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Android AIDL学习

一、 AIDL简介

AIDL一般是Service端提供给Client端使用的,通过binder将进程通信实现得像函数调用一样。比如说某个app要对接另外一个app的服务,就需要使用另外一个app提供的aidl文件,在服务启动时获取远程服务的引用,从而调用远程服务的接口。

Android AIDL学习

二、 AIDL Demo

按照逻辑首先编写aidl服务端,也就是我需要提供接口给其他app。创建默认app后,不需要Service app去启动app,因为到处Service后就可以用client app去启动Service。

Service app manifest:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.aidlservice">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <service
            android:name=".MyService"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true"></service>

        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>
           

然后创建aidl文件

// IMyService.aidl
package com.example.aidlservice;

// Declare any non-default types here with import statements

interface IMyService {
    /**
     * Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
     * and return values in AIDL.
     */
    String getParam(String key);
}
Android studio会自动生成相应的java文件,不过并不需要我们去关注。
接下来创建Service文件
package com.example.aidlservice;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;

public class MyService extends Service {

    private IBinder iBinder;

    public MyService() {
        iBinder=new IMyService.Stub(){

            @Override
            public String getParam(String key) throws RemoteException {
                Log.d("test","getparam");
                if(key!=null && key.equalsIgnoreCase("name")){
                    return "xiaoshixiu";
                }
                return null;
            }
        };
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        // TODO: Return the communication channel to the service.
        return   iBinder;
    }
}
           

接下来创建client app。

Client首先要引入aidl文件,不能改变包名和文件名。

// IMyService.aidl 注意兩個app的aidl文件包名和文件名必須要一樣
package com.example.aidlservice;

// Declare any non-default types here with import statements

interface IMyService {
    /**
     * Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
     * and return values in AIDL.
     */
    String getParam(String key);
}
           

然后修改MainActivety的逻辑

package com.example.aidlservice;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private IMyService myService;
    private ServiceConnection connection=new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            myService=IMyService.Stub.asInterface(service);
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            myService=null;
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        Intent intent=new Intent();
        intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.example.aidlservice","com.example.aidlservice.MyService"));//当service没设置receiver时可以直接设置Component启动service
        bindService(intent,connection,BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }

    public void onclickbtn(View view){
        Toast.makeText(this,"test",Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
        try{
            ((TextView)findViewById(R.id.tv_dis)).setText(myService.getParam("name"));
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
           

layout文件很简单,就是点击按钮后显示服务名

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:padding="15dp">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        android:id="@+id/tv_dis"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="btn"
        android:onClick="onclickbtn"/>

</LinearLayout>
           

好了,我们来运行一下

Android AIDL学习
Android AIDL学习

Demo 链接:https://download.csdn.net/download/xiaoshixiu/12379375