linux 截屏
Linux is a powerful and diverse operating system, so naturally the screenshot tools for the platform are just as powerful and diverse. The wide variety of these screeenshot tools range from simple and easy-to-use to powerful command-line tools that offer the ability to script and automate the process.
Linux是功能强大且多样化的操作系统，因此该平台的屏幕截图工具自然也同样功能强大且多样化。 这些screeenshot工具种类繁多，从简单易用到功能强大的命令行工具，都提供了编写脚本和自动执行流程的功能。
方法一：使用Ubuntu的简单默认工具GNOME屏幕截图 (Method One: Use GNOME Screenshot, Ubuntu’s Simple Default Tool)
Ubuntu, like many GTK-based Linux distributions, comes with GNOME Screenshot as the default screen capture tool because it’s one the simplest and most straightforward screenshot tools available on Linux. GNOME Screenshot has the ability to take screenshots of your whole screen, specific windows and a manually selected rectangular regions. If you need additional time during capture you can add a delay to the full screen and window screenshots.
与许多基于GTK的Linux发行版一样，Ubuntu附带GNOME屏幕截图作为默认的屏幕捕获工具，因为它是Linux上最简单，最直接的屏幕截图工具之一。 GNOME屏幕截图可以捕获整个屏幕，特定窗口和手动选择的矩形区域的屏幕截图。 如果在捕获过程中需要更多时间，则可以在全屏和窗口屏幕截图中添加延迟。
GNOME Screenshot supports a few effects such as including the mouse cursor (pointer), adding a drop shadow, a border, or even a Vintage effect. The tool’s simplicity is a limitation with these effects though as most of them are only available when taking a screenshot of the current window. The manually selected region mode, for example, is unable to utilize any of the effects.
GNOME屏幕快照支持一些效果，例如包括鼠标光标(指针)，添加阴影，边框甚至是Vintage效果。 该工具的简单性是这些效果的局限性，尽管大多数效果仅在获取当前窗口的屏幕快照时可用。 例如，手动选择的区域模式无法利用任何效果。
How to Use It: If you don’t already have it, install GNOME Screenshot using your distribution’s package manager. Ubuntu, Ubuntu MATE, Ubuntu GNOME and many more users will already have GNOME Screenshot pre-installed. Then, launch the GNOME screenshot tool by searching for it in Ubuntu’s Dash or your distro’s applications menu.
使用方法 ：如果尚未安装，请使用发行版的软件包管理器安装GNOME屏幕截图。 Ubuntu，Ubuntu MATE，Ubuntu GNOME和更多用户将已经预先安装了GNOME屏幕截图。 然后，通过在Ubuntu的Dash或发行版的应用程序菜单中进行搜索来启动GNOME屏幕截图工具。
Taking a screenshot is simple: choose the type of screenshot you’d like (Whole Screen, Window, or Selectable Region), pick any options you want, and click the “Take Screenshot” button. From there, you can either save the image to your computer or copy it to your clipboard.
截屏很简单：选择所需的截屏类型(全屏，窗口或可选区域)，选择所需的任何选项，然后单击“截屏”按钮。 从那里，您可以将图像保存到计算机或将其复制到剪贴板。
GNOME Screenshot is typically the default screen capture tool for most distributions that ship with GTK-based desktop environements like GNOME, MATE, LXDE, Cinnamon, Budgie, Pantheon, and other environments. However, XFCE ships with their own tool called “Xfce4-screenshooter“. XFCE’s tool is practically identical to GNOME’s in terms of process, but XFCE’s opted for supporting the ZimageZ image host rather than image effects.
对于大多数发行版，GNOME屏幕快照通常是默认发行版的屏幕捕获工具，这些发行版随附基于GNOME，MATE，LXDE，Cinnamon，Budgie，Pantheon和其他环境的基于GTK的桌面环境。 但是，XFCE附带了自己的名为“ Xfce4-screenshooter ”的工具。 XFCE的工具在处理方面实际上与GNOME相同，但是XFCE选择了支持ZimageZ图像主机而不是图像效果。
方法二：使用KDE的眼镜获得更多控制 (Method Two: Get a Bit More Control with KDE’s Spectacle)
Spectacle is the default screenshot utility for Kubuntu 16.04 and other KDE Plasma based distributions. Spectacle replaced KSnapshot as the official KDE screenshot tool starting with Plasma 5.5. Spectacle is a great combination of simplicity and powerful features. Spectacle offers all of the same features as GNOME Screenshot, minus effects, but has many additional features to set itself apart. Spectacle also provides all of these features without restricting any due to the mode used.
