如果要在Red Hat Enterprise Linux上将.NET Core进程作为后台进程运行，则可以创建自定义systemd单元。今天我将为.NET Core编写两个自定义系统单元的例子。一个是运行.NET Core控制台应用程序的一种类型，另一个是运行ASP.NET Core Web应用程序的简单类型。

控制台应用程序

建立一个应用程序

您可以用

dotnet run

在systemd中使用指定项目目录作为工作目录。但是，我们来构建一个二进制文件并将其用于systemd。用dotnet new 命令创建您的项目后编辑Program.cs如下。

1 using System;
 2 using System.IO;
 3  
 4 namespace ConsoleApplication
 5 {
 6     public class Program
 7     {
 8         public static void Main(string[] args)
 9         {
10             var path = Path.GetTempFileName();
11             File.WriteAllText(path, "Hello Temp File!");
12             Console.WriteLine($"Wrote temp file: {path}");
13         }
14     }
15 }

然后用

dotnet publish

命令发布项目。你会看到

bin/<Configuration>/<Framework>目录下的二进制文件

。

$ dotnet publish -c Release

Publishing ConsoleApp for .NETCoreApp,Version=v1.1

Project ConsoleApp (.NETCoreApp,Version=v1.1) was previously compiled. Skipping compilation.

publish: Published to /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/ConsoleApp/bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish

Published 1/1 projects successfully

创建一个自定义的systemd

首先，创建一个运行守护进程和工作目录的用户。

$ sudo useradd -s /sbin/nologin dotnetuser
$ sudo mkdir /var/SystemdExample
$ sudo cp /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/ConsoleApp/bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish/* /var/SystemdExample
$ sudo chown -R dotnetuser:dotnetuser /var/SystemdExample

然后在

/etc/systemd/system/

目录下创建一个自定义的systemd单元文件。文件名应该是

<unit-name>.<unit-type>

。我创建的目录和文件名为：

/etc/systemd/system/netcore-console-example.service

[Unit]

Description=Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd

DefaultDependencies=no

[Service]

Type=oneshot

RemainAfterExit=no

ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll

WorkingDirectory=/var/SystemdExample

User=dotnetuser

Group=dotnetuser

[install]

您应该在ExecStart中指定dotnet的完整路径。以上是红帽提供的.NET Core 1.1的情况。然后你可以用

systemctl

命令执行守护进程。您可以使用

systemctl status

命令或

journalctl

命令查看控制台输出。

$ sudo systemctl start netcore-console-example.service

$ sudo systemctl status netcore-console-example.service

● netcore-console-example.service - Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd

Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/netcore-console-example.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2017-02-24 00:29:16 JST; 13s ago

Process: 18075 ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Main PID: 18075 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd...

Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain dotnet[18075]: Wrote temp file: /tmp/tmph1ok6H.tmp

Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd.

$ journalctl -u netcore-console-example.service -e

Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd...

Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain dotnet[18075]: Wrote temp file: /tmp/tmph1ok6H.tmp

Feb 24 00:29:16 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd.

$ sudo cat /tmp/tmph1ok6H.tmp

Hello Temp File!

使用PrivateTemp

在上述系统单元中，程序在临时文件夹下写入一个文件。你有时想写一个来自其他用户的临时文件是安全的。您可以在

[Service]

section中的指定使用PrivateTemp。

[Service]

Type=oneshot

RemainAfterExit=no

ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll

WorkingDirectory=/var/SystemdExample

User=dotnetuser

Group=dotnetuser

PrivateTemp=true

重新加载单元文件后，程序可以像前一样访问

/tmp

目录，但这不是实际的

/tmp

目录。

$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload

$ sudo systemctl start netcore-console-example.service

$ sudo systemctl status netcore-console-example.service

● netcore-console-example.service - Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd

Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/netcore-console-example.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: inactive (dead) since Fri 2017-02-24 00:35:46 JST; 12s ago

Process: 18415 ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet ConsoleApp.dll (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Main PID: 18415 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Feb 24 00:35:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd...

Feb 24 00:35:46 localhost.localdomain dotnet[18415]: Wrote temp file: /tmp/tmpJLWAGC.tmp

Feb 24 00:35:46 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core ConsoleApp with systemd.

$ ls /tmp/tmpJLWAGC.tmp

ls: cannot access /tmp/tmpJLWAGC.tmp: No such file or directory

Web应用程序

现在我们来构建一个ASP.NET Core Web应用程序。今天我使用默认的模板项目。

$ dotnet new -t web

Created new C# project in /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/WebApp.

