Lu Jiuyuan
My heart is the reason for the queen
In 1175, Lu Jiuyuan, Lu Jiuling and Zhu Xi met at the Goose Lake Academy and held a debate on their respective academic views, which is the famous "Goose Lake Meeting" in history.
Before reviewing this famous debate, let's first understand the protagonist of the story, the founding father of the mind, Lu Jiuyuan.
Lu Jiuyuan, Zi Jing, a native of Jinxi, Fuzhou. Because he lectured in Guixi Xiangshan, he was known as "Mr. Xiangshan" by the academic community. He pioneered a school of mind science, advocating the theory that "heart is reason", inheriting Kong Meng, and starting Wang Yangming from the top, forming the "Lu Wang Xinxue", which not only had a major impact on china, but also on the ideological and social changes in Japan, South Korea, Singapore and other countries.
In the ninth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1139), Lu Jiuyuan was born into a declining family. The ancestor Lu Xisheng served as the prime minister during the time of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang, and at the end of the fifth dynasty, he moved to Jinxi to avoid war. By the time Lu Jiuyuan was born, his family was in decline, and the family's property was only 10 acres of vegetable fields, a medicine shop, and a school. Lu Jiuyuan was originally going to be adopted by his neighbors, but it was the eldest brother Lu Jiusi and his wife who left him behind and raised him.
Lu Jiuyuan behaved differently from other children since he was a child, quite studious and thoughtful, and often thought about problems to the point of sleeping and forgetting to eat. Once, when he read the word "universe" in an ancient book, he suddenly woke up: "The universe is my heart, and my heart is the universe", thus sowing the seeds of "mind science".
In 1172, Lu Jiuyuan passed the examination for the jinshi and entered the career path. Feeling bitterly at the "shame of Jingkang", he visited the world's heroes to discuss strategies for recovering the Central Plains. In 1186, Lu Jiuyuan returned to his hometown to give lectures at the Xiangshan Academy, promoting the way of "heart learning". In 1191, Lu Jiuyuan was promoted to the post of Jingmen Commandery (荆門軍知軍), and he had great political achievements. In 1193, Lu Jiuyuan died at the age of 54.
When Lu Jiuyuan returned to his hometown, every time he opened the lecture, students gathered, and even some elderly people came to listen to the lectures on crutches, and disciples were all over Jiangxi and Zhejiang. Lu Jiuyuan's teaching did not follow the norms, and if the disciple had a small mistake, he would move it with affection and understand it, and those who were confused would give him an analysis of the reasons one by one.
In 1175, at the invitation of Lü Zuqian, Lu Jiuyuan and Zhu Xi launched a great debate on "heart" and "reason" at the Goose Lake Academy in Leadshan Mountain. Zhu Xi advocated enlightening inner knowledge through the extensive reading of books and observations of external objects; Lu Jiuyuan believed that it was necessary to "first invent the original mind of man and then make it expo", advocating that "the heart is the reason", taking the heart as the root of all moral values, and extending from "clear heart" to reading and learning. In the end, the two sides gave poetry and debated, each holding their own opinions, and neither could convince the other.
After this "debate", Lu Jiuyuan further elaborated the transcendental theory of "mind is reason" on "honorability" and "inventing the original mind", and the "mind science" he founded and Zhu Xi's theory were called the "two great manifestations" at that time.
Lu Jiuyuan's friendship with Zhu Xi was not affected by differences of opinion, and the two often exchanged letters and discussed learning. Lu Jiuyuan was invited by Zhu Xi to the White Deer Cave Academy to teach the students the chapter of the Analects, "Gentlemen are righteous, villains are yuli". The people who listened to the lecture were deeply moved, and some even shed tears.
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