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rtems网络移植-rtems系统初始化过程分析

rtems的网络驱动移植,首先要知道如何将设备初始化函数放入初始化过程中,如何将这个网卡设备注册到系统中。这涉及到rtems的系统初始化,接下来就具体分析初始化过程:

系统初始化第一阶段:

这部分代码主要是用汇编写的,属于bsp的一部分,然后rtems进入基于c代码的初始化第二阶段,但在进入第二阶段之前,必须要有一个可靠的运行环境,这就是第一阶段的汇编代码的工作,总结如下:

  • 屏蔽中断
  • 初始化cpu工作模式
  • 建立内核堆栈
  • 对bss段清零
  • 建立基本的内存布局

最开始的代码位于/rtems/c/src/lib/libbsp/pc386(这里选择对应的处理器)/start/start.s

函数调用如下图所示:

rtems网络移植-rtems系统初始化过程分析

大致的执行流程如下:

  • 屏蔽中断
  • 读取grub传递的multiboot_info,存放到boot_multiboot_info结构中
  • 跳转到_load_segment处,加载与pc硬件相关的全局描述符和中断描述符
  • 跳转到_establish,建立rtems内核栈空间
  • 清除BSS
  • 调用initvideo函数进行显示初始化
  • 调用checkcputypesetcr0查找cpu类型
  • 设定调用参数,调用第一个c函数boot_card

系统初始化第二阶段:

这一阶段主要是初始化内核组件和驱动程序做准备,与bsp联系紧密,主要工作如下:

  • 初始化rtems_cpu_table结构体的cpu_table全局变量
  • 初始化rtems_configuration_table结构体的configuration全局变量
  • 设置rtems workspace区域
  • 初始化中断和异常管理 初始化pci bios interface

执行流程:

rtems网络移植-rtems系统初始化过程分析

boot_card函数首先更新cpu配置表和rtems配置表,然后调用bsp_start函数,该函数主要完成以下工作:

  • 计算1ms时间指令的loop值
  • 进一步更新rtems的cpu配置表
  • 制定rtems的workspace的起始地址并分配空间
  • 初始化pci bios interface

执行完bsp_start函数后,进入第三阶段,开始执行rtems_initialize_executive_early函数。

系统初始化第三阶段:

这一阶段的工作量相对于前两个阶段要大很多,其最终目的是完成多任务切换,并切换到用户提供的任务,这部分主要工作是:

  • 初始化rtems核心层和系统服务层的功能组件
  • 初始化驱动程序
  • 进行多任务初始化

初始化管理器组件介绍:

当板级支持包bsp完成硬件级的基本初始化工作后,把控制权交给初始化管理器,初始化管理器的工作主要是负责启动和关闭rtems,启动rtems包括创建并且启动所有的配置好的初始化任务,并且初始化rtems系统使用到的设备驱动程序。

初始化rtems:

初始化管理器的主要操作体现在rtems_initialize_executive函数的实现机制,如果不使用该机制,也可以采用rtems_initialize_executive_early函数和rtems_initialize_executive_late函数的实现机制初始化。在rtems只能使用一种方法初始化系统化,不能重复初始化。

初始化所有的驱动程序:

这分成四个步骤,在具体执行初始化驱动程序之前,需要执行钩子函数(predriver_hook),然后执行IO_initialize_all_drivers()来完成具体的驱动程序初始化过程。

具体代码如下:

bootcard.c

/**
 * @file
 *
 * @ingroup bsp_bootcard
 *
 * @brief Standard system startup.
 *
 *  This is the C entry point for ALL RTEMS BSPs.  It is invoked
 *  from the assembly language initialization file usually called
 *  start.S.  It provides the framework for the BSP initialization
 *  sequence.  For the basic flow of initialization see RTEMS C User's Guide,
 *  Initialization Manager.
 *
 *  This style of initialization ensures that the C++ global
 *  constructors are executed after RTEMS is initialized.
 *  Thanks to Chris Johns <[email protected]> for the idea
 *  to move C++ global constructors into the first task.
 */

/*
 *  COPYRIGHT (c) 1989-2014.
 *  On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
 *
 *  The license and distribution terms for this file may be
 *  found in the file LICENSE in this distribution or at
 *  http://www.rtems.org/license/LICENSE.
 */

#include <bsp/bootcard.h>

#include <rtems.h>
#include <rtems/sysinit.h>

/*
 *  At most a single pointer to the cmdline for those target
 *  short on memory and not supporting a command line.
 */
const char *bsp_boot_cmdline;

RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM(
  bsp_work_area_initialize,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_BSP_WORK_AREAS,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE
);

RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM(
  bsp_start,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_BSP_START,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE
);

RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM(
  bsp_predriver_hook,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_BSP_PRE_DRIVERS,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE
);

/*
 *  This is the initialization framework routine that weaves together
 *  calls to RTEMS and the BSP in the proper sequence to initialize
 *  the system while maximizing shared code and keeping BSP code in C
 *  as much as possible.
 */
void boot_card(
  const char *cmdline
)
{
  rtems_interrupt_level  bsp_isr_level;

