This year marks the 70th anniversary of the proclamation of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. On June 28th, a grand commemoration ceremony was held in Beijing.
Reflecting on this milestone, Professor Huang Huikang from Wuhan University's Institute of International Law provided insights in an exclusive interview with Yangcheng Evening News on how the international community can better promote the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence today.
Huang Huikang: In promoting a world of multipolarity based on mutual respect, equality, and order, sovereignty, and equality remain fundamental principles governing relations between nations under international law. Upholding sovereignty entails mutual respect for each other's independence, territorial integrity, and political autonomy. It involves respecting nations' rights to choose their own development paths and social systems and acknowledging their efforts to maintain political security and social stability. It also means respecting countries' endeavors to promote economic and social development, enhance public welfare, and autonomously resolve disputes. In a context of equal multipolarity, all nations, regardless of size or strength, are equal under the law, with equal rights, opportunities, and adherence to rules, enabling them to equally participate, enjoy rights, and play roles in the multipolar process. Ordered multipolarity entails adhering to the principles and purposes of the United Nations Charter and universally recognized norms in international relations, fostering cooperation in global governance processes.
Striving for mutually beneficial cooperation, we advocate for inclusive economic globalization. As a community with a shared destiny, cooperation for mutual benefit should guide countries' basic policy orientations in handling international affairs. It requires embracing new concepts of win-win outcomes, rejecting zero-sum thinking, and upholding principles of fairness and justice to safeguard a fair and rational international economic order. Inclusive globalization means addressing imbalances in global resource allocation that affect countries internally and between nations, ensuring that the benefits of economic and social development reach all peoples. It supports countries in choosing development models based on their national conditions, opposing unilateralism and protectionism that harm others without benefiting oneself, and rejecting all forms of de-globalization.
To achieve peaceful coexistence and support inclusive cultural diversity, it is essential not only to respect the various civilizations that have evolved from different histories, national conditions, ethnicities, and customs but also to promote their mutual learning and integration through dialogue and inclusivity. Upholding an ethos of equality, mutual learning, dialogue, and inclusiveness in civilizations fosters their creative development and opposes theories of "clash of civilizations" or notions of cultural superiority. It rejects the exclusion or repression of dissenting voices and opposes imposing democratic or liberal values in ways that intensify confrontation. Furthermore, it opposes associating terrorism with specific ethnic or religious groups.
Building upon the foundation of international rule of law, democratic governance of international relations is crucial. The international rule of law not only represents a collective human aspiration but also serves as a vital safeguard for democratizing international relations. Strengthening international legislation promotes global governance, ensuring the equal participation of all nations in rule-making processes, and ensuring international rules reflect rights, obligations, and responsibilities equitably, balancing national interests with global common interests. It aims to uphold and develop the universally recognized international legal framework based on the UN Charter. Upholding impartial international justice, international judicial institutions should adhere to objective and fair principles, interpret and apply international law comprehensively, accurately, equally, and consistently within their authorized mandate, avoiding overreach or expansion of authority. Countries should also create a conducive international environment for independent performance and non-interference in each other's affairs. Enhancing law enforcement and judicial cooperation under recognized international law is crucial for cross-border extradition, asset recovery, combating drug trafficking, cybercrime, and terrorism, while staunchly opposing actions that infringe on sovereign rights under the pretext of crime prevention.
To champion multilateralism and firmly establish a fair and just image of a great nation, it is crucial to recognize that today's world is interconnected, with shared destinies and common challenges. Collaborative efforts and mutual benefit are essential in navigating these challenges together. Countries must steadfastly uphold the authority of the United Nations (UN) and unequivocally oppose closed-group politics disguised under the banner of multilateralism. They should resist attempts to impose the domestic laws and norms of a few countries on the international community and reject attempts to ideologize multilateralism. It is imperative to uphold international law based on the UN Charter and guard against remnants of hegemony and colonialism that undermine universally recognized international laws and basic principles of international relations. This entails using universally applied international law to guide international relations practices consistently.