Spectacle是Kubuntu 16.04和其他基于KDE Plasma的发行版的默认屏幕快照实用程序。 Spectacle从Plasma 5.5开始将KSnapshot替换为官方的KDE屏幕截图工具。 眼镜是简单性和强大功能的完美结合。 Spectacle提供了与GNOME屏幕快照相同的所有功能，但没有特效，但还有许多其他功能使其与众不同。 眼镜还提供所有这些功能，而不受所用模式的限制。
Spectacle has the ability to capture your entire screen, a specific monitor, a particular window, a manually selected rectangular region, and even a specified dialog/popup window. All of these modes have the ability to include the mouse pointer and add a delay to the capture.
眼镜可以捕获整个屏幕，特定的监视器，特定的窗口，手动选择的矩形区域，甚至是指定的对话框/弹出窗口。 所有这些模式都可以包含鼠标指针并为捕获增加延迟。
Spectacle comes with great time savers such as automatic filename selection with customizable date format and the ability to remember the last manually selected region. Once a screenshot is captured you can save it to your computer, copy to your clipboard, open it directly in another application, or automatically upload it to either Imgur or Twitter.
眼镜附带大量节省时间的功能，例如可自定义日期格式的自动文件名选择以及记住上一个手动选择区域的功能。 捕获截图后，您可以将其保存到计算机，复制到剪贴板，直接在另一个应用程序中打开或自动将其上传到Imgur或Twitter。
How to Use It: If you don’t have Spectacle, install it using your distribution’s package manager. Kubuntu, KDE Neon, and many more users will already have Spectacle pre-installed. Then, launch Spectacle from your App Menu, choose the type of screenshot you want, and click the “Take New Screenshot” button. Click “Export To” to save or upload the image, or copy it to your clipboard if you want to paste it elsewhere.
使用方法 ：如果没有Spectacle，请使用发行版的软件包管理器进行安装。 Kubuntu，KDE Neon和更多用户已经预装了Spectacle。 然后，从“应用程序菜单”中启动Spectacle，选择所需的屏幕截图类型，然后单击“获取新屏幕截图”按钮。 单击“导出到”以保存或上传图像，如果要将其粘贴到其他位置，则将其复制到剪贴板。
方法三：使用快门的高级工具捕获，编辑和导出 (Method Three: Capture, Edit, and Export with Shutter’s Advanced Tools)
Shutter is one of the most robust screenshot tools available for Linux and perhaps for any platform. Shutter includes the standards like full screen, specific windows, and manually selected regions but Shutter goes above and beyond the features of a standard screen capture tool. Shutter’s wide variety of features also include a Magnifier for Region Selection, Website Capture (without a browser), Tooltip capture, extensive Export tools, a Plugin system, and even their own Image Editor.
快门是可用于Linux或任何平台的最强大的屏幕截图工具之一。 快门包括诸如全屏，特定窗口和手动选择的区域之类的标准，但是“快门”超越了标准屏幕捕获工具的功能。 快门的多种功能还包括用于区域选择的放大镜，网站捕获(不带浏览器)，工具提示捕获，广泛的导出工具，插件系统，甚至是自己的图像编辑器。
Shutter’s Export system supports custom FTP servers and Cloud services like Imgur, Dropbox, ToileLibre, Minus, and more. Shutter supports guest uploading and account based uploading to these services via OAuth or Username/Password combinations.
Shutter的Export系统支持自定义FTP服务器和云服务，例如Imgur，Dropbox，ToileLibre，Minus等。 Shutter支持通过OAuth或用户名/密码组合将访客上传和基于帐户的上传到这些服务。
Shutter’s Plugin system provides an impressive set of effects and tools that can be automatically applied to any image loaded in the session. Shutter’s Effects and Tools include Sepia coloring, Greyscaling, Watermarking, “Torn Paper”, Auto-Resizing, Auto-Cropping, and many more.
快门的插件系统提供了一组令人印象深刻的效果和工具，可以自动应用于会话中加载的任何图像。 快门的效果和工具包括棕褐色着色，灰度缩放，水印，“撕纸”，自动调整大小，自动裁切等等。
Shutter’s built-in Image Editor provides a wide array of fundamental features like adding text and cropping. The editor’s most interesting features though are the ability to highlight elements with Arrows, Drawing Shapes and, of course, a Highlighter. However on occasion you may want to share a screenshot but restrict some of the data from view. Shutter provides this functionality with a Censorship Brush tool and a Pixelation tool to keep that data from prying eyes. The editor also comes with an auto-increment shape tool that can be added to screenshots making Shutter the perfect capture tool for step-by-step guides.
快门的内置图像编辑器提供了多种基本功能，例如添加文本和裁剪。 但是，编辑器最有趣的功能是能够使用箭头，绘图形状(当然还有荧光笔)来突出显示元素。 但是，有时您可能希望共享屏幕截图，但限制了某些数据的显示。 快门通过“审查刷”工具和“像素化”工具提供此功能，以防止窥视数据。 该编辑器还附带有一个自动递增形状工具，可以将其添加到屏幕截图中，从而使Shutter成为逐步指南的理想捕获工具。
How to Use It: To use Shutter, download and install it from their home page, or your distro’s package manager, if it has it. Then, just launch it from your distribution’s app menu, choose the type of screenshot you want to take, and press “Enter” to finish the capture. When you’re done, you’ll have a lot of choices in terms of what to do with the resulting screenshot.
使用方法 ：要使用Shutter， 请从其主页或发行版的软件包管理器(如果有)中下载并安装它。 然后，只需从发行版的应用程序菜单启动它，选择要拍摄的屏幕截图类型，然后按“ Enter”完成捕获。 完成后，您将在如何处理生成的屏幕截图方面有很多选择。
方法四：从命令行捕获屏幕截图 (Method Four: Captule Screenshots from the Command Line)
For power-users command-line functionality can be very important, that’s where scrot and maim come in. The majority of features provided by the GUI (Graphical User Interface) applications are available in both scrot and maim but can also use either tool for automated screenshots, screenshots of remote computers over SSH and many other features.
对于电力用户命令行功能是非常重要的，这就是scrot和残废进来，大部分由GUI提供的功能(图形用户界面)的应用是在两个scrot和残废使用，但也可以使用自动两种工具屏幕快照，通过SSH的远程计算机的屏幕快照以及许多其他功能。
scrot is the more all-in-one tool for command line screenshots, as it provides options for adding a delay, quality control, region selection, thumbnail generation and much more. Alternatively, maim takes a more simplistic approach by relying on other tools to improve functionality. For example with maim, if you want take a screenshot of the active window then you’ll need to incorporate the use of “xdotool“. Both of these applications are great for taking screenshots on the command line but you’ll need to decide which approach is best for you.
scrot是用于命令行屏幕截图的更加多功能的工具，因为它提供了添加延迟，质量控制，区域选择，缩略图生成等选项。 另外，maim依靠其他工具来改善功能，从而采用了更为简化的方法。 例如，对于maim，如果要对活动窗口进行截图，则需要合并使用“ xdotool ”。 这两个应用程序都非常适合在命令行上截屏，但是您需要确定哪种方法最适合您。
How to Use Them: scrot and maim are more complex than we could dive into here, but the basics are simple. Install scrot or maim from your distribution’s repository, and run
scrot filename.jpg
or
maim filename.jpg
to take a screenshot. Read through the manpage of each command for more details on the stuff you can do–for example, you can set them to use the current date for the file name, or change where the screenshots are saved.
如何使用它们 ：scrot和maim比我们在这里可以深入了解的要复杂，但是基础很简单。 安装scrot或从发行的库残废，并运行
scrot filename.jpg
或
maim filename.jpg
采取截图。 通读每个命令的手册，以获取有关您可以执行的操作的更多详细信息，例如，可以将它们设置为使用文件名的当前日期，或更改屏幕快照的保存位置。
翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/268036/how-to-take-a-screenshot-on-linux/
linux 截屏