spring mvc轉

一、SpringMVC基礎入門，建立一個HelloWorld程式

　　1.首先，導入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

　　2.添加Web.xml配置檔案中關于SpringMVC的配置

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<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping--> < servlet > < servlet-name >springmvc</ servlet-name > < servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</ servlet-class > < init-param > < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name > < param-value >classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</ param-value > </ init-param > <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> --> </ servlet > < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >springmvc</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >/</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping >

　　3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置檔案

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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">                    <!-- scan the package and the sub package --> < context:component-scan base-package = "test.SpringMVC" /> <!-- don't handle the static resource --> < mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting --> < mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver --> < bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id = "internalResourceViewResolver" > <!-- 字首 --> < property name = "prefix" value = "/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <!-- 字尾 --> < property name = "suffix" value = ".jsp" /> </ bean > </ beans >

　　4.在WEB-INF檔案夾下建立名為jsp的檔案夾，用來存放jsp視圖。建立一個hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

　　5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

　　6.編寫Controller代碼

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@Controller @RequestMapping ( "/mvc" ) public class mvcController { @RequestMapping ( "/hello" ) public String hello(){        return "hello" ; } }

　　7.啟動伺服器，鍵入 http://localhost:8080/項目名/mvc/hello

　二、配置解析

　　1.Dispatcherservlet

　　DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml檔案中的。攔截比對的請求，Servlet攔截比對規則要自已定義，把攔截下來的請求，依據相應的規則分發到目标Controller來處理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

　　2.InternalResourceViewResolver

　　視圖名稱解析器

　　3.以上出現的注解

　　@Controller 負責注冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中

　　@RequestMapping 注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求

　三、SpringMVC常用注解

　　@Controller

　　負責注冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中

　　@RequestMapping

　　注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求

　　@RequestBody

　　該注解用于讀取Request請求的body部分資料，使用系統預設配置的HttpMessageConverter進行解析，然後把相應的資料綁定到要傳回的對象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter傳回的對象資料綁定到 controller中方法的參數上

　　@ResponseBody

　　該注解用于将Controller的方法傳回的對象，通過适當的HttpMessageConverter轉換為指定格式後，寫入到Response對象的body資料區

　　@ModelAttribute 　　　

　　在方法定義上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在調用目标處理方法前，會先逐個調用在方法級上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

　　在方法的入參前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以從隐含對象中擷取隐含的模型資料中擷取對象，再将請求參數 –綁定到對象中，再傳入入參将方法入參對象添加到模型中 

　　@RequestParam　

　　在處理方法入參處使用 @RequestParam 可以把請求參 數傳遞給請求方法

　　@PathVariable

　　綁定 URL 占位符到入參

　　@ExceptionHandler

　　注解到方法上，出現異常時會執行該方法

　　@ControllerAdvice

　　使一個Contoller成為全局的異常處理類，類中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以處理所有Controller發生的異常

　四、自動比對參數

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//match automatically @RequestMapping ( "/person" ) public String toPerson(String name, double age){ System.out.println(name+ " " +age); return "hello" ; }

　五、自動裝箱

　　1.編寫一個Person實體類

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package test.SpringMVC.model; public class Person { public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge( int age) { this .age = age; } private String name; private int age; }

　　2.在Controller裡編寫方法

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//boxing automatically @RequestMapping ( "/person1" ) public String toPerson(Person p){ System.out.println(p.getName()+ " " +p.getAge()); return "hello" ; }

　六、使用InitBinder來處理Date類型的參數

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//the parameter was converted in initBinder @RequestMapping ( "/date" ) public String date(Date date){ System.out.println(date); return "hello" ; } //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date" @InitBinder public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ binder.registerCustomEditor(Date. class , new CustomDateEditor( new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyy-MM-dd" ), true )); }

　七、向前台傳遞參數

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//pass the parameters to front-end @RequestMapping ( "/show" ) public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){ Person p = new Person(); map.put( "p" , p); p.setAge( 20 ); p.setName( "jayjay" ); return "show" ; }

　　前台可在Request域中取到"p"

　八、使用Ajax調用

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//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax @RequestMapping ( "/getPerson" ) public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){ pw.write( "hello," +name);        } @RequestMapping ( "/name" ) public String sayHello(){ return "name" ; }

　　前台用下面的Jquery代碼調用

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$( function (){ $( "#btn" ).click( function (){ $.post( "mvc/getPerson" ,{name:$( "#name" ).val()}, function (data){ alert(data); }); }); });

