Ubuntu 14.04 設定Android開發環境

準備Java環境

本文隻安裝sdk，不安裝什麼IDE，因為我隻需要指令行模式開發即可。

首先安裝openjdk 1.6，然後安裝ant，這個不贅述。

下載下傳SDK

從這裡下載下傳SDK for Linux 64bit的版本: http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html?hl=sk#download

wget http://dl.google.com/android/android-sdk_r23.0.2-linux.tgz
           

下載下傳後，解壓到本地目錄，比如/opt/目錄下， 然後設定環境變量，添加三行到~/.bashrc檔案

export ANDROID_HOME=/opt/android-sdk-linux
PATH=$PATH:/opt/android-sdk-linux/tools
PATH=$PATH:/opt/android-sdk-linux/platform-tools
           

運作Android SDK Manager

運作android指令，将會彈出SDK Manager對話框，從中選擇需要的package進行安裝

安裝模拟裝置

android avd
           

具體參考官方文檔： http://developer.android.com/training/basics/firstapp/running-app.html

我建立了一個模拟裝置。  最後運作該模拟裝置。

建立工程

顯示targets

$ android list targets
Available Android targets:
----------
id: 1 or "android-10"
Name: Android 2.3.3
Type: Platform
API level: 10
Revision: 2
Skins: WQVGA400, HVGA, WVGA854, QVGA, WQVGA432, WVGA800 (default)
Tag/ABIs : default/armeabi
----------
id: 2 or "android-19"
Name: Android 4.4.2
     Type: Platform
     API level: 19
     Revision: 3
     Skins: WQVGA400, HVGA, WXGA800-7in, WXGA800, WVGA854, QVGA, WQVGA432, WVGA800 (default), WSVGA, WXGA720
 Tag/ABIs : default/armeabi-v7a
----------
id: 3 or "Google Inc.:Google APIs:10"
     Name: Google APIs
     Type: Add-On
     Vendor: Google Inc.
     Revision: 2
     Description: Android + Google APIs
     Based on Android 2.3.3 (API level 10)
     Libraries:
      * com.android.future.usb.accessory (usb.jar)
          API for USB Accessories
      * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar)
          API for Google Maps
     Skins: WVGA854, WVGA800 (default), WQVGA400, QVGA, WQVGA432, HVGA
 Tag/ABIs : default/armeabi
----------
id: 4 or "Google Inc.:Google APIs x86:19"
     Name: Google APIs x86
     Type: Add-On
     Vendor: Google Inc.
     Revision: 4
     Description: Android + Google APIs x86
     Based on Android 4.4.2 (API level 19)
     Libraries:
      * com.google.android.media.effects (effects.jar)
          Collection of video effects
      * com.android.future.usb.accessory (usb.jar)
          API for USB Accessories
      * com.google.android.maps (maps.jar)
          API for Google Maps
     Skins: WVGA800 (default), QVGA, WSVGA, WXGA800-7in, WQVGA400, WVGA854, WXGA720, WXGA800, WQVGA432, HVGA
 Tag/ABIs : default/x86
           

建立工程

$ android create project --target android-10 --name MyFirstApp \
--path MyFirstApp --activity MainActivity --package com.example.myfirstapp
> Created project directory: MyFirstApp
Created directory /home/dean/work/gitlab_cloud/android/example/MyFirstApp/src/com/example/myfirstapp
Added file MyFirstApp/src/com/example/myfirstapp/MainActivity.java
Created directory /home/dean/work/gitlab_cloud/android/example/MyFirstApp/res
Created directory /home/dean/work/gitlab_cloud/android/example/MyFirstApp/bin
Created directory /home/dean/work/gitlab_cloud/android/example/MyFirstApp/libs
Created directory /home/dean/work/gitlab_cloud/android/example/MyFirstApp/res/values
Added file MyFirstApp/res/values/strings.xml
Created directory /home/dean/work/gitlab_cloud/android/example/MyFirstApp/res/layout
Added file MyFirstApp/res/layout/main.xml
Added file MyFirstApp/AndroidManifest.xml
Added file MyFirstApp/build.xml
Added file MyFirstApp/proguard-project.txt
[email protected]:~/work/gitlab_cloud/android/example$ ls
MyFirstApp  README
[email protected]:~/work/gitlab_cloud/android/example$ cd MyFirstApp/
[email protected]:~/work/gitlab_cloud/android/example/MyFirstApp$ ls
AndroidManifest.xml  ant.properties  bin  build.xml  libs  local.properties  proguard-project.txt  project.properties  res  src
           

編譯

運作下面的指令編譯

ant debug
           

如果報以下錯誤：

[aapt] /opt/android-sdk-linux/build-tools/19.0.3/aapt: error while loading shared libraries: libz.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
           

安裝庫：

sudo apt-get install lib32z1
           

部署程式到模拟器

$ adb install bin/MyFirstApp-debug.apk
97 KB/s (4858 bytes in 0.048s)
	pkg: /data/local/tmp/MyFirstApp-debug.apk
Success
           

運作程式

好了，現在可以在模拟器裡面運作程式了。 運作程式MainActivity，顯示下面的文字:

Hello World, MainActivity

該文字其實是定義在./res/layout/main.xml 檔案中:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    >
<TextView  
    android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
    android:text="Hello World, MainActivity"
    />
</LinearLayout>
           

定義應用程式名稱

如果想要修改Android中的應用程式名，不是在pom.xml中編輯，而是在src/values/strings.xml中定義，比如：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <string name="app_name">mvn_example1</string>
    <string name="edit_message">Enter a message</string>
    <string name="button_send">Send</string>
    <string name="action_settings">Settings</string>
    <string name="title_activity_main">MainActivity</string>
</resources>