--语句事件记录表，这些表记录了语句事件信息，当前语句事件表events_statements_current、历史语句事件表events_statements_history和长语句历史事件表events_statements_history_long、以及聚合后的摘要表summary，其中，summary表还可以根据帐号(account)，主机(host)，程序(program)，线程(thread)，用户(user)和全局(global)再进行细分)
show tables like '%statement%';
--等待事件记录表，与语句事件类型的相关记录表类似：
show tables like '%wait%';
--阶段事件记录表，记录语句执行的阶段事件的表
show tables like '%stage%';
--事务事件记录表，记录事务相关的事件的表
show tables like '%transaction%';
--监控文件系统层调用的表
show tables like '%file%';
--监视内存使用的表
show tables like '%memory%';
--动态对performance_schema进行配置的配置表
show tables like '%setup%';
--1、哪类的SQL执行最多？
SELECT DIGEST_TEXT,COUNT_STAR,FIRST_SEEN,LAST_SEEN FROM events_statements_summary_by_digest ORDER BY COUNT_STAR DESC
--2、哪类SQL的平均响应时间最多？
SELECT DIGEST_TEXT,AVG_TIMER_WAIT FROM events_statements_summary_by_digest ORDER BY COUNT_STAR DESC
--3、哪类SQL排序记录数最多？
SELECT DIGEST_TEXT,SUM_SORT_ROWS FROM events_statements_summary_by_digest ORDER BY COUNT_STAR DESC
--4、哪类SQL扫描记录数最多？
SELECT DIGEST_TEXT,SUM_ROWS_EXAMINED FROM events_statements_summary_by_digest ORDER BY COUNT_STAR DESC
--5、哪类SQL使用临时表最多？
SELECT DIGEST_TEXT,SUM_CREATED_TMP_TABLES,SUM_CREATED_TMP_DISK_TABLES FROM events_statements_summary_by_digest ORDER BY COUNT_STAR DESC
--6、哪类SQL返回结果集最多？
SELECT DIGEST_TEXT,SUM_ROWS_SENT FROM events_statements_summary_by_digest ORDER BY COUNT_STAR DESC
--7、哪个表物理IO最多？
SELECT file_name,event_name,SUM_NUMBER_OF_BYTES_READ,SUM_NUMBER_OF_BYTES_WRITE FROM file_summary_by_instance ORDER BY SUM_NUMBER_OF_BYTES_READ + SUM_NUMBER_OF_BYTES_WRITE DESC
--8、哪个表逻辑IO最多？
SELECT object_name,COUNT_READ,COUNT_WRITE,COUNT_FETCH,SUM_TIMER_WAIT FROM table_io_waits_summary_by_table ORDER BY sum_timer_wait DESC
--9、哪个索引访问最多？
SELECT OBJECT_NAME,INDEX_NAME,COUNT_FETCH,COUNT_INSERT,COUNT_UPDATE,COUNT_DELETE FROM table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage ORDER BY SUM_TIMER_WAIT DESC
--10、哪个索引从来没有用过？
SELECT OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME,INDEX_NAME FROM table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage WHERE INDEX_NAME IS NOT NULL AND COUNT_STAR = 0 AND OBJECT_SCHEMA <> 'mysql' ORDER BY OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME;
--11、哪个等待事件消耗时间最多？
SELECT EVENT_NAME,COUNT_STAR,SUM_TIMER_WAIT,AVG_TIMER_WAIT FROM events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name WHERE event_name != 'idle' ORDER BY SUM_TIMER_WAIT DESC
--12-1、剖析某条SQL的执行情况，包括statement信息，stege信息，wait信息
SELECT EVENT_ID,sql_text FROM events_statements_history WHERE sql_text LIKE '%count(*)%';
--12-2、查看每个阶段的时间消耗
SELECT event_id,EVENT_NAME,SOURCE,TIMER_END - TIMER_START FROM events_stages_history_long WHERE NESTING_EVENT_ID = 1553;
--12-3、查看每个阶段的锁等待情况
SELECT event_id,event_name,source,timer_wait,object_name,index_name,operation,nesting_event_id FROM events_waits_history_longWHERE nesting_event_id = 1553;
explain select * from emp e join dept d on e.deptno = d.deptno join salgrade sg on e.sal between sg.losal and sg.hisal where e.deptno in (select d.deptno from dept d where d.dname = 'SALES');
select_type
主要用来分辨查询的类型，是普通查询还是联合查询还是子查询
select_type
Value
Meaning
SIMPLE
Simple SELECT (not using UNION or subqueries)
PRIMARY
Outermost SELECT
UNION
Second or later SELECT statement in a UNION
DEPENDENT UNION
Second or later SELECT statement in a UNION, dependent on outer query
UNION RESULT
Result of a UNION.