Source: Yangcheng Evening News
专访黄惠康：当前国际社会应怎样更好继承弘扬和平共处五项原则？
今年是和平共处五项原则发表70周年。6月28日，和平共处五项原则发表70周年纪念大会在北京隆重举行。
70年后的今天，国际社会应如何更好弘扬和平共处五项原则？对此，武汉大学国际法治研究院特聘教授黄惠康接受了羊城晚报专访。
黄惠康：要以相互尊重为前提，倡导平等有序的世界多极化。主权平等仍是国与国规范彼此关系的最重要准则和国际法基本原则。基于主权平等，各国应彼此尊重，包括尊重彼此主权独立、领土完整和政治独立，尊重各国人民自主选择的发展道路和社会制度，尊重各国为维护自身政治安全和社会稳定所作的努力，尊重各国推动经济社会发展、促进民生福祉的实践，尊重各国自主选择争端解决方式的权利，尊重各国的合理安全关切。平等的多极化意味着各国不分大小、强弱在法律上均为平等主体，权利平等、机会平等、规则平等，在多极化进程中平等参与、享受权利、发挥作用。有序的多极化意味着共同恪守《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则，共同坚持普遍认同的国际关系基本准则，在全球治理的进程中彼此合作。
要以合作共赢为追求，推动普惠包容的经济全球化。人类是休戚与共的命运共同体，合作共赢应该成为各国处理国际事务的基本政策取向。要树立双赢、多赢、共赢的新理念，摒弃你输我赢、赢者通吃的旧思维，要坚持正确义利观，维护好公平合理的国际经济秩序。普惠的全球化，意味着妥善解决资源全球配置带来的国家间和各国内部发展失衡问题，让经济社会发展的成果惠及各国人民；包容的全球化，意味着支持各国基于国情自主选择的发展模式，不搞损人利己，甚至损人不利己的单边主义、保护主义，反对各种形式的“逆全球化”。
要以和平共处为目标，支持包容互鉴的文明多样化。不仅要尊重不同历史和国情、民族和习俗孕育出的不同文明，也要携手推动不同文明在交流中彼此借鉴融合，坚持弘扬平等、互鉴、对话、包容的文明观，进而推动人类文明实现创造性发展。共同反对“文明冲突论”“文明优劣论”，反对排斥、打压异己，反对输出“民主”“自由”价值理念加剧对抗，更反对将恐怖主义同特定民族宗教挂钩。
要以国际法治为依托，推进国际关系的民主法治化。国际法治是人类的共同追求，更是国际关系民主化的重要保障。要加强国际立法，以国际良法促进全球善治，保障各国平等地参与规则的制定，确保国际规则全面、均衡、公平体现各国的权利、义务和责任，并平衡各国利益和国际社会共同利益，不断巩固和发展以《联合国宪章》为基础的普遍公认的国际法体系。要公正国际司法，国际司法机构应秉持客观、公正立场，全面、准确、平等、统一解释和适用国际法规则，严格在国际社会授权范围内开展司法活动，避免越权、扩权。各国也应持续为其免受干预地独立履职创造良好国际环境。要深化执法司法合作，各国应依据公认的国际法开展跨境追逃追赃，打击毒品犯罪、网络犯罪、恐怖犯罪等，坚决反对以打击犯罪为借口侵犯他国主权的行径。
要以多边主义为旗帜，树牢公道正义的大国形象。国际形势的演变一再表明，命运与共、休戚相关是当今世界的最大现实，同舟共济、合作共赢是应对挑战的必由之路。各国要坚定维护联合国权威，旗帜鲜明地反对以多边主义为幌子搞封闭的集团政治，或将少数国家的“家法帮规”强加给国际社会，身体力行地抵制将多边主义意识形态化行径；坚定维护以《联合国宪章》为基础的国际法，警惕霸权主义、殖民主义国际法残余对公认的国际法及国际关系基本准则的侵蚀，用统一适用的国际法来指导国际关系实践。
文丨记者 董柳翻译丨刘佳慧