标准 C 语言头文件

标准 C 语言头文件

ISO C 标准定义的头文件(24 项)

<assert.h> 验证程序断言 <complex.h> 支持复数算术运算 <ctype.h> 字符类型

<errno.h> 出错码 <fenv.h> 浮点环境 <float.h> 浮点常量

<inttypes.h> 整型格式转换 <iso646.h> 替代关系操作符宏 <limits.h> 实现常量

<locale.h> 局部类别 <math.h> 数学常量 <setjmp.h> 非局部 goto

<signal.h> 信号 <stdarg.h> 可变参数表 <stdbool.h> 布尔类型和值

<stddef.h> 标准定义 <stdint.h> 整型 <stdio.h> 标准 I/O 库

<stdlib.h> 实用程序库函数 <string.h> 字符串操作 <tgmath.h> 通用类型数学宏

<time.h> 时间和日期 <wchar.h> 宽字符支持 <wctype.h> 宽字符分类和映射支持

POSIX 标准定义的必须的头文件(26 项)

<dirent.h> 目录项 <fcntl.h> 文件控制 <fnmatch.h> 文件名匹配类型

<glob.h> 路径名模式匹配类型 <grp.h> 组文件 <netdb.h> 网络数据库操作

<pwd.h> 口令文件 <regex.h> 正则表达式 <tar.h> tar 归档值

<termios.h> 终端 I/O <unistd.h> 符号常量 <utime.h> 文件时间

<wordexp.h> 字扩展类型 <arpa/inet.h> Internet 定义 <net/if.h> 套接字本地接口

<netinet/in.h> Internet 地址族 <netinet/tcp.h> 传输控制协议 <sys/mman.h> 内存管理声明

<sys/select.h> select 函数 <sys/socket.h> 套接字接口 <sys/stat.h> 文件状态

<sys/times.h> 进程时间 <sys/types.h> 基本系统数据类型 <sys/un.h> UNIX 域套接字定义

<sys/utsname.h>系统名 <sys/wait.h> 进程控制

POSIX 标准定义的 XSI 扩展头文件(26 项)

<cpio.h> cpio 归档值 <dlfcn.h> 动态链接 <fmtmsg.h> 消息显示结构

<ftw.h> 文件树漫游 <iconv.h> 代码集转换实用程序 <langinfo.h> 语言信息常量

<libgen.h> 模式匹配函数定义 <monetary.h> 货币类型 <ndbm.h> 数据库操作

<nl_types.h> 消息类别 <poll.h> 轮询函数 <search.h> 搜索表

<strings.h> 字符串操作 <syslog.h> 系统出错日志记录 <ucontext.h> 用户上下文

<ulimit.h> 用户限制 <utmpx.h> 用户帐户数据库 <sys/ipc.h> IPC

<sys/msg.h> 消息队列 <sys/resource.h> 资源操作 <sys/sem.h> 信号量

<sys/shm.h> 共享存储 <sys/statvfs.h> 文件系统信息 <sys/time.h> 时间类型

<sys/timeb.h> 附加的时间 <sys/uio.h> 矢量 I/O 操作

POSIX 标准定义的可选头文件(8 项)

<aio.h> 异步 I/O <mqueue.h> 消息队列 <pthread.h> 线程

<sched.h> 执行调度 <semaphore.h> 信号量 <spawn.h> 实时 spawn 接口

<stropts.h> XSI STREAMS 接口 <trace.h> 时间跟踪

标准 C++ 语言头文件(54 个其中 16 个用于构建 STL,3 个为附加非必须)

<bitset> STL 位集容器 <cassert> 用于在程序运行时执行断言

<cctype> 字符处理 <cerrno> 错误码 <cfloat> 用于测试浮点类型属性

<ciso646> ISO646 变体字符集 <climits> 测试整数类型属性 <clocale> 本地化函数

<cmath> 数学函数 <complex> <csignal> 信号 <cstdarg> 访问参数数量变化的函数 <cstddef> 用于定义实用的类型和宏

<cstdio> 输入/输出 <cstdlib> 杂项函数及内存分配 <cstring> 字符串

<ctime> 时间 <cwchar> 宽字符处理及输入/输出 <cwctype> 宽字符分类

<deque> STL 双端队列容器 <exception> 异常处理类 <fstream> 文件流

<functional> STL 函数对象 <iomanip> 参数化输入/输出 <ios>

<iosfwd> 输入/输出前置声明 <iostream> 数据流输入/输出 <istream> 基本输入流

<iterator> 遍历序列的类 <limits> 各种数据类型最值常量 <list>

<locale> 国际化支持 <map> STL 映射容器 <memory> 专用内存分配器

<new> 基本内存分配和释放 <numeric> 通用的数字操作 <ostream> 基本输出流

<queue> STL 队列容器 <set> STL 集合容器 <sstream> 基于字符串的流

<stack> STL 堆栈容器 <stdexcept> 标准异常类 <streambuf> iostream 的缓冲区类

<string> 字符串类 <strstream> 非内存字符序列的流类 <typeinfo>

<utility> STL 通用模板类 <valarray> 支持值数组的类和模版类 <vector> STL 动态数组容器

<algorithm>

STL 通用算法

复数类

<csetjmp> 执行非内部的 goto 语句

基本输入/输出支持

标准 C++附加的头文件(3 个)非必须

<hash_map>

<hash_set>

<slist>

STL 线性列表容器

运行时类型标识

The Standard C++ library consists of 51 required headers.This implementation also includes

three additional headers,<hash_map>,<hash_set>,and <slist>,not required by the C++ Standard,

for a total of 54 headers.Of these 54 headers,16 constitute the Standard Template Library,

or STL.These are indicated below with the notation

<algorithm> -- (STL) for defining numerous templates that implement useful algorithms

