 生成并同步所有配置：
cobbler sync
注：每次更改Kickstart 配置文件，都需要使用cobbler sync重新同步所有配置
6. 启动相关服务：
/etc/init.d/httpd start
/etc/init.d/xinetd start
/etc/init.d/dhcpd start
/etc/init.d/cobblerd start
7.客户端启动PXE 安装
启动另一台新服务器，通过 PXE 启动进入，提示"boot:"时输入"menu"即可进入蓝色的 Cobbler 安装界面，选择安装项，自动完成系统安装。
http方式安装：服务器:192.168.9.101 目录:/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos/
8.重装系统：
在要重装的机器安装koan
yum install koan
查看cobbler服务器有哪些安装盘
koan --list-profiles --server=192.168.9.101
选择要重装的系统并重启
koan --replace-self --server=192.168.9.101 --profile=centos5.5
reboot
附上服务控制脚本：
[root@elain ~]# cat cobbler.sh
#!/bin/sh
# created by dingtm
# date: 2010.12.31
case $1 in
start)
/etc/init.d/httpd start
/etc/init.d/xinetd start
/etc/init.d/dhcpd start
/etc/init.d/cobblerd start
;;
stop)
/etc/init.d/httpd stop
/etc/init.d/xinetd stop
/etc/init.d/dhcpd stop
/etc/init.d/cobblerd stop
status)
/etc/init.d/httpd status
/etc/init.d/xinetd status
/etc/init.d/dhcpd status
/etc/init.d/cobblerd status
;;
sync)
cobbler sync
;;
*)
echo "Input error,please in put 'start|stop|status|sync'!";
exit 2>&1 >/dev/null &
;;
esac
参考文档：
http://oss.org.cn/ossdocs/gnu_linux/redhat/rhl-cg-zh_CN-9/s1-kickstart2-options.html
另附上kickstarts配置文件，附件可下载
<a href="http://down.51cto.com/data/2358575" target="_blank">附件：http://down.51cto.com/data/2358575</a>
本文转自 elain2012 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/elain/613745
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