SUBQUERY
First SELECT in subquery
DEPENDENT SUBQUERY
First SELECT in subquery, dependent on outer query
DERIVED
Derived table
UNCACHEABLE SUBQUERY
A subquery for which the result cannot be cached and must be re-evaluated for each row of the outer query
UNCACHEABLE UNION
The second or later select in a UNION that belongs to an uncacheable subquery (see UNCACHEABLE SUBQUERY)
--sample:简单的查询，不包含子查询和union
explain select * from emp;
--primary:查询中若包含任何复杂的子查询，最外层查询则被标记为Primary
explain select staname,ename supname from (select ename staname,mgr from emp) t join emp on t.mgr=emp.empno ;
--union:若第二个select出现在union之后，则被标记为union
explain select * from emp where deptno = 10 union select * from emp where sal >2000;
--dependent union:跟union类似，此处的depentent表示union或union all联合而成的结果会受外部表影响
explain select * from emp e where e.empno in ( select empno from emp where deptno = 10 union select empno from emp where sal >2000)
--union result:从union表获取结果的select
explain select * from emp where deptno = 10 union select * from emp where sal >2000;
--subquery:在select或者where列表中包含子查询
explain select * from emp where sal > (select avg(sal) from emp) ;
--dependent subquery:subquery的子查询要受到外部表查询的影响
explain select * from emp e where e.deptno in (select distinct deptno from dept);
--DERIVED: from子句中出现的子查询，也叫做派生类，
explain select staname,ename supname from (select ename staname,mgr from emp) t join emp on t.mgr=emp.empno ;
--UNCACHEABLE SUBQUERY：表示使用子查询的结果不能被缓存
explain select * from emp where empno = (select empno from emp where [email protected]@sort_buffer_size);
--uncacheable union:表示union的查询结果不能被缓存：sql语句未验证
system > const > eq_ref > ref > fulltext > ref_or_null > index_merge > unique_subquery > index_subquery > range > index > ALL
一般情况下，得保证查询至少达到range级别，最好能达到ref
--all:全表扫描，一般情况下出现这样的sql语句而且数据量比较大的话那么就需要进行优化。
explain select * from emp;
--index：全索引扫描这个比all的效率要好，主要有两种情况，一种是当前的查询时覆盖索引，即我们需要的数据在索引中就可以索取，或者是使用了索引进行排序，这样就避免数据的重排序
explain select empno from emp;
--range：表示利用索引查询的时候限制了范围，在指定范围内进行查询，这样避免了index的全索引扫描，适用的操作符： =, <>, >, >=, <, <=, IS NULL, BETWEEN, LIKE, or IN()
explain select * from emp where empno between 7000 and 7500;
--index_subquery：利用索引来关联子查询，不再扫描全表
explain select * from emp where emp.job in (select job from t_job);
--unique_subquery:该连接类型类似与index_subquery,使用的是唯一索引
explain select * from emp e where e.deptno in (select distinct deptno from dept);
--index_merge：在查询过程中需要多个索引组合使用，没有模拟出来
--ref_or_null：对于某个字段即需要关联条件，也需要null值的情况下，查询优化器会选择这种访问方式
explain select * from emp e where e.mgr is null or e.mgr=7369;
--ref：使用了非唯一性索引进行数据的查找
create index idx_3 on emp(deptno);
explain select * from emp e,dept d where e.deptno =d.deptno;
--eq_ref ：使用唯一性索引进行数据查找
explain select * from emp,emp2 where emp.empno = emp2.empno;
--const：这个表至多有一个匹配行，
explain select * from emp where empno = 7369;
--system：表只有一行记录（等于系统表），这是const类型的特例，平时不会出现
--using filesort:说明mysql无法利用索引进行排序，只能利用排序算法进行排序，会消耗额外的位置
explain select * from emp order by sal;
--using temporary:建立临时表来保存中间结果，查询完成之后把临时表删除
explain select ename,count(*) from emp where deptno = 10 group by ename;
--using index:这个表示当前的查询时覆盖索引的，直接从索引中读取数据，而不用访问数据表。如果同时出现using where 表名索引被用来执行索引键值的查找，如果没有，表面索引被用来读取数据，而不是真的查找
explain select deptno,count(*) from emp group by deptno limit 10;
--using where:使用where进行条件过滤
explain select * from t_user where id = 1;
--using join buffer:使用连接缓存，情况没有模拟出来
--impossible where：where语句的结果总是false
explain select * from emp where empno = 7469;
--创建数据表
create table citydemo(city varchar(50) not null);
insert into citydemo(city) select city from city;
--重复执行5次下面的sql语句
insert into citydemo(city) select city from citydemo;
--更新城市表的名称
update citydemo set city=(select city from city order by rand() limit 1);
--查找最常见的城市列表，发现每个值都出现45-65次，
select count(*) as cnt,city from citydemo group by city order by cnt desc limit 10;
--查找最频繁出现的城市前缀，先从3个前缀字母开始，发现比原来出现的次数更多，可以分别截取多个字符查看城市出现的次数
select count(*) as cnt,left(city,3) as pref from citydemo group by pref order by cnt desc limit 10;
select count(*) as cnt,left(city,7) as pref from citydemo group by pref order by cnt desc limit 10;
