对多胜选举公平性的研究主要集中在候选人具有属性的情况下。但是，选民也可以根据一个或多个属性分为预定义的人群(例如，“加州”和“伊利诺伊州”人群在“州”属性下)，这些人群可能与候选人的属性相同或不同。仅关注候选人属性的模型可能在系统上未能充分代表较小的选民群体。因此，我们开发了一个模型，即候选委员会赢家决定(DRCWD)，该模型通过指定多样性、代表性约束和投票规则来描述候选人和选民的属性来选择委员会。我们展示了我们的模型的泛化性，并分析了它的计算复杂度、不可近似性和参数化复杂度。我们开发了一种基于启发式的算法，该算法可以在两分钟内在63%的合成数据集实例和100%的真实数据集实例上找到获胜的DiRe委员会。我们提出了运行时间、可行性和效用权衡的实证分析。
总的来说，DRCWD促使多胜选举的研究应该同时考虑其参与者，即候选人和选民，因为候选人特定的“公平”模型可能在不知不觉中伤害选民群体，反之亦然。此外,即使候选人和选民的属性一致,重要的是对待他们分别该委员会的女候选人,例如,不同于在该委员会候选人谁是首选的女性选民,谁自己可能是也可能不是女性。
原文题目：DiRe Committee : Diversity and Representation Constraints in Multiwinner Elections Kunal Relia
原文：The study of fairness in multiwinner elections focuses on settings where candidates have attributes. However, voters may also be divided into predefined populations under one or more attributes (e.g., "California" and "Illinois" populations under the "state" attribute), which may be same or different from candidate attributes. The models that focus on candidate attributes alone may systematically under-represent smaller voter populations. Hence, we develop a model, DiRe Committee Winner Determination (DRCWD), which delineates candidate and voter attributes to select a committee by specifying diversity and representation constraints and a voting rule. We show the generalizability of our model, and analyze its computational complexity, inapproximability, and parameterized complexity. We develop a heuristic-based algorithm, which finds the winning DiRe committee in under two minutes on 63% of the instances of synthetic datasets and on 100% of instances of real-world datasets. We present an empirical analysis of the running time, feasibility, and utility traded-off.
Overall, DRCWD motivates that a study of multiwinner elections should consider both its actors, namely candidates and voters, as candidate-specific "fair" models can unknowingly harm voter populations, and vice versa. Additionally, even when the attributes of candidates and voters coincide, it is important to treat them separately as having a female candidate on the committee, for example, is different from having a candidate on the committee who is preferred by the female voters, and who themselves may or may not be female.
2107.07356.pdf