<bitset> -- for defining a template class that administers sets of bits

<complex> -- for defining a template class that supports complex arithmetic

<deque> -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a deque container

<exception> -- for defining several functions that control exception handling

<fstream>

-- for defining several iostreams template classes that manipulate exteral files

<functional>

-- (STL) for defining several templates that help construct predicates for

the templates defined in <algorithm> and <numeric>

<hash_map>

-- (STL) for defining template classes that implement hashed associative containers

that map keys to values

<hash_set> -- (STL) for defining template classes that implement hashed associative containers

<iomanip> -- for declaring several iostreams manipulators that take an argument

<ios> -- for defining the template class that serves as the base for many iostreams classes

<iosfwd> -- for declaring several iostreams template classes before they are necessarily

defined

<iostream> -- for declaring the iostreams objects that manipulate the standard streams

<istream> -- for defining the template class that performs extractions

<iterator> -- (STL) for defining several templates that help define and manipulate iterators

<limits> -- for testing numeric type properties

<list> -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a doubly linked list container

<locale> -- for defining several classes and templates that control

locale-specific behavior, as in the iostreams classes

<map>

-- (STL) for defining template classes that implement associative containers that

map keys to values

<memory>

-- (STL) for defining several templates that allocate and free storage for various

container classes

<new> -- for declaring several functions that allocate and free storage

<numeric> -- (STL) for defining several templates that implement useful numeric functions

<ostream> -- for defining the template class that performs insertions

<queue> -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a queue container

<set> -- (STL) for defining template classes that implement associative containers

<slist> -- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a singly linked list container

<sstream> -- for defining several iostreams template classes that manipulate string containers

<stack>

-- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a stack container

<stdexcept> -- for defining several classes useful for reporting exceptions

<streambuf> -- for defining template classes that buffer iostreams operations

<string>

-- for defining a template class that implements a string container

<strstream> -- for defining several iostreams classes that manipulate in-memory character

sequences

<typeinfo> -- for defining class type_info, the result of the typeid operator

<utility>

-- (STL) for defining several templates of general utility

<valarray> -- for defining several classes and template classes that support value-oriented

arrays

<vector>

-- (STL) for defining a template class that implements a vector container

新的 C 标准库

<cassert> -- for enforcing assertions when functions execute

<cctype> -- for classifying characters

<cerrno> -- for testing error codes reported by library functions

<cfloat> -- for testing floating-point type properties

<ciso646> -- for programming in ISO 646 variant character sets

<climits> -- for testing integer type properties

<clocale> -- for adapting to different cultural conventions

<cmath> -- for computing common mathematical functions

<csetjmp> -- for executing nonlocal goto statements

<csignal> -- for controlling various exceptional conditions

<cstdarg> -- for accessing a varying number of arguments

<cstddef> -- for defining several useful types and macros

<cstdio> -- for performing input and output

<cstdlib> -- for performing a variety of operations

<cstring> -- for manipulating several kinds of strings

<ctime> -- for converting between various time and date formats

<cwchar> -- for manipulating wide streams and several kinds of strings

<cwctype> -- for classifying wide characters

旧的 C 标准库

<assert.h> -- for enforcing assertions when functions execute

<ctype.h> -- for classifying characters

<errno.h> -- for testing error codes reported by library functions

<float.h> -- for testing floating-point type properties

<iso646.h> -- for programming in ISO 646 variant character sets

<limits.h> -- for testing integer type properties

<locale.h> -- for adapting to different cultural conventions

<math.h>

-- for computing common mathematical functions

<setjmp.h> -- for executing nonlocal goto statements

<signal.h> -- for controlling various exceptional conditions

<stdarg.h> -- for accessing a varying number of arguments

<stddef.h> -- for defining several useful types and macros

<stdio.h>

-- for performing input and output

<stdlib.h> -- for performing a variety of operations

<string.h> -- for manipulating several kinds of strings

<time.h> -- for converting between various time and date formats

<wchar.h> -- for manipulating wide streams and several kinds of strings

<wctype.h> -- for classifying wide characters

Finally, in this implementation, the Standard C++ library also includes several headers for

compatibility with traditional C++ libraries:

<fstream.h> -- for defining several iostreams template classes that manipulate exteral files

<iomanip.h> -- for declaring several iostreams manipulators that take an argument

<iostream.h> -- for declaring the iostreams objects that manipulate the standard streams

<new.h> -- for declaring several functions that allocate and free storage

<stl.h> -- for declaring several template classes that aid migration from older versions

of the Standard Template Library