前置步骤
Python版本:3.6.4
selenium版本:3.11.0
>>> import selenium
>>> help(selenium)
IDE:Pycharm
学习目的
- 掌握Python版本的selenium自动化技能,对所学的知识总结,可以作为日后工作的参考;
- 对学习的Python脚本编码能力再磨练,实战中学习;
- 为后续的跳槽作准备,说难听点,不会编码的测试,去哪都没啥竞争力
正式步骤
Step1:unittest框架中最核心的4个概念:test fixture(测试固件)、test case(测试用例)、test suite(测试套件)、test runner(测试运行器)
运行工作图:
运行数据流:
- 一个TestCase的实例就是一个测试用例。什么是测试用例呢?就是一个完整的测试流程,包括测试前准备环境的搭建(setUp),执行测试代码(run),以及测试后环境的还原(tearDown)。元测试(unit test)的本质也就在这里,一个测试用例是一个完整的测试单元,通过运行这个测试单元,可以对某一个问题进行验证。
- 而多个测试用例集合在一起,就是TestSuite,而且TestSuite也可以嵌套TestSuite。
- TestLoader是用来加载TestCase到TestSuite中的,其中有几个loadTestsFrom__()方法,就是从各个地方寻找TestCase,创建它们的实例,然后add到TestSuite中,再返回一个TestSuite实例。
- TextTestRunner是来执行测试用例的,其中的run(test)会执行TestSuite/TestCase中的run(result)方法。测试的结果会保存到TextTestResult实例中,包括运行了多少测试用例,成功了多少,失败了多少等信息。
- 而对一个测试用例环境的搭建和销毁,是一个fixture。
简单示例:
import unittest
class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):
def test_upper(self):
self.assertEqual('foo'.upper(), 'FOO')
def test_isupper(self):
self.assertTrue('FOO'.isupper())
self.assertFalse('FFF'.isupper(),msg='wrong flag')
def test_split(self):
s = 'hello world'
self.assertEqual(s.split(), ['hello', 'world'])
# check that s.split fails when the separator is not a string
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
s.split(2)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
运行结果:
F..
======================================================================
FAIL: test_isupper (__main__.TestStringMethods)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "F:/python_stack/python_autotest/demo.py", line 10, in test_isupper
self.assertFalse('FFF'.isupper(),msg='wrong flag')
AssertionError: True is not false : wrong flag
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.001s
FAILED (failures=1)
运行结果告诉我们:
1.测试用例执行后,结果顺序是随机排序;
2.测试用例以test为前缀;
3.如果想单独运行一个用例,点击相应的测试用例代码区域,右键点击运行相应的方法
4,运行测试套件可以点击run(alt+shift+F10)
Step2:test fixture之setUp() + tearDown() 和 setUpClass() 与 tearDownClass()
setUp() + tearDown() :在每个测试方法执行前以及执行后执行一次,setUp用来为测试准备环境,tearDown用来清理环境,准备之后的测试
setUpClass() 与 tearDownClass():在所有case执行之前准备一次环境,并在所有case执行结束之后再清理环境
实例代码:
import unittest
class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
#只执行一次,在所有用例开始前执行,一般用来预制数据,也可以为下发自动化task初始化
print('setUpClass'+'\n')
@classmethod
def tearDownClass(cls):
#只执行一次,在所用测试用例执行完毕后运行,一般用来清理测试环境
print('tearDownClass'+'\n')
def setUp(self):
# 每个用例都执行,在单个用例运行前执行
print('准备开始执行用例'+'\n')
def tearDown(self):
#每个用例都执行,在单个用例运行后执行
print('清理此用例的初始化'+'\n')
def test_upper(self):
self.assertEqual('foo'.upper(), 'FOO')
print('test_upper'+'\n')
def test_isupper(self):
self.assertTrue('FOO'.isupper())
self.assertFalse('Foo'.isupper(),msg='wrong flag')
print('test_isupper'+'\n')
def test_split(self):
s = 'hello world'
self.assertEqual(s.split(), ['hello', 'world'])
# check that s.split fails when the separator is not a string
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
s.split(2)
print('test_split'+'\n')
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
运行结果:
...