　九、在Controller中使用redirect方式處理請求

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//redirect @RequestMapping ( "/redirect" ) public String redirect(){ return "redirect:hello" ; }

　十、檔案上傳

　　1.需要導入兩個jar包

　　2.在SpringMVC配置檔案中加入

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<!-- upload settings --> < bean id = "multipartResolver" class = "org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" > < property name = "maxUploadSize" value = "102400000" ></ property > </ bean >

　　3.方法代碼

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@RequestMapping (value= "/upload" ,method=RequestMethod.POST) public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{ MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req; MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile( "file" ); String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyyMMddHHmmss" );        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath( "/" )+ "upload/" +sdf.format( new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf( '.' ))); fos.write(file.getBytes()); fos.flush(); fos.close(); return "hello" ; }

　　4.前台form表單

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< form action = "mvc/upload" method = "post" enctype = "multipart/form-data" > < input type = "file" name = "file" >< br > < input type = "submit" value = "submit" > </ form >

　十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定參數的name

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@Controller @RequestMapping ( "/test" ) public class mvcController1 { @RequestMapping (value= "/param" ) public String testRequestParam( @RequestParam (value= "id" ) Integer id, @RequestParam (value= "name" )String name){ System.out.println(id+ " " +name); return "/hello" ; }    }

　十二、RESTFul風格的SringMVC

　　1.RestController

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@Controller @RequestMapping ( "/rest" ) public class RestController { @RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.GET) public String get( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){ System.out.println( "get" +id); return "/hello" ; } @RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.POST) public String post( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){ System.out.println( "post" +id); return "/hello" ; } @RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.PUT) public String put( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){ System.out.println( "put" +id); return "/hello" ; } @RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.DELETE) public String delete( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){ System.out.println( "delete" +id); return "/hello" ; } }

　　2.form表單發送put和delete請求

　　在web.xml中配置

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<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete --> < filter > < filter-name >HiddenHttpMethodFilter</ filter-name > < filter-class >org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</ filter-class > </ filter > < filter-mapping > < filter-name >HiddenHttpMethodFilter</ filter-name > < url-pattern >/*</ url-pattern > </ filter-mapping >

　　在前台可以用以下代碼産生請求

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< form action = "rest/user/1" method = "post" > < input type = "hidden" name = "_method" value = "PUT" > < input type = "submit" value = "put" > </ form > < form action = "rest/user/1" method = "post" > < input type = "submit" value = "post" > </ form > < form action = "rest/user/1" method = "get" > < input type = "submit" value = "get" > </ form > < form action = "rest/user/1" method = "post" > < input type = "hidden" name = "_method" value = "DELETE" > < input type = "submit" value = "delete" > </ form >

　十三、傳回json格式的字元串

　　1.導入以下jar包

　　2.方法代碼

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@Controller @RequestMapping ( "/json" ) public class jsonController { @ResponseBody @RequestMapping ( "/user" ) public User get(){ User u = new User(); u.setId( 1 ); u.setName( "jayjay" ); u.setBirth( new Date()); return u; } }

　十四、異常的處理

　　1.處理局部異常（Controller内）

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@ExceptionHandler public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView( "error" ); mv.addObject( "exception" , ex); System.out.println( "in testExceptionHandler" ); return mv; } @RequestMapping ( "/error" ) public String error(){ int i = 5 / ; return "hello" ; }

　　2.處理全局異常（所有Controller）

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@ControllerAdvice public class testControllerAdvice { @ExceptionHandler public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView( "error" ); mv.addObject( "exception" , ex); System.out.println( "in testControllerAdvice" ); return mv; } }

　　3.另一種處理全局異常的方法

　　在SpringMVC配置檔案中配置

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<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver --> < bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver" > < property name = "exceptionMappings" > < props > < prop key = "java.lang.ArithmeticException" >error</ prop > </ props > </ property > </ bean >

　　error是出錯頁面

　十五、設定一個自定義攔截器

　　1.建立一個MyInterceptor類，并實作HandlerInterceptor接口

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public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3) throws Exception { System.out.println( "afterCompletion" ); } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception { System.out.println( "postHandle" ); } @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2) throws Exception { System.out.println( "preHandle" ); return true ; } }

　　2.在SpringMVC的配置檔案中配置

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<!-- interceptor setting --> < mvc:interceptors > < mvc:interceptor > < mvc:mapping path = "/mvc/**" /> < bean class = "test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor" ></ bean > </ mvc:interceptor >        </ mvc:interceptors >

　　3.攔截器執行順序

　十六、表單的驗證（使用Hibernate-validate）及國際化

　　1.導入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未選中不用導入)