--此时前缀的选择性接近于完整列的选择性
--还可以通过另外一种方式来计算完整列的选择性，可以看到当前缀长度到达7之后，再增加前缀长度，选择性提升的幅度已经很小了
select count(distinct left(city,3))/count(*) as sel3,
count(distinct left(city,4))/count(*) as sel4,
count(distinct left(city,5))/count(*) as sel5,
count(distinct left(city,6))/count(*) as sel6,
count(distinct left(city,7))/count(*) as sel7,
count(distinct left(city,8))/count(*) as sel8
from citydemo;
--计算完成之后可以创建前缀索引
alter table citydemo add key(city(7));
--注意：前缀索引是一种能使索引更小更快的有效方法，但是也包含缺点：mysql无法使用前缀索引做order by 和 group by。
select * from itdragon_order_list where transaction_id = "81X97310V32236260E";
--通过查看执行计划发现type=all,需要进行全表扫描
explain select * from itdragon_order_list where transaction_id = "81X97310V32236260E";
--优化一、为transaction_id创建唯一索引
create unique index idx_order_transaID on itdragon_order_list (transaction_id);
--当创建索引之后，唯一索引对应的type是const，通过索引一次就可以找到结果，普通索引对应的type是ref，表示非唯一性索引赛秒，找到值还要进行扫描，直到将索引文件扫描完为止，显而易见，const的性能要高于ref
explain select * from itdragon_order_list where transaction_id = "81X97310V32236260E";
--优化二、使用覆盖索引，查询的结果变成 transaction_id,当extra出现using index,表示使用了覆盖索引
explain select transaction_id from itdragon_order_list where transaction_id = "81X97310V32236260E";
第二个案例
--创建复合索引
create index idx_order_levelDate on itdragon_order_list (order_level,input_date);
--创建索引之后发现跟没有创建索引一样，都是全表扫描，都是文件排序
explain select * from itdragon_order_list order by order_level,input_date;
--可以使用force index强制指定索引
explain select * from itdragon_order_list force index(idx_order_levelDate) order by order_level,input_date;
--其实给订单排序意义不大，给订单级别添加索引意义也不大，因此可以先确定order_level的值，然后再给input_date排序
explain select * from itdragon_order_list where order_level=3 order by input_date;
如果需要排序的数据量小于排序缓冲区(show variables like '%sort_buffer_size%';),mysql使用内存进行快速排序操作，如果内存不够排序，那么mysql就会先将树分块，对每个独立的块使用快速排序进行排序，并将各个块的排序结果存放再磁盘上，然后将各个排好序的块进行合并，最后返回排序结果
set @one :=1
set @min_actor :=(select min(actor_id) from actor)
set @last_week :=current_date-interval 1 week;
2. 自定义变量的限制
1、无法使用查询缓存
2、不能在使用常量或者标识符的地方使用自定义变量，例如表名、列名或者limit子句
3、用户自定义变量的生命周期是在一个连接中有效，所以不能用它们来做连接间的通信
4、不能显式地声明自定义变量地类型
5、mysql优化器在某些场景下可能会将这些变量优化掉，这可能导致代码不按预想地方式运行
6、赋值符号：=的优先级非常低，所以在使用赋值表达式的时候应该明确的使用括号
7、使用未定义变量不会产生任何语法错误
3. 自定义变量的使用案例
1. 优化排名语句
1、在给一个变量赋值的同时使用这个变量
select actor_id,@rownum:[email protected]+1 as rownum from actor limit 10;
2、查询获取演过最多电影的前10名演员，然后根据出演电影次数做一个排名
select actor_id,count(*) as cnt from film_actor group by actor_id order by cnt desc limit 10;
2. 避免重新查询刚刚更新的数据
1、当需要高效的更新一条记录的时间戳，同时希望查询当前记录中存放的时间戳是什么
update t1 set lastUpdated=now() where id =1;
select lastUpdated from t1 where id =1;
update t1 set lastupdated = now() where id = 1 and @now:=now();
select @now;
3. 确定取值的顺序
在赋值和读取变量的时候可能是在查询的不同阶段
set @rownum:=0;
select actor_id,@rownum:[email protected]+1 as cnt from actor where @rownum<=1;
因为where和select在查询的不同阶段执行，所以看到查询到两条记录，这不符合预期
set @rownum:=0;
select actor_id,@rownum:[email protected]+1 as cnt from actor where @rownum<=1 order by first_name
当引入了orde;r by之后，发现打印出了全部结果，这是因为order by引入了文件排序，而where条件是在文件排序操作之前取值的
解决这个问题的关键在于让变量的赋值和取值发生在执行查询的同一阶段：
set @rownum:=0;
select actor_id,@rownum as cnt from actor where (@rownum:[email protected]+1)<=1;
范围分区表的分区方式是：每个分区都包含行数据且分区的表达式在给定的范围内，分区的范围应该是连续的且不能重叠，可以使用values less than运算符来定义。
1、创建普通的表
CREATE TABLE employees (
id INT NOT NULL,
fname VARCHAR(30),
lname VARCHAR(30),
hired DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '1970-01-01',
separated DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '9999-12-31',
job_code INT NOT NULL,
store_id INT NOT NULL
);
2、创建带分区的表，下面建表的语句是按照store_id来进行分区的，指定了4个分区
CREATE TABLE employees (
id INT NOT NULL,
fname VARCHAR(30),
lname VARCHAR(30),
hired DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '1970-01-01',
separated DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '9999-12-31',
job_code INT NOT NULL,
store_id INT NOT NULL
)
PARTITION BY RANGE (store_id) (
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (6),
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (11),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (16),