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.000s
OK
setUpClass
准备开始执行用例
test_isupper
清理此用例的初始化
准备开始执行用例
test_split
清理此用例的初始化
准备开始执行用例
test_upper
清理此用例的初始化
tearDownClass
Step3:test suite 的使用方法
test suite(测试套件)的作用是批量运行多个测试用例,此外还可以做的操作是:
- 调整测试用例执行顺序
- 多个test suite中的test case执行
- (暂留)
实例1: 同一个文件中不同测试类中的测试用例加载到测试套件中
import unittest
class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):
def test_upper(self):
self.assertEqual('foo'.upper(), 'FOO')
def test_isupper(self):
self.assertTrue('FOO'.isupper())
self.assertFalse('Foo'.isupper())
def test_split(self):
s = 'hello world'
self.assertEqual(s.split(), ['hello', 'world'])
# check that s.split fails when the separator is not a string
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
s.split(2)
class MathMethods(unittest.TestCase):
def test_sum(self):
s = 'Python'
self.assertNotEquals('python',s.islower())
if __name__ == '__main__':
testcase1 = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(MathMethods)
testcase2 = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(TestStringMethods)
suite = unittest.TestSuite([testcase1,testcase2])
#verbosity的参数为0/1/2,2的回显结果最详细
unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
运行结果:
test_sum (__main__.MathMethods) ... ok
test_isupper (__main__.TestStringMethods) ... ok
test_split (__main__.TestStringMethods) ... ok
test_upper (__main__.TestStringMethods) ... ok
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 4 tests in 0.001s
OK
实例2:按照特定顺序执行用例
import unittest
class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):
def test_upper(self):
self.assertEqual('foo'.upper(), 'FOO')
print('test_upper')
def test_isupper(self):
self.assertTrue('FOO'.isupper())
self.assertFalse('Foo'.isupper())
print('test_isupper')
def test_split(self):
s = 'hello world'
self.assertEqual(s.split(), ['hello', 'world'])
# check that s.split fails when the separator is not a string
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
s.split(2)
print('test_split')
if __name__ == '__main__':
print('单个单个添加测试用例')
suite = unittest.TestSuite()
suite.addTest(TestStringMethods('test_upper'))
suite.addTest(TestStringMethods('test_split'))
suite.addTest(TestStringMethods('test_isupper'))
runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
runner.run(suite)
print('同时添加多个测试用例')
suite1 = unittest.TestSuite()
suite1.addTests([TestStringMethods('test_split'),TestStringMethods('test_isupper'),TestStringMethods('test_upper')])
runner2 = unittest.TextTestRunner()
runner2.run(suite1)
Step4: 忽略某个测试用例不执行,也就是跳过某个用例不执行
import unittest
import sys
class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):
@unittest.skipIf('F'=='f','不满足判断条件就执行')
def test_upper2(self):
self.assertEqual('foo'.upper(), 'FOO')
print('test_upper2')
@unittest.skipIf('F'=='f'.upper(),'满足判断条件就不执行')
def test_upper(self):
self.assertEqual('foo'.upper(), 'FOO')
print('test_upper')
@unittest.skip('忽略此用例不执行')
def test_isupper(self):
self.assertTrue('FOO'.isupper())
self.assertFalse('Foo'.isupper())
print('test_isupper')
#skipUnless表示如果系统名称是linux,用例就忽略执行,提示用户使用win,sys.platform返回操作系统平台名称
#Python startswith() 方法用于检查字符串是否是以指定子字符串开头
@unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith('linux'),'we need windows')
def test_split(self):
s = 'hello world'
self.assertEqual(s.split(), ['hello', 'world'])
# check that s.split fails when the separator is not a string
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
