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Unix/Linux shell脚本中 “set -e” 的作用

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<code>#!/bin/bash</code>

<code>set</code> <code>-e</code>

<code>command</code> <code>1</code>

<code>command</code> <code>2</code>

<code>...</code>

<code>exit</code> <code>0</code>

----------------------------------------------------------

Every script you write should include set -e at the top. This tells bash that it should exit the script if any statement returns a non-true return value. The benefit of using -e is that it prevents errors snowballing into serious issues when they could have been caught earlier. Again, for readability you may want to use set -o errexit.

你写的每个脚本都应该在文件开头加上set -e,这句语句告诉bash如果任何语句的执行结果不是true则应该退出。这样的好处是防止错误像滚雪球般变大导致一个致命的错误,而这些错误本应该在之前就被处理掉。如果要增加可读性,可以使用set -o errexit,它的作用与set -e相同。

Using -e gives you error checking for free. If you forget to check something, bash will do it for you. Unfortunately it means you can't check $? as bash will never get to the checking code if it isn't zero. There are other constructs you could use:

使用-e帮助你检查错误。如果你忘记检查(执行语句的结果),bash会帮你执行。不幸的是,你将无法检查$?,因为如果执行的语句不是返回0,bash将无法执行到检查的代码。你可以使用其他的结构:

<code>command</code>  

<code>if</code> <code>[ </code><code>"$?"</code><code>-</code><code>ne</code> <code>0]; </code><code>then</code>   

<code>   </code><code>echo</code> <code>"command failed"</code><code>;   </code>

<code>   </code><code>exit</code> <code>1;   </code>

<code>fi</code>

could be replaced with

能够被代替为

<code>command</code> <code>|| { </code><code>echo</code> <code>"command failed"</code><code>; </code><code>exit</code> <code>1; }</code>

 说明:|| command未执行成功,则执行 { echo "command failed"; exit 1; }

or

或者

<code>if</code> <code>! </code><code>command</code><code>; </code><code>then</code>  

<code>    </code><code>echo</code> <code>"command failed"</code><code>;   </code>

What if you have a command that returns non-zero or you are not interested in its return value? You can use command || true, or if you have a longer section of code, you can turn off the error checking, but I recommend you use this sparingly.

如果你有一个命令返回非0或者你对语句执行的结果不关心,那你可以使用command || true,或者你有一段很长的代码,你可以关闭错误检查(不使用set -e),但是我还是建议你保守地使用这个语句。

本文转自 Mr_sheng 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/sf1314/2062713

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