django项目的目录结构:
dj_education文件夹:
settings.py:django项目的全局配置
url.py:url配置
templates文件夹:存放html文件
manage.py:项目启动的文件
static文件夹:存放js、css、image等文件
log文件夹:存放log日志
media文件夹:用户上传的文件
创建message应用: pycharm->tools-->run manage.py task-->输入django命令 startapp message-->回车
apps包:(将项目划分成多个应用) 设置mark as root 并在setttings.py配置apps的目录 即可很方便的访问apps下的包
message
生成数据表:pycharm->tools-->run manage.py task-->makemigrations-->migrate
静态资源目录配置 加载css和js、image:
settings.py:
# 静态文件目录配置
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
]
Django Model字段类型(Field Types)
Django Model字段选项(Field Options)
python django模型内部类meta详细解释
数据库操作:
查找:UserMessage.objects.filter(message=‘大时代’) 返回usermessage表 message="大时代"的所有数据,返回Queryset
可遍历
UserMessage.objects.all() 返回usermessage表所有数据
UserMessage.objects.get(pk=1) 返回usermessage表主键为1的数据
删除:message.delete()
新增:user_message = UserMessage()
user_message.name = name
user_message.save()
from .models import UserMessage
def getform(request):
# filter(name=,message=) 通过字段name message查找 返回QuerySet 可遍历
messages = UserMessage.objects.filter(message='大时代')
# message.delete() 删除数据
for message in messages:
message.delete()
# post 方式提交表单
# if request.method == 'POST':
# request.POST.get() 获取前端传过来的参数
# name = request.POST.get('name', '')
# email = request.POST.get('email', '')
# address = request.POST.get('address', '')
# message = request.POST.get('message', '')
# 保存前端提交的信息 user_message.save()
# user_message = UserMessage()
# user_message.name = name
# user_message.email = email
# user_message.address = address
# user_message.message = message
# user_message.object_id = 'hello_world2'
# user_message.save()
# get方式返回表单页面
return render(request, 'message_form.html')
django项目的数据库设计:
![](https://img.laitimes.com/img/__Qf2AjLwojIjJCLyojI0JCLiAzNvwVZ2x2bzNXak9CX90TQNNkRrFlQKBTSvwFbslmZvwFMwQzLcVmepNHdu9mZvwFVywUNMZTY18CX052bm9CXw0EVNp3ZE10dRpHW4Z0MMBjVtJWd0ckW65UbM5WOHJWa5kHT20ESjBjUIF2LcRHelR3LcJzLctmch1mclRXY39DN2kDMxEDN0ETNxATM4EDMy8CX0Vmbu4GZzNmLn9Gbi1yZtl2Lc9CX6MHc0RHaiojIsJye.jpg)
app的整体设计 users用户表 courses课程表 organization:课程机构和课程讲师(课程讲师属于课程机构) operation:是三者之间的关联操作表 避免循环引用
users_用户管理表的设计:
django自带的auth_user用户表是不满足项目需求的,需要在此基础上扩展
轮播图和邮箱验证作为独立的表 放入用户模块
# python自带的模块
from datetime import datetime
# django自带的模块
from django.db import models
# 引入django自带的auth_user表对应的类
# 查看源码AbstractUser是一个抽象类可继承
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
# Create your models here.
class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
nick_name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"昵称", default="")
# 生日可不填 允许为空
birthday = models.DateField(verbose_name=u"生日", null=True, blank=True)
# 在django的models.py 中,我们定义了一些choices的元组,类似一些字典值,
# 一般都是下拉框或者单多选框,例如 0对应男 1对应女等
# 第一个元素存储在数据库中,第二个元素可由obj.get_gender_display获取
gender = models.CharField(max_length=50, choices=(("male", u"男"), ("female", u"女")), default='female')
address = models.CharField(max_length=100, default=u"")
# 手机号可以为空
mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, blank=True)
# 图片上传 路径upload_to 避免重名加入日期 %Y:年 %m:月, default:默认图形
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='image/%Y/%m', default=u"image/default.png", max_length=100)
class Meta:
verbose_name = u'用户信息'
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return self.username
# 邮箱验证 独立的
class EmailVerifyRecord(models.Model):
code = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name=u"验证码")
email = models.EmailField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"邮箱")
send_type = models.CharField(choices=(('register', u"注册"), ('forget', u"修改密码")))
send_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"邮箱验证码"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
# 轮播图 独立的
class Banner(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name=u"标题")
image = models.ImageField(upload_to="banner/%Y/%m", verbose_name=u"轮播图", max_length=100)
url = models.URLField(max_length=200, verbose_name=u"访问地址")
index = models.IntegerField(default=100, verbose_name=u"顺序")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"轮播图"
verbose_name_plural =verbose_name
注意:图片上传需要安装pillow: pip install pillow
settings.py:
# 重载user
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.UserProfile'
删除原来的所有表 执行makemigration -->migrate重新生成数据表
course课程应用数据表设计:
from datetime import datetime
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
# 课程信息表
class Course(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"课程名")
desc = models.CharField(max_length=300, verbose_name=u"课程描述")
# 课程详情 富文本 不限长度 使用TextField()
detail = models.TextField(verbose_name=u"课程详情")
degree = models.CharField(verbose_name=u"学习难度", choices=(("cj", "初级"), ("zj", "中级"), ("gj", "高级")), max_length=2)
# 学习时长
learn_times = models.IntergerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"学习时长(分钟)")
students = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"学习人数")
fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"收藏人数")
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='courses/%Y/%m', verbose_name=u"封面图", max_length=100)
click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"点击数")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"课程"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
# 课程表和章节表是一对多的关系 通过外键来关联
class Lesson(models.Model):
course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"课程")
name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name=u"章节名")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"章节"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
# 章节表和视频表是一对多的关系 通过外键来关联
class Video(models.Model):
lesson = models.ForeignKey(Lesson, verbose_name=u"章节")
name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name=u"视频名")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"视频"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
# 课程表和课程资源表是一对多的关系 通过外键关联
class CourseResource(models.Model):
course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"课程")
name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"名称")
download = models.FileField(upload_to="course/resource/%Y/%m", verbose_name=u"资源文件", max_length=100)
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"课程资源"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
organization机构应用数据表设计:
from datetime import datetime
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
# 城市表
class CityDict(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name=u"城市")
desc = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name=u"描述")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"城市"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
# 机构信息表
class CourseOrg(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"机构名称")
desc = models.TextField(verbose_name=u"机构描述")
click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"点击数")
fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"收藏数")
image = models.ImageField(upload_to="org/%Y/%m", verbose_name=u"封面图")
address = models.CharField(max_length=150, verbose_name=u"机构地址")
# 城市下机构 一个城市对应多个机构 通过该外键关联
city = models.ForeignKey(CityDict, verbose_name=u"所在城市")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"课程机构"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
# 教师信息表
# 一个机构对应多个教师 通过外键关联
class Teacher(models.Model):
org = models.ForeignKey(CourseOrg, verbose_name=u"所属机构")
name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"教师名")
work_years = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"工作年限")
work_company = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"就职公司")
work_position = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"公司职位")
point = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"教学特点")
click_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"点击数")
fav_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"收藏数")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"新增时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"教师"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
operation操作应用数据库的设计:
from datetime import datetime
from django.db import models
from users.models import UserProfile
from courses.models import Course
# Create your models here.
# 用户咨询表
class UserAsk(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name=u"姓名")
mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name=u"手机号")
curse_name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"课程名")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"用户咨询"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
# 用户课程评论表
class CourseComment(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"用户", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"课程", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
comments = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name=u"评论")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"课程评论"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
# 用户收藏
class UserFavorite(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"用户", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
fav_id = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"数据id")
# 收藏类型
fav_type = models.IntegerField(choices=((1, "课程"), (2, "课程机构"), (3, "授课老师")))
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"用户收藏"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
# 用户消息
class UserMessage(models.Model):
# 0:全部用户 除0之外为具体的id用户
user = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"接收用户")
message = models.CharField(max_length=500, verbose_name=u"消息内容")
has_read = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否已读")
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"用户消息"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
# 用户学习的课程
class UserCourse(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"用户", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"课程", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")
class Meta:
verbose_name = u"用户课程"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
注意:django2:models外键的必须设置 on_delete=models.CASCADE 否则会报错
user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"用户",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
执行makemigrations-->migrate 生成数据表
xadmin
1.安装xadmin:https://github.com/sshwsfc/xadmin/tree/django2 github download zip
pycharm 新建extra_app python包并mark Directo as root
settings.py:
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'extra_apps'))
将下载的包解压下的xamin目录至于extra_app目录下
2.安装依赖包:pip install django-crispy-forms django-import-export django-reversion django-formtools future httplib2 six xlsxwriter
3.settings.py注册上:
INSTALLED_APPS=[
'django.contrib.admin',
'xadmin',
'crispy_forms',
'reversion'
]
4.urls.py:
# from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
import xadmin
urlpatterns = [
# path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('message/', include('message.urls')),
path('xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls)
]
4.run运行 输入127.0.0.1/xadmim 报错
原因是没有生成对应的数据表:执行makemigrations -->migrate
将app应用配置到xadmin中
以users应用为例:在users下新建xadmin.py文件配置如下(UserProfile用户信息表已自动注册了无需再注册):
# pycharm中配置的python文件的模板
__author__ = "westbrook-ding"
__date__ = "2018/10/22 0022 14:09"
import xadmin
from .models import EmailVerifyRecord, Banner
# 注册xadmin邮箱验证码
class EmailVerifyRecordAdmin(object):
# list_display指定xadmin要显示的字段
list_display = ['id', 'email', 'code', 'send_type', 'send_time']
# search_fields 提供搜索功能 可根据指定字段进行搜索
search_fields = ['email', 'code', 'send_type']
# list_filter可提供过滤器功能
list_filter = ['id', 'email', 'code', 'send_type', 'send_time']
# 注册xadmin轮播图
class BannerAdmin(object):
# list_display指定xadmin要显示的字段
list_display = ['title', 'image', 'url', 'index', 'add_time']
# search_fields 提供搜索功能 可根据指定字段进行搜索
search_fields = ['title', 'image', 'url', 'index', 'add_time']
# list_filter可提供过滤器功能
list_filter = ['title', 'image', 'url', 'index', 'add_time']
xadmin.site.register(EmailVerifyRecord, EmailVerifyRecordAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Banner, BannerAdmin)
xadmin的主题、系统名称、底部公司、左侧菜单等的设置
在users下的xadmin.py配置
# pycharm中配置的python文件的模板
__author__ = "westbrook-ding"
__date__ = "2018/10/22 0022 14:09"
import xadmin
# 引入xadmin的views 设置xadmin主题
from xadmin import views
# 设置主题
class BaseSetting(object):
enable_themes = True
use_bootswatch = True
# 全局设置
class GlobalSettings(object):
# 系统名称
site_title = 'westbrook-ding教学后台管理系统'
# 底部公司名称
site_footer = 'westbrook-ding科技有限公司'
# 左侧菜单的展示方式 默认展示 accordion:收起
menu_style = 'accordion'
# 通过views.BaseAdminView注册主题配置
xadmin.site.register(views.BaseAdminView, BaseSetting)
# 通过views.CommAdminView注册全局配置
xadmin.site.register(views.CommAdminView, GlobalSettings)
xadmin左侧菜单应用名称设置
以users应用为例:
1.users下的app.py设置如下:
from django.apps import AppConfig
class UsersConfig(AppConfig):
name = 'apps.users'
# 修改应用显示名称
verbose_name = u'用户信息'
2.users下的__init__.py设置如下:
# 加载app配置
default_app_config = "users.apps.UsersConfig"