  /*
   *  Make sure interrupts are disabled.
   */
  (void) bsp_isr_level;
  rtems_interrupt_local_disable( bsp_isr_level );

  bsp_boot_cmdline = cmdline;

  rtems_initialize_executive();

  /***************************************************************
   ***************************************************************
   *  APPLICATION RUNS NOW!!!  We will not return to here!!!     *
   ***************************************************************
   ***************************************************************/
}
           

其中包含了三个初始化函数的调用:

RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM(
  bsp_work_area_initialize,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_BSP_WORK_AREAS,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE
);

RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM(
  bsp_start,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_BSP_START,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE
);

RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM(
  bsp_predriver_hook,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_BSP_PRE_DRIVERS,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE
);
           

boot_card函数中,包含rtems_initialize_executive函数,这是初始化管理函数,位于exinit.c文件中:

exinit.c

/**
 * @file
 *
 * @brief Initialization Manager
 *
 * @ingroup ClassicRTEMS
 */

/*
 *  COPYRIGHT (c) 1989-2014.
 *  On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).
 *
 *  The license and distribution terms for this file may be
 *  found in the file LICENSE in this distribution or at
 *  http://www.rtems.org/license/LICENSE.
 */

#if HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif

#include <rtems/system.h>
#include <rtems/config.h>
#include <rtems/extensionimpl.h>
#include <rtems/init.h>
#include <rtems/ioimpl.h>
#include <rtems/sysinit.h>
#include <rtems/score/sysstate.h>

#include <rtems/score/apimutex.h>
#include <rtems/score/copyrt.h>
#include <rtems/score/heap.h>
#include <rtems/score/interr.h>
#include <rtems/score/isr.h>
#include <rtems/score/priority.h>
#include <rtems/score/schedulerimpl.h>
#include <rtems/score/smpimpl.h>
#include <rtems/score/timecounter.h>
#include <rtems/score/threadimpl.h>
#include <rtems/score/todimpl.h>
#include <rtems/score/wkspace.h>

const char _Copyright_Notice[] =
"COPYRIGHT (c) 1989-2008.\n\
On-Line Applications Research Corporation (OAR).\n";

static Objects_Information *
_Internal_Objects[ OBJECTS_INTERNAL_CLASSES_LAST + 1 ];

static Objects_Information *_RTEMS_Objects[ OBJECTS_RTEMS_CLASSES_LAST + 1 ];

static Objects_Information *_POSIX_Objects[ OBJECTS_POSIX_CLASSES_LAST + 1 ];

Objects_Information ** const
_Objects_Information_table[ OBJECTS_APIS_LAST + 1 ] = {
  NULL,
  &_Internal_Objects[ 0 ],
  &_RTEMS_Objects[ 0 ],
  &_POSIX_Objects[ 0 ]
};

API_Mutex_Control *_RTEMS_Allocator_Mutex;

API_Mutex_Control *_Once_Mutex;

static void rtems_initialize_data_structures(void)
{
  /*
   *  Dispatching and interrupts are disabled until the end of the
   *  initialization sequence.  This prevents an inadvertent context
   *  switch before the executive is initialized.
   *
   *  WARNING: Interrupts should have been disabled by the BSP and
   *           are disabled by boot_card().
   */

  /*
   * Initialize any target architecture specific support as early as possible
   */
  _CPU_Initialize();

  _Thread_Dispatch_initialization();

  _ISR_Handler_initialization();

  _API_Mutex_Initialization( 2 );
  _API_Mutex_Allocate( &_RTEMS_Allocator_Mutex );
  _API_Mutex_Allocate( &_Once_Mutex );

  _Thread_Handler_initialization();

  _Scheduler_Handler_initialization();

  _SMP_Handler_initialize();
}

RTEMS_LINKER_ROSET( _Sysinit, rtems_sysinit_item );

RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM(
  rtems_initialize_data_structures,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_DATA_STRUCTURES,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE
);

/*
 *  No threads should be created before this point!!!
 *  _Thread_Executing and _Thread_Heir are not set.
 *
 *  At this point all API extensions are in place.  After the call to
 *  _Thread_Create_idle() _Thread_Executing and _Thread_Heir will be set.
 *
 *  Scheduling can properly occur afterwards as long as we avoid dispatching.
 */
RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM(
  _Thread_Create_idle,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_IDLE_THREADS,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE
);

/* Initialize I/O drivers.
 *
 * Driver Manager note:
 * All drivers may not be registered yet. Drivers will dynamically
 * be initialized when registered in level 2,3 and 4.
 */
RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM(
  _IO_Initialize_all_drivers,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_DEVICE_DRIVERS,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE
);

void rtems_initialize_executive(void)
{
  const volatile rtems_sysinit_item *cur = RTEMS_LINKER_SET_BEGIN(_Sysinit );
  const volatile rtems_sysinit_item *end = RTEMS_LINKER_SET_END( _Sysinit );

  /* Invoke the registered system initialization handlers */
  while ( cur != end ) {
    ( *cur->handler )();
    ++cur;
  }