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (21)
);
CREATE TABLE employees (
id INT NOT NULL,
fname VARCHAR(30),
lname VARCHAR(30),
hired DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '1970-01-01',
separated DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '9999-12-31',
job_code INT NOT NULL,
store_id INT NOT NULL
)
PARTITION BY RANGE (store_id) (
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (6),
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (11),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (16),
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE
);
--maxvalue表示始终大于等于最大可能整数值的整数值
4、可以使用相同的方式根据员工的职务代码对表进行分区
CREATE TABLE employees (
id INT NOT NULL,
fname VARCHAR(30),
lname VARCHAR(30),
hired DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '1970-01-01',
separated DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '9999-12-31',
job_code INT NOT NULL,
store_id INT NOT NULL
)
PARTITION BY RANGE (job_code) (
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (100),
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1000),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (10000)
);
CREATE TABLE employees (
id INT NOT NULL,
fname VARCHAR(30),
lname VARCHAR(30),
hired DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '1970-01-01',
separated DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '9999-12-31',
job_code INT,
store_id INT
)
PARTITION BY RANGE ( YEAR(separated) ) (
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1991),
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1996),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (2001),
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE
);
CREATE TABLE quarterly_report_status (
report_id INT NOT NULL,
report_status VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
report_updated TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
)
PARTITION BY RANGE ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP(report_updated) ) (
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2008-01-01 00:00:00') ),
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2008-04-01 00:00:00') ),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2008-07-01 00:00:00') ),
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2008-10-01 00:00:00') ),
PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2009-01-01 00:00:00') ),
PARTITION p5 VALUES LESS THAN ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2009-04-01 00:00:00') ),
PARTITION p6 VALUES LESS THAN ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2009-07-01 00:00:00') ),
PARTITION p7 VALUES LESS THAN ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2009-10-01 00:00:00') ),
PARTITION p8 VALUES LESS THAN ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2010-01-01 00:00:00') ),
PARTITION p9 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE)
);
--timestamp不允许使用任何其他涉及值的表达式
CREATE TABLE members (
firstname VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
lastname VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
username VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(35),
joined DATE NOT NULL
)
PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(joined) ) (
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1960),
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1970),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (1980),
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (1990),
PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE
);
CREATE TABLE quarterly_report_status (
report_id INT NOT NULL,
report_status VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
report_updated TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
)
PARTITION BY RANGE ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP(report_updated) ) (
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2008-01-01 00:00:00') ),
