天天看点

《Linux Shell脚本攻略》 笔记 第四章:高效文本处理

第四章:高效文本处理

1、IP地址的正则表达式: [0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}

2、grep用法

//在多级目录中对文本进行递归检索
[root@localhost program_test]# grep "yang" ./ -Rn
./test.txt:6:laoyang
./right.txt:1:1 yang man
//忽略大小写匹配
[root@localhost program_test]# echo hello world | grep -i "HELLO"
hello world
//递归搜索所有.c和.cpp文件
[root@localhost program_test]# grep "main()" . -r --include *.{c,cpp}
./hello.c:int main()
sin.c:int main()
hello.cpp:int main()

//匹配某个结果之后的几行
[root@localhost program_test]# echo -e "a\nb\nc\na\nb\nc"| grep a -A 1
a
b
--
a
b           

3、cut命令

cut,将文本按照列进行切割的小工具。

//-d分界符; -f要提取的列

[root@localhost program_test]# cut -d ":" -f5 --complement passwd_yang
root:x:0:0:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:/bin:/sbin/nologin

[root@localhost program_test]# cut -c1-5 passwd_yang 
root:
bin:x
daemo
adm:x           

//统计特定文件中的词频

[root@localhost program_test]# cat word_freq.sh 
#!/bin/bash

if [ $# -ne 1 ];
then
echo "Usage: $0 filename"
exit -1
fi

filename=$1

egrep -o "\b[[:alpha:]]+\b" $filename | \
awk '{ count[$0]++ } \
END { printf("%-14s%s\n","word","Count");\
for(ind in count) \
{ printf("%-14s%d\n",ind,count[ind]); } }'           

4、sed命令(stream editor 流编辑器)

适用文本处理.

//1.替换,从第3个开始替换

[root@localhost program_test]# echo this thisthisthis | sed 's/this/THIS/3g'
this thisTHISTHIS\           

//2.删掉空白行

[root@localhost program_test]# sed '/^$/d' choice.sh           

//3.已匹配的字符串标记&

[root@localhost program_test]# echo this is an example | sed 's/\w\+/[&]/g'
[this] [is] [an] [example]           

//4.替换举例.

[root@localhost program_test]# cat sed_data.txt 
11 abc 111 this 9 file contains 111 11 88 numbers 0000
[root@localhost program_test]# cat sed_data.txt | sed 's/\b[0-9]\{3\}\b/NUMBER3/g'
11 abc NUMBER3 this 9 file contains NUMBER3 11 88 numbers 0000           

//5.实战举例

获取ntp同步的错误信息(假定当前设备没有联网)

举例一:ntpdate 8.8.8.8

15 Jan 07:28:26 ntpdate[7137]: bind() fails: Permission denied           

举例二:ntpdate google.com

[root@localhost cutDemo]# ntpdate msf22.com
Error resolving msf22.com: Name or service not known (-2)
15 Jan 07:30:54 ntpdate[7169]: Can't find host msf22.com: Name or service not known (-2)
15 Jan 07:30:54 ntpdate[7169]: no servers can be used, exiting           

想获取[71**]:后的出错信息,之前的删除。脚本如下:

[root@localhost cutDemo]# ntpdate msft22.com 2>&1  | sed 's/.*\]\: //g' 
Error resolving msft22.com: Name or service not known (-2)
Can't find host msft22.com: Name or service not known (-2)
no servers can be used, exiting           

解释: ntpdate  msft22.com 2>&1  //2>&1 标准输错重定向到标准输出。

sed 's/.*]: //g'  //删除文件中"]:"前面的字符串。

5、awk工具,用于数据流,对列、行进行操作。

//1)、awk的实现方式

[root@localhost program_test]# echo -e "line1\nline2" | awk 'BEGIN { print "begin...\n" } { print } END { print "end...\n" }'
begin...

line1
line2
end...           

//2)、awk实现累加求和

[root@localhost program_test]# seq 5 | awk 'BEGIN { sum=0; print "summary:" } { print $1"+"; sum+=$1; } END { print "=="sum }'
summary:
1+
2+
3+
4+
5+
==15           

//3)、awk 设定定界符.

//-F 定界符  $NF 一行中的最后一个字段

[root@localhost program_test]# awk -F: '{ 
print $1 "\t" $NF }' /etc/passwd
root /bin/bash
bin /sbin/nologin
daemon /sbin/nologin           

//4)、打印文件中的每个字母

[root@localhost program_test]# cat read_each_word.sh 

cat hello.c | \
( while read line;
do 
#echo $line;
for word in $line;
do
#echo $word;
for((i=0;i<${#word};i++))
do
echo ${word:i:1} ;
done
done
done )           

//5)、打印第4-6行内容

[root@localhost program_test]# seq 100 | awk 'NR==4, NR==6'
4
5
6           

//6)、awk实现类似tac逆序的功能.

[root@localhost program_test]# seq 9 | awk '{ lifo[NR]=$0; lno=NR } END { print "NR = " NR; for(;lno>-1;lno--) { print lifo[lno]; } }'
NR = 9
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1           

作者:铭毅天下

转载请标明出处,原文地址:

http://blog.csdn.net/laoyang360/article/details/42364823

继续阅读