$ dotnet restore

** snipped**

log  : Restore completed in 9721ms.

$ dotnet publish -c Release

Publishing WebApp for .NETCoreApp,Version=v1.1

** snipped **

publish: Published to /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/WebApp/bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish

Published 1/1 projects successfully

现在可以用dotnet命令运行。

$ dotnet bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish/WebApp.dll

info: Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.DataProtectionServices[0]

User profile is available. Using '/home/tatanaka/.aspnet/DataProtection-Keys' as key repository; keys will not be encrypted at rest.

Hosting environment: Production

Content root path: /home/tatanaka/Documents/git/tanaka-takayoshi/SystemdExample/1.1/WebApp

Now listening on: http://localhost:5000

Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.

为这个Web应用程序也指定dotnetuser名称。

$ sudo mkdir /var/SystemdExample

$ sudo cp -R bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/publish/* /var/SystemdWebExample

$ sudo chown -R dotnetuser:dotnetuser /var/SystemdWebExample

然后创建一个自定义的systemd单元文件

/etc/systemd/system/netcore-web-example.service

[Unit]

Description=Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd

DefaultDependencies=no

Wants=network.target # network is required

After=network.target

[Service]

ExecStart=/opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet WebApp.dll

WorkingDirectory=/var/SystemdWebExample

Restart=always

RestartSec=10   # Restart service after 10 seconds if dotnet service crashes

SyslogIdentifier=dotnet-example

User=dotnetuser

Group=dotnetuser

PrivateTmp=true

Environment=ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT=Production # specify environment variable for environment

Environment=ASPNETCORE_URLS=http://*:8080 # specify environement variable for listening port

[Install]

WantedBy = multi-user.target

最后，您可以将ASP.NET Core应用程序作为Linux守护程序运行。请注意，此应用程序侦听端口8080代替了ASP.NET Core 默认的 5000，因为我在

ASPNETCORE_URLS

单元文件中指定了环境变量。

$ systemctl start netcore-web-example.service

[tatanaka@localhost WebApp]$ systemc^C

[tatanaka@localhost WebApp]$ sudo systemctl status netcore-web-example.service

[sudo] password for tatanaka:

● netcore-web-example.service - Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd

Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/netcore-web-example.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: active (running) since Sat 2017-02-25 01:02:12 JST; 11s ago

Main PID: 7041 (dotnet)

CGroup: /system.slice/netcore-web-example.service

└─7041 /opt/rh/rh-dotnetcore11/root/usr/bin/dotnet WebApp.dll

Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd.

Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Example for .NET Core WebApp with systemd...

Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.DataProtectionServices[0]

Feb 25 01:02:12 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: User profile is available. Using '/home/dotnetuser/.aspnet/DataProtection-Keys' as key repository; keys will not be encrypted at rest.

Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Hosting environment: Production

Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Content root path: /var/SystemdWebExample

Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Now listening on: http://*:8080

Feb 25 01:02:13 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.

$ journalctl -u netcore-web-example -xf

-- Logs begin at Mon 2017-02-20 11:58:31 JST. --

Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware[2]

Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Sending file. Request path: '/images/banner4.svg'. Physical path: '/var/SystemdWebExample/wwwroot/images/banner4.svg'

Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[2]

Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Request finished in 0.1973ms 200 image/svg+xml

Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[1]

Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Request starting HTTP/1.1 GET http://localhost:8080/favicon.ico

Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware[2]

Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Sending file. Request path: '/favicon.ico'. Physical path: '/var/SystemdWebExample/wwwroot/favicon.ico'

Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Internal.WebHost[2]

Feb 25 01:02:36 localhost.localdomain dotnet-example[7041]: Request finished in 0.5824ms 200 image/x-icon

然而这对于ASP.NET Core的生产使用来说是不够的。你可能需要设置一个反向代理服务器，比如Jexus,nginx，防火墙等等。

Writing a Linux daemon in C#

作者：Chaunce

来源：http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoliangge/

GitHub：https://github.com/liuyl1992

个人地址：http://blog.chaunce.top

公众号请搜:架构师高级俱乐部 SmartLife_com

声明：原创博客请在转载时保留原文链接或者在文章开头加上本人博客地址，如发现错误，欢迎批评指正。凡是转载于本人的文章，不能设置打赏功能等盈利行为

用C＃编写Linux守护进程

控制台应用程序

建立一个应用程序

创建一个自定义的systemd

使用PrivateTemp

Web应用程序

公众号请搜:架构师高级俱乐部 SmartLife_com

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