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2008-04-01 00:00:00') ),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2008-07-01 00:00:00') ),
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2008-10-01 00:00:00') ),
PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2009-01-01 00:00:00') ),
PARTITION p5 VALUES LESS THAN ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2009-04-01 00:00:00') ),
PARTITION p6 VALUES LESS THAN ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2009-07-01 00:00:00') ),
PARTITION p7 VALUES LESS THAN ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2009-10-01 00:00:00') ),
PARTITION p8 VALUES LESS THAN ( UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2010-01-01 00:00:00') ),
PARTITION p9 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE)
);
2、基于范围列的分区，使用date或者datatime列作为分区列
CREATE TABLE members (
firstname VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
lastname VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
username VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(35),
joined DATE NOT NULL
)
PARTITION BY RANGE COLUMNS(joined) (
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN ('1960-01-01'),
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN ('1970-01-01'),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN ('1980-01-01'),
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN ('1990-01-01'),
PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE
);
真实案例：
#不分区的表
CREATE TABLE no_part_tab
(id INT DEFAULT NULL,
remark VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL,
d_date DATE DEFAULT NULL
)ENGINE=MYISAM;
#分区的表
CREATE TABLE part_tab
(id INT DEFAULT NULL,
remark VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL,
d_date DATE DEFAULT NULL
)ENGINE=MYISAM
PARTITION BY RANGE(YEAR(d_date))(
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN(1995),
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN(1996),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN(1997),
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN(1998),
PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN(1999),
PARTITION p5 VALUES LESS THAN(2000),
PARTITION p6 VALUES LESS THAN(2001),
PARTITION p7 VALUES LESS THAN(2002),
PARTITION p8 VALUES LESS THAN(2003),
PARTITION p9 VALUES LESS THAN(2004),
PARTITION p10 VALUES LESS THAN maxvalue);
#插入未分区表记录
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS no_load_part;
DELIMITER//
CREATE PROCEDURE no_load_part()
BEGIN
DECLARE i INT;
SET i =1;
WHILE i<80001
DO
INSERT INTO no_part_tab VALUES(i,'no',ADDDATE('1995-01-01',(RAND(i)*36520) MOD 3652));
SET i=i+1;
END WHILE;
END//
DELIMITER ;
CALL no_load_part;
#插入分区表记录
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS load_part;
DELIMITER&&
CREATE PROCEDURE load_part()
BEGIN
DECLARE i INT;
SET i=1;
WHILE i<80001
DO
INSERT INTO part_tab VALUES(i,'partition',ADDDATE('1995-01-01',(RAND(i)*36520) MOD 3652));
SET i=i+1;
END WHILE;
END&&
DELIMITER ;
CALL load_part;
列表分区
类似于按range分区，区别在于list分区是基于列值匹配一个离散值集合中的某个值来进行选择
CREATE TABLE employees (
id INT NOT NULL,
fname VARCHAR(30),
lname VARCHAR(30),
hired DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '1970-01-01',
separated DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '9999-12-31',
job_code INT,
store_id INT
)
PARTITION BY LIST(store_id) (
PARTITION pNorth VALUES IN (3,5,6,9,17),
PARTITION pEast VALUES IN (1,2,10,11,19,20),
PARTITION pWest VALUES IN (4,12,13,14,18),
PARTITION pCentral VALUES IN (7,8,15,16)
);
CREATE TABLE employees (
id INT NOT NULL,
fname VARCHAR(30),
lname VARCHAR(30),
hired DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '1970-01-01',
separated DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '9999-12-31',
job_code INT,
store_id INT
)
PARTITION BY HASH(store_id)
PARTITIONS 4;
CREATE TABLE employees (
id INT NOT NULL,
fname VARCHAR(30),
lname VARCHAR(30),
hired DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '1970-01-01',
separated DATE NOT NULL DEFAULT '9999-12-31',
job_code INT,
store_id INT
)
PARTITION BY LINEAR HASH(YEAR(hired))
PARTITIONS 4;
