前言
环境说明
CentOS 7(Minimal Install)
$ cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)
安装和配置步骤
1.配置 yum 源
下载 mysql 源安装包
$ curl -LO http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
安装 mysql 源
$ sudo yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
检查 yum 源是否安装成功
$ sudo yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
mysql-connectors-community MySQL Connectors Community 21
mysql-tools-community MySQL Tools Community 38
mysql57-community MySQL 5.7 Community Server 130
如上所示，找到了 mysql 的安装包
2.安装
$ sudo yum install mysql-community-server
3.启动
安装服务
$ sudo systemctl enable mysqld
启动服务
$ sudo systemctl start mysqld
查看服务状态
$ sudo systemctl status mysqld
4.修改 root 默认密码
MySQL 5.7 启动后，在 /var/log/mysqld.log 文件中给 root 生成了一个默认密码。通过下面的方式找到 root 默认密码，然后登录 mysql 进行修改：
$ grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
[Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: **********
登录 MySQL 并修改密码
$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
注意：MySQL 5.7 默认安装了密码安全检查插件(validate_password)，默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含：大小写字母、数字和特殊符号，并且长度不能少于 8 位。
通过 MySQL 环境变量可以查看密码策略的相关信息：
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password_check_user_name | OFF |
| validate_password_dictionary_file | |
| validate_password_length | 8 |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count | 1 |
| validate_password_number_count | 1 |
| validate_password_policy | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1 |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
指定密码校验策略
$ sudo vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# 添加如下键值对, 0=LOW, 1=MEDIUM, 2=STRONG
validate_password_policy=0
禁用密码策略
$ sudo vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# 禁用密码校验策略
validate_password = off
重启 MySQL 服务，使配置生效
$ sudo systemctl restart mysqld
5.添加远程登录用户
MySQL 默认只允许 root 帐户在本地登录，如果要在其它机器上连接 MySQL，必须修改 root 允许远程连接，或者添加一个允许远程连接的帐户，为了安全起见，本例添加一个新的帐户：
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'secret' WITH GRANT OPTION;
6.配置默认编码为 utf8
MySQL 默认为 latin1, 一般修改为 UTF-8
$ vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# 在myslqd下添加如下键值对
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
重启 MySQL 服务，使配置生效
$ sudo systemctl restart mysqld
查看字符集
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec
7.开启端口
$ sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload
参考资料