　　2.編寫實體類User并加上驗證注解

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public class User { public int getId() { return id; } public void setId( int id) { this .id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this .birth = birth; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]" ; }    private int id; @NotEmpty private String name; @Past @DateTimeFormat (pattern= "yyyy-MM-dd" ) private Date birth; }

　　ps:@Past表示時間必須是一個過去值

　　3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表單

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< form:form action = "form/add" method = "post" modelAttribute = "user" > id:< form:input path = "id" />< form:errors path = "id" />< br > name:< form:input path = "name" />< form:errors path = "name" />< br > birth:< form:input path = "birth" />< form:errors path = "birth" /> < input type = "submit" value = "submit" > </ form:form >

　　ps:path對應name

　　4.Controller中代碼

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@Controller @RequestMapping ( "/form" ) public class formController { @RequestMapping (value= "/add" ,method=RequestMethod.POST)    public String add( @Valid User u,BindingResult br){ if (br.getErrorCount()> ){            return "addUser" ; } return "showUser" ; } @RequestMapping (value= "/add" ,method=RequestMethod.GET) public String add(Map<String,Object> map){ map.put( "user" , new User()); return "addUser" ; } }

　　ps:

　　1.因為jsp中使用了modelAttribute屬性，是以必須在request域中有一個"user".

　　[email protected] 表示按照在實體上标記的注解驗證參數

　　3.傳回到原頁面錯誤資訊回回顯，表單也會回顯

　　5.錯誤資訊自定義

　　在src目錄下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong      

　　在SpringMVC配置檔案中配置

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<!-- configure the locale resource --> < bean id = "messageSource" class = "org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource" > < property name = "basename" value = "locale" ></ property > </ bean >

　　6.國際化顯示

　　在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=賬号
password=密碼      

　　locale.properties中添加

username=user name
password=password      

　　建立一個locale.jsp

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< body > < fmt:message key = "username" ></ fmt:message > < fmt:message key = "password" ></ fmt:message > </ body >

　　在SpringMVC中配置

1 2	<!-- make the jsp page can be visited --> < mvc:view-controller path = "/locale" view-name = "locale" />

　　讓locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接通路

　　最後，通路locale.jsp，切換浏覽器語言，能看到賬号和密碼的語言也切換了

　十七、壓軸大戲--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

　　1.建立一個test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用來示範整合，并建立各類

　　2.User實體類

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public class User { public int getId() { return id; } public void setId( int id) { this .id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this .birth = birth; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]" ; }    private int id; @NotEmpty private String name; @Past @DateTimeFormat (pattern= "yyyy-MM-dd" ) private Date birth; }

　　3.UserService類

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@Component public class UserService { public UserService(){ System.out.println( "UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n" ); } public void save(){ System.out.println( "save" ); } }

　　4.UserController

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@Controller @RequestMapping ( "/integrate" ) public class UserController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @RequestMapping ( "/user" ) public String saveUser( @RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){ System.out.println(u); userService.save(); return "hello" ; } }

　　5.Spring配置檔案

　　在src目錄下建立SpringIOC的配置檔案applicationContext.xml

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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd " xmlns:util = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" > < context:component-scan base-package = "test.SpringMVC.integrate" > < context:exclude-filter type = "annotation" expression = "org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> < context:exclude-filter type = "annotation" expression = "org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" />        </ context:component-scan > </ beans >

　　在Web.xml中添加配置

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<!-- configure the springIOC --> < listener > < listener-class >org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</ listener-class > </ listener > < context-param >  < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name >  < param-value >classpath:applicationContext.xml</ param-value > </ context-param >

　　6.在SpringMVC中進行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC對同一個對象的管理重合

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<!-- scan the package and the sub package --> < context:component-scan base-package = "test.SpringMVC.integrate" > < context:include-filter type = "annotation" expression = "org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> < context:include-filter type = "annotation" expression = "org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" /> </ context:component-scan >

　十八、SpringMVC詳細運作流程圖

　十九、SpringMVC與struts2的差別

　　1、springmvc基于方法開發的，struts2基于類開發的。springmvc将url和controller裡的方法映射。映射成功後springmvc生成一個Handler對象，對象中隻包括了一個method。方法執行結束，形參資料銷毀。springmvc的controller開發類似web service開發。

　　2、springmvc可以進行單例開發，并且建議使用單例開發，struts2通過類的成員變量接收參數，無法使用單例，隻能使用多例。

　　3、經過實際測試，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts标簽，如果使用struts建議使用jstl。