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软件测试基础——fault、error and failure*************软件测试基础*************

*************软件测试基础*************

首先解释一下fault、error以及failure的各自定义:

Fault:

可能导致系统或功能失效的异常条件(Abnormal condition that can cause an element or an item to fail.),可译为“故障”。

Error:

计算、观察或测量值或条件,与真实、规定或理论上正确的值或条件之间的差异(Discrepancy between a computed, observed or measured value or condition and the true, specified, or theoretically correct value or condition.),可译为“错误”。Error是能够导致系统出现Failure的系统内部状态。

Failure:

当一个系统不能执行所要求的功能时,即为Failure,可译为“失效”。(Termination of the ability of an element or an item to perform a function as required.)

Below are four faulty programs. Each includes a test case that results in failure. Answer the following questions about each program.

public int findLast (int[] x, int y) {
    //Effects: If x==null throw                
                    NullPointerException 
    // else return the index of the last element    
    // in x that equals y. 
    // If no such element exists, return -1
    for (int i=x.length-1; i > 0; i--) 
    { 
        if (x[i] == y) 
        {
            return i; 
        }
     }
    return -1; 
}
// test: x=[2, 3, 5]; y = 2
// Expected = 0
           

1. Identify the fault.

for循环中的条件判断应为:(int i=x.length-1; i > =0;i–);

2. If possible, identify a test case that does not execute the fault. (Reachability)

test: x=[];

(抛出空指针异常,没有执行下面的程序,则没有执行fault)

3. If possible, identify a test case that executes the fault, but does not result in an error state.

test: x=[3, 2, 5]; y = 2

Expected= 1

(执行了含有fault的程序,但是并没有产生错误,即执行了fault,没有执行error)

4. If possible identify a test case that results in an error, but not a failure.

test: x=[3, 2, 5]; y = 1 Expected = -1

(没有遍历x=1,直接返回了-1,因此执行了error,没有执行failure。)

public static int lastZero (int[] x) {
    //Effects: if x==null throw 
                    NullPointerException
    // else return the index of the LAST 0 in x.
    // Return -1 if 0 does not occur in x
    for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++)
    {
         if (x[i] == 0)
        {
              return i;
         } 
     } return -1;
}
// test: x=[0, 1, 0]
// Expected = 2
           

1、 Identify the fault.

for循环中的条件判断应为:(int i=x.length-1; i > =0; i–);

2、 If possible, identify a test case that does not execute the fault. (Reachability)

test: x=[];

(抛出空指针异常,没有执行下面的程序,则没有执行fault)

3、 If possible, identify a test case that executes the fault, but does not result in an error state.

test: x=[1, 2, 0]

Expected = 2

(执行了含有fault的程序,但是并没有产生错误,即执行了fault,没有执行error)

4、 If possible identify a test case that results in an error, but not a failure.

test: x=[3, 2, 5];

Expected = -1

(遍历到i=3时,返回了-1,不符合设计目的,因此执行了error,没有执行failure。)