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Index API 允许我们存储一个JSON格式的文档，使数据可以被搜索。文档通过index、type、id唯一确定。我们可以自己提供一个id，或者也使用Index API 为我们自动生成一个。
这里有几种不同的方式来产生JSON格式的文档(document)：
（1）手动方式，使用原生的byte[]或者String
（2）使用Map方式，会自动转换成与之等价的JSON
（3）使用第三方库来序列化beans，如Jackson
（4）使用内置的帮助类 XContentFactory.jsonBuilder()
1. 手动方式
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/**
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* 手动方式 产生JSON 索引文档
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* @param client
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* @param index
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* @param type
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* @param id
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* @param json
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*/
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public static boolean indexDocByJSON(Client client, String index, String type, String id, String json) {
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// Index
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IndexRequestBuilder indexRequestBuilder = client.prepareIndex();
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indexRequestBuilder.setIndex(index);
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indexRequestBuilder.setType(type);
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indexRequestBuilder.setId(id);
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indexRequestBuilder.setSource(json);
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indexRequestBuilder.setTTL(8000);
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// 执行
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IndexResponse indexResponse = indexRequestBuilder.get();
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return indexResponse.isCreated();
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}
测试，下面代码存储梅西信息到索引为football-index，类型为football-type，id为1的文档中：
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@Test
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public void indexDocByJSON() throws Exception {
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String index = "football-index";
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String type = "football-type";
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String id = "1";
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String json = "{" +
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"\"club\":\"巴萨罗那\"," +
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"\"country\":\"阿根廷\"," +
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"\"name\":\"梅西\"" +
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"}";
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boolean result = IndexDocAPI.indexDocByJSON(client, index, type , id, json);
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logger.info("--------- indexDocByJSON {}", result);
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}
2. Map方式
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/**
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* 使用Map 产生JSON 索引文档
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* @param client
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* @param index
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* @param type
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* @param id
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*/
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public static boolean indexDocByMap(Client client, String index, String type, String id, Map<String, Object> map) {
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// Index
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IndexRequestBuilder indexRequestBuilder = client.prepareIndex();
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indexRequestBuilder.setIndex(index);
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indexRequestBuilder.setType(type);
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indexRequestBuilder.setId(id);
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indexRequestBuilder.setSource(map);
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indexRequestBuilder.setTTL(8000);
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// 执行
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IndexResponse indexResponse = indexRequestBuilder.get();
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return indexResponse.isCreated();
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}
测试，下面代码存储穆勒信息到索引为football-index，类型为football-type，id为2的文档中：
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@Test
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public void indexDocByMap() throws Exception {
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String index = "football-index";
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String type = "football-type";
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String id = "2";
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Map<String, Object> map = Maps.newHashMap();
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map.put("name", "穆勒");
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map.put("club", "拜仁慕尼黑俱乐部");
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map.put("country", "德国");
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boolean result = IndexDocAPI.indexDocByMap(client, index, type , id, map);
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logger.info("--------- indexDocByMap {}", result);
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}
3. 序列化方式
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/**
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* 利用Json序列化 产生JSON 索引文档
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*
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* @param client
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* @param index
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* @param type
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* @param id
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*/
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public static boolean indexDocByBean(Client client, String index, String type, String id, Object bean) {
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// Bean转换为字节
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ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
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byte[] json;
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try {
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json = mapper.writeValueAsBytes(bean);
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} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
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logger.error("---------- json 转换失败 Bean:{}", bean.toString());
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return false;
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}
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// Index
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IndexRequestBuilder indexRequestBuilder = client.prepareIndex();
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indexRequestBuilder.setIndex(index);
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indexRequestBuilder.setType(type);
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indexRequestBuilder.setId(id);
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indexRequestBuilder.setSource(json);
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indexRequestBuilder.setTTL(8000);
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// 执行
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IndexResponse response = indexRequestBuilder.get();
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return response.isCreated();
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}
测试，下面代码存储卡卡信息到索引为football-index，类型为football-type，id为3的文档中：
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@Test
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public void indexDocByBean() throws Exception {
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String index = "football-index";
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String type = "football-type";
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String id = "3";
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FootballPlayer footballPlayer = new FootballPlayer();
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footballPlayer.setName("卡卡");
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footballPlayer.setClub("奥兰多城俱乐部");
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footballPlayer.setCountry("巴西");
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boolean result = IndexDocAPI.indexDocByBean(client, index, type , id, footballPlayer);
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logger.info("--------- indexDocByBean {}", result);
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}
4. XContentBuilder帮助类方式
ElasticSearch提供了一个内置的帮助类XContentBuilder来产生JSON文档
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/**
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* 使用帮助类XContentBuilder 产生JSON 索引文档
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* @param client
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* @param index
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* @param type
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* @param id
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* @param xContentBuilder
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* @return
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*/
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public static boolean indexDocByXContentBuilder(Client client, String index, String type, String id, XContentBuilder xContentBuilder) {
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// Index
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IndexRequestBuilder indexRequestBuilder = client.prepareIndex();
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indexRequestBuilder.setIndex(index);
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indexRequestBuilder.setType(type);
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indexRequestBuilder.setId(id);
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indexRequestBuilder.setSource(xContentBuilder);
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indexRequestBuilder.setTTL(8000);
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// 执行
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IndexResponse response = indexRequestBuilder.get();
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return response.isCreated();
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}
测试，下面代码存储托雷斯信息到索引为football-index，类型为football-type，id为4的文档中：
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@Test
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public void indexDocByXContentBuilder() throws Exception {
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String index = "football-index";
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String type = "football-type";
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String id = "4";
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XContentBuilder xContentBuilder;
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try {
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xContentBuilder = XContentFactory.jsonBuilder();
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xContentBuilder
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.startObject()
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.field("name", "托雷斯")
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.field("club", "马德里竞技俱乐部")
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.field("country", "西班牙")
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.endObject();
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} catch (IOException e) {
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logger.error("----------indexDocByXContentBuilder create xContentBuilder failed", e);
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return;
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}
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boolean result = IndexDocAPI.indexDocByXContentBuilder(client, index, type, id, xContentBuilder);
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logger.info("--------- indexDocByXContentBuilder result {}", result);
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}
备注：
你还可以通过startArray(string)和endArray()方法添加数组。.field()方法可以接受多种对象类型。你可以给它传递数字、日期、甚至其他XContentBuilder对象。
参考：
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/java-api/current/java-docs-index.html#java-docs-index-generate![Java String.format方法的简单使用[图]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)