1、最简单
import urllib.request
response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://python.org/')
html = response.read()
2、使用 Request
req = urllib.request.Request('http://python.org/')
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
the_page = response.read()
3、发送数据
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/_0nNw4CM6IyYiwiM6ICdiwiIml2ZuQWZzUTOhljM0cTO2ATOwATNxMWM1EWYxEjY5ADNlFTNfdWbp9CXt92Yu4GZjlGbh5SZslmZxl3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
#! /usr/bin/env python3
import urllib.parse
url = 'http://localhost/login.php'
user_agent = 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT)'
values = {
'act' : 'login',
'login[email]' : '[email protected]',
'login[password]' : '123456'
}
data = urllib.parse.urlencode(values)
req = urllib.request.Request(url, data)
req.add_header('Referer', 'http://www.python.org/')
print(the_page.decode("utf8"))
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/_0nNw4CM6IyYiwiM6ICdiwiIml2ZuQWZzUTOhljM0cTO2ATOwATNxMWM1EWYxEjY5ADNlFTNfdWbp9CXt92Yu4GZjlGbh5SZslmZxl3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
4、发送数据和header
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/_0nNw4CM6IyYiwiM6ICdiwiIml2ZuQWZzUTOhljM0cTO2ATOwATNxMWM1EWYxEjY5ADNlFTNfdWbp9CXt92Yu4GZjlGbh5SZslmZxl3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
headers = { 'User-Agent' : user_agent }
req = urllib.request.Request(url, data, headers)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/_0nNw4CM6IyYiwiM6ICdiwiIml2ZuQWZzUTOhljM0cTO2ATOwATNxMWM1EWYxEjY5ADNlFTNfdWbp9CXt92Yu4GZjlGbh5SZslmZxl3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
5、http 错误
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/_0nNw4CM6IyYiwiM6ICdiwiIml2ZuQWZzUTOhljM0cTO2ATOwATNxMWM1EWYxEjY5ADNlFTNfdWbp9CXt92Yu4GZjlGbh5SZslmZxl3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
req = urllib.request.Request('http://www.python.org/fish.html')
try:
urllib.request.urlopen(req)
except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
print(e.code)
print(e.read().decode("utf8"))
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/_0nNw4CM6IyYiwiM6ICdiwiIml2ZuQWZzUTOhljM0cTO2ATOwATNxMWM1EWYxEjY5ADNlFTNfdWbp9CXt92Yu4GZjlGbh5SZslmZxl3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
6、异常处理1
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/_0nNw4CM6IyYiwiM6ICdiwiIml2ZuQWZzUTOhljM0cTO2ATOwATNxMWM1EWYxEjY5ADNlFTNfdWbp9CXt92Yu4GZjlGbh5SZslmZxl3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
from urllib.error import URLError, HTTPError
req = Request("http://twitter.com/")
response = urlopen(req)
except HTTPError as e:
print('The server couldn\'t fulfill the request.')
print('Error code: ', e.code)
except URLError as e:
print('We failed to reach a server.')
print('Reason: ', e.reason)
else:
print("good!")
print(response.read().decode("utf8"))
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/_0nNw4CM6IyYiwiM6ICdiwiIml2ZuQWZzUTOhljM0cTO2ATOwATNxMWM1EWYxEjY5ADNlFTNfdWbp9CXt92Yu4GZjlGbh5SZslmZxl3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
7、异常处理2
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/_0nNw4CM6IyYiwiM6ICdiwiIml2ZuQWZzUTOhljM0cTO2ATOwATNxMWM1EWYxEjY5ADNlFTNfdWbp9CXt92Yu4GZjlGbh5SZslmZxl3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
from urllib.error import URLError
if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/_0nNw4CM6IyYiwiM6ICdiwiIml2ZuQWZzUTOhljM0cTO2ATOwATNxMWM1EWYxEjY5ADNlFTNfdWbp9CXt92Yu4GZjlGbh5SZslmZxl3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
8、HTTP 认证
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/_0nNw4CM6IyYiwiM6ICdiwiIml2ZuQWZzUTOhljM0cTO2ATOwATNxMWM1EWYxEjY5ADNlFTNfdWbp9CXt92Yu4GZjlGbh5SZslmZxl3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
# create a password manager
password_mgr = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
# Add the username and password.
# If we knew the realm, we could use it instead of None.
top_level_url = "https://cms.tetx.com/"
password_mgr.add_password(None, top_level_url, 'yzhang', 'cccddd')
handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr)
# create "opener" (OpenerDirector instance)
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
# use the opener to fetch a URL
a_url = "https://cms.tetx.com/"
x = opener.open(a_url)
print(x.read())
# Install the opener.
# Now all calls to urllib.request.urlopen use our opener.
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
a = urllib.request.urlopen(a_url).read().decode('utf8')
print(a)
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/_0nNw4CM6IyYiwiM6ICdiwiIml2ZuQWZzUTOhljM0cTO2ATOwATNxMWM1EWYxEjY5ADNlFTNfdWbp9CXt92Yu4GZjlGbh5SZslmZxl3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
9、使用代理
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/_0nNw4CM6IyYiwiM6ICdiwiIml2ZuQWZzUTOhljM0cTO2ATOwATNxMWM1EWYxEjY5ADNlFTNfdWbp9CXt92Yu4GZjlGbh5SZslmZxl3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'sock5': 'localhost:1080'})
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support)
a = urllib.request.urlopen("http://g.cn").read().decode("utf8")
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/_0nNw4CM6IyYiwiM6ICdiwiIml2ZuQWZzUTOhljM0cTO2ATOwATNxMWM1EWYxEjY5ADNlFTNfdWbp9CXt92Yu4GZjlGbh5SZslmZxl3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
10、超时
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/_0nNw4CM6IyYiwiM6ICdiwiIml2ZuQWZzUTOhljM0cTO2ATOwATNxMWM1EWYxEjY5ADNlFTNfdWbp9CXt92Yu4GZjlGbh5SZslmZxl3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)
import socket
# timeout in seconds
timeout = 2
socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout)
# this call to urllib.request.urlopen now uses the default timeout
# we have set in the socket module
req = urllib.request.Request('http://twitter.com/')
a = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read()
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/_0nNw4CM6IyYiwiM6ICdiwiIml2ZuQWZzUTOhljM0cTO2ATOwATNxMWM1EWYxEjY5ADNlFTNfdWbp9CXt92Yu4GZjlGbh5SZslmZxl3Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.gif)