s.split(2)
print('test_split')
if __name__ == '__main__':
suite1 = unittest.TestSuite()
suite1.addTests([TestStringMethods('test_upper2'),TestStringMethods('test_split'),TestStringMethods('test_isupper'),TestStringMethods('test_upper')])
runner2 = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2)
runner2.run(suite1)
运行结果:
test_upper2 (__main__.TestStringMethods) ... ok
test_upper2
test_split (__main__.TestStringMethods) ... skipped 'we need windows'
test_isupper (__main__.TestStringMethods) ... skipped '忽略此用例不执行'
test_upper (__main__.TestStringMethods) ... skipped '满足判断条件就不执行'
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 4 tests in 0.001s
OK (skipped=3)
Step5:将运行结果保存到文件中
import unittest
import sys
class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):
@unittest.skipIf('F'=='f','不满足判断条件就执行')
def test_upper2(self):
self.assertEqual('foo'.upper(), 'FOO')
print('test_upper2')
@unittest.skipIf('F'=='f'.upper(),'满足判断条件就不执行')
def test_upper(self):
self.assertEqual('foo'.upper(), 'FOO')
print('test_upper')
@unittest.skip('忽略此用例不执行')
def test_isupper(self):
self.assertTrue('FOO'.isupper())
self.assertFalse('Foo'.isupper())
print('test_isupper')
#skipUnless表示如果系统名称是linux,用例就忽略执行,提示用户使用win,sys.platform返回操作系统平台名称
#Python startswith() 方法用于检查字符串是否是以指定子字符串开头
@unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith('linux'),'we need windows')
def test_split(self):
s = 'hello world'
self.assertEqual(s.split(), ['hello', 'world'])
# check that s.split fails when the separator is not a string
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
s.split(2)
print('test_split')
if __name__ == '__main__':
suite1 = unittest.TestSuite()
suite1.addTests([TestStringMethods('test_upper2'),TestStringMethods('test_split'),TestStringMethods('test_isupper'),TestStringMethods('test_upper')])
with open('result.txt','a+',encoding='utf-8') as f:
runner2 = unittest.TextTestRunner(stream=f,verbosity=2)
runner2.run(suite1)
方法就是上述代码所示
Step6: 使用HTMLTestRunner生成HTML格式测试报告
测试脚本:
import unittest
import os
from HTMLTestRunner import HTMLTestRunner
class TestStringMethods(unittest.TestCase):
def test_upper(self):
self.assertEqual('foo'.upper(), 'FOO')
print('test_upper')
def test_isupper(self):
self.assertTrue('FOO'.isupper())
self.assertFalse('Foo'.isupper())
print('test_isupper')
def test_split(self):
s = 'hello world'
self.assertEqual(s.split(), ['hello', 'world'])
# check that s.split fails when the separator is not a string
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
s.split(2)
print('test_split')
if __name__ == '__main__':
report = os.path.join('D:/Python36/report/report.html')
suite1 = unittest.TestSuite()
suite1.addTests([TestStringMethods('test_split'),TestStringMethods('test_isupper'),TestStringMethods('test_upper')])
with open(report,'wb') as f:
runner2 = HTMLTestRunner(stream=f,title='Test Result',description='operator:admin',verbosity=2)
runner2.run(suite1)
测试结果:
HTMLTestRunner脚本来自:https://blog.csdn.net/huilan_same/article/details/77944829
难点分析:
1. Python3很多测试类不支持,没有Python2那么好找解决办法
2. 效率太慢,明天继续
学习总结:
磨磨蹭蹭终于开始做自己想做的事情了,希望半个月到一个月内,可以输出stepbystep的测试步骤,而且是Python3脚本,挺有意思的,就是公司没有外网,坑啊
参考资料:
https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/unittest.html#
https://blog.csdn.net/huilan_same/article/details/52944782
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/wuzhiming/p/8858305.html