  _System_state_Set( SYSTEM_STATE_UP );

  _SMP_Request_start_multitasking();

  _Thread_Start_multitasking();

  /*******************************************************************
   *******************************************************************
   *******************************************************************
   ******                 APPLICATION RUNS HERE                 ******
   ******              THE FUNCTION NEVER RETURNS               ******
   *******************************************************************
   *******************************************************************
   *******************************************************************/
}
           

在该文件中,包含了IO_initialize_all_drivers()函数的调用:

RTEMS_SYSINIT_ITEM(
  _IO_Initialize_all_drivers,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_DEVICE_DRIVERS,
  RTEMS_SYSINIT_ORDER_MIDDLE
);
           

IO_initialize_all_drivers()函数的定义在io.c文件中

#if HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif

#include <rtems/ioimpl.h>

bool _IO_All_drivers_initialized;

void _IO_Initialize_all_drivers( void )
{
   rtems_device_major_number major;

   _IO_All_drivers_initialized = true;

   for ( major= ; major < _IO_Number_of_drivers ; major ++ )
     (void) rtems_io_initialize( major, , NULL );
}
           

可以看到,主要是利用for循环rtems_io_initialize函数进行初始化,其中major就是driver的注册的数量,查找rtems_io_initialize函数的实现,在ioInitialize.c文件中:

ioInitialize.c

#if HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif

#include <rtems/ioimpl.h>

rtems_status_code rtems_io_initialize(
  rtems_device_major_number  major,
  rtems_device_minor_number  minor,
  void                      *argument
)
{
  rtems_device_driver_entry callout;

  if ( major >= _IO_Number_of_drivers )
    return RTEMS_INVALID_NUMBER;

  callout = _IO_Driver_address_table[major].initialization_entry;
  return callout ? callout(major, minor, argument) : RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL;
}
           

从该函数的实现可以看出,其实驱动函数的初始化就是调用_IO_Driver_address_table这个表中驱动设备的初始化入口成员函数,也就是initialization_entry,现在就比较明朗了,只要查找_IO_Driver_address_table表,然后向其中添加设备注册即可。该表位于confdefs.h文件中。

rtems_driver_address_table
    _IO_Driver_address_table[ CONFIGURE_MAXIMUM_DRIVERS ] = {
    #ifdef CONFIGURE_BSP_PREREQUISITE_DRIVERS
      CONFIGURE_BSP_PREREQUISITE_DRIVERS,
    #endif
    #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_PREREQUISITE_DRIVERS
      CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_PREREQUISITE_DRIVERS,
    #endif
    #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_CONSOLE_DRIVER
      CONSOLE_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY,
    #endif
    #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_CLOCK_DRIVER
      CLOCK_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY,
    #endif
    #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_RTC_DRIVER
      RTC_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY,
    #endif
    #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_WATCHDOG_DRIVER
      WATCHDOG_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY,
    #endif
    #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_STUB_DRIVER
      DEVNULL_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY,
    #endif
    #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_ZERO_DRIVER
      DEVZERO_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY,
    #endif
    #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_IDE_DRIVER
      IDE_CONTROLLER_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY,
    #endif
    #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_ATA_DRIVER
      ATA_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY,
    #endif
    #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_FRAME_BUFFER_DRIVER
      FRAME_BUFFER_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY,
    #endif
    #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_EXTRA_DRIVERS
      CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_EXTRA_DRIVERS,
    #endif
    #ifdef CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_NULL_DRIVER
      NULL_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY
    #elif !defined(CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_CONSOLE_DRIVER) && \
        !defined(CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_CLOCK_DRIVER) && \
        !defined(CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_RTC_DRIVER) && \
        !defined(CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_STUB_DRIVER) && \
        !defined(CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_ZERO_DRIVER) && \
        !defined(CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_IDE_DRIVER) && \
        !defined(CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_ATA_DRIVER) && \
        !defined(CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_NEEDS_FRAME_BUFFER_DRIVER) && \
        !defined(CONFIGURE_APPLICATION_EXTRA_DRIVERS)
      NULL_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY
    #endif
  };
           

可以看到这个table包含了很多外设的宏entry入口,比如console、clock等,接下来以console串口的entry举例,CONSOLE_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY,该宏定义位于console.h中:

#define CONSOLE_DRIVER_TABLE_ENTRY \
  { console_initialize, console_open, console_close, \
    console_read, console_write, console_control }
           

发现宏中包含了很多console函数的声明:

console_initialize:

rtems_device_driver console_initialize(
  rtems_device_major_number  major,
  rtems_device_minor_number  minor,
  void                      *arg
);
           

参数major:设备驱动的主号码

参数minor:设备驱动的次号码

当返回RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL表示初始化成功

这些函数的实现基本都是在具体的处理器和bsp代码中。所以可移植性很强。只要保证接口函数相同即可。

最后在rtems_initialize_executive函数中,执行_Thread_Start_multitasking();开始多任务模式,rtems的系统初始化工作就结束了。

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