1.下载mycat:
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MyCATApache/Mycat-download/master/1.5-RELEASE/Mycat-server-1.5-RELEASE-20160301083012-linux.tar.gz
2.安装mycat:
tar -zxvf Mycat-server-1.5-GA-20160225120029-linux.tar.gz mv mycat /srv/mycat-1.5 ln -s mycat-1.5 mycat
3.配置java环境变量:
which java 在bin/startup_nowrap.sh文件中找到noJavaHome=false行下并增加如下内容: JAVA_HOME=Java_home的实际路径
4.配置conf/schema.xml文件:
该文件主要配置读写分离数据库的连接地址信息,具体如下: root@ebj-rd-02:/srv/mycat/conf# cat schema.xml <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://org.opencloudb/"> <schema name="mydb" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1"/> <dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="test" /> <dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="50" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="-1" > <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <writeHost host="host_3320" url="127.0.0.1:3320" user="root" password="password"> <readHost host="host_3321" url="127.0.0.1:3321" user="root" password="password"/> <readHost host="host_3322" url="127.0.0.1:3322" user="root" password="password"/> </writeHost> </dataHost> </mycat:schema>
文件终于参数说明: 这里mydb 就是我们对外声称的我们有数据库的名称 必须和server.xml中的用户指定的数据库名称一致 添加一个dataNode="dn1" 是指定了我们这个库只在dn1上.没有进行分库 sqlMaxLimit表示sql语句最大返回的结果集的大小; writeHost和readHost配置的是实际的读数据库和写数据库的IP地址端口,用户名及密码; balance 属性负载均衡类型,目前的取值有 4 种: 1. balance="0", 不开启读写分离机制,所有读操作都发送到当前可用的 writeHost 上。 2. balance="1",全部的 readHost 与 stand by writeHost 参与 select 语句的负载均衡, 简单的说,当双主双从模式(M1 ->S1 , M2->S2,并且 M1 与 M2 互为主备),正常情况下, M2,S1,S2 都参与 select 语句的负载均衡。 3. balance="2",所有读操作都随机的在 writeHost、 readhost 上分发。 4. balance="3", 所有读请求随机的分发到 wiriterHost 对应的 readhost 执行,writerHost 不负担读压力,注意 balance=3 只在 1.4 及其以后版本有, 1.3 没有。 writeType 属性,目前的取值有 3 种: 1. writeType="0", 所有写操作发送到配置的第一个 writeHost,第一个挂了切到还生存的第二个 writeHost,重新启动后已切换后的为准,切换记录在配置文件中:dnindex.properties . 2. writeType="1",所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的 writeHost。 3. writeType="2",没实现。 switchType 属性 - -1 表示不自动切换 - 1 默认值,自动切换 - 2 基于MySQL 主从同步的状态决定是否切换
5配置 server.xml
该文件主要配置的是mycat的用户名和密码及mycat的端口号信息配置,mycat的用户名和密码和mysql的用户名密码是分开的,应用连接mycat就用这个用户名和密码。 root@ebj-rd-02:/srv/mycat/conf# cat server.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations under the License. --> <!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd"> <mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://org.opencloudb/"> <system> <property name="defaultSqlParser">druidparser</property> <property name="serverPort">18066</property> <property name="managerPort">19066</property> <property name="charset">utf8</property> <property name="idleTimeout">30000000</property> <!-- <property name="useCompression">1</property>--> <!--1为开启mysql压缩协议--> <!-- <property name="processorBufferChunk">40960</property> --> <!-- <property name="processors">1</property> <property name="processorExecutor">32</property> --> <!--默认是65535 64K 用于sql解析时最大文本长度 --> <!--<property name="maxStringLiteralLength">65535</property>--> <!--<property name="sequnceHandlerType">0</property>--> <!--<property name="backSocketNoDelay">1</property>--> <!--<property name="frontSocketNoDelay">1</property>--> <!--<property name="processorExecutor">16</property>--> <!-- <property name="mutiNodeLimitType">1</property> 0:开启小数量级(默认) ;1:开启亿级数据排序 <property name="mutiNodePatchSize">100</property> 亿级数量排序批量 <property name="processors">32</property> <property name="processorExecutor">32</property> <property name="serverPort">8066</property> <property name="managerPort">9066</property> <property name="idleTimeout">300000</property> <property name="bindIp">0.0.0.0</property> <property name="frontWriteQueueSize">4096</property> <property name="processors">32</property> --> </system> <user name="test"> <property name="password">test_123</property> <property name="schemas">mydb</property> </user> <user name="user"> <property name="password">user_123</property> <property name="readOnly">true</property> <quarantine> <whitehost> <host host="127.0.0.1" user="mycat"/> <host host="127.0.0.2" user="mycat"/> </whitehost> <blacklist check="false"></blacklist> </quarantine> --> </mycat:server> serverPort设置mycat的服务端口,默认为8066; managerPort设置mycat的管理端口,默认为9066; idleTimeout设置mycat的空闲超时时间; user设置mycat的访问相关schema的用户名及密码;
6.配置日志文件的路径及日志级别:
root@ebj-rd-02:/srv/mycat/conf# cat log4j.xml <!-- - Copyright 1999-2012 Alibaba Group. - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); - you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You may obtain a copy of the License at - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software - distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations under the License. --> <!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd"> <log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/"> <appender name="ConsoleAppender" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender"> <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout"> <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d{MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} %5p [%t] (%F:%L) -%m%n" /> </layout> </appender> <appender name="FILE" class="org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender"> <param name="file" value="/data/log/mycat/mycat.log" /> <param name="Append" value="false"/> <param name="MaxFileSize" value="1000KB"/> <param name="MaxBackupIndex" value="10"/> <param name="encoding" value="UTF-8" /> <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout"> <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d{MM/dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} %5p [%t] (%F:%L) -%m%n" /> </layout> </appender> <root> <level value="info" /> <appender-ref ref="FILE" /> <!--<appender-ref ref="FILE" />--> </root> </log4j:configuration> <level value="debug" />表示设置mycat的日志级别为调试模式,默认为info; <param name="file" value="/data/log/mycat/mycat.log" />表示设置mycat的日志文件路径为/data/log/mycat/mycat.log
7.mycat日常管理
root@ebj-rd-02:/srv/mycat# ./bin/mycat --help Usage: ./bin/mycat { console | start | stop | restart | status | dump } 登录mycat读写分离服务: mysql -utest -ptest_123 -P18066 -h127.0.0.1 登录mycat管理端: mysql -utest -ptest_123 -P19066 -h127.0.0.1 在事务中,通过/*balance*/强制读取主数据库数据: MySQL [mydb]> begin; MySQL [mydb]> /*balance*/select * from mytest1; MySQL [mydb]> commit; 查看mycat管理端的命令帮助: MySQL [(none)]> show @@help;
8.部署中的异常处理:
MySQL [(none)]> use test; Database changed MySQL [test]> show tables; ERROR 1184 (HY000): Unknown charsetIndex:192 MySQL [test]> select * from mytest; MySQL [test]> exit 该异常是字符集问题引起的数据库不能连接成功 在conf/index_to_charset.properties文件中增加与自己mysql服务器匹配的字符集即可: root@ebj-rd-02:/srv/mycat/conf# tail -1 index_to_charset.properties 192=utf8 root@ebj-rd-02:/srv/mycat/conf#