On the morning of July 22, 2021, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the People's Republic of China and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, came to Nyingchi Railway Station, an important hub station of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, to learn about the overall planning of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway and the construction and operation of the Lhasa-Nyingchi section, and to listen to the report on the promotion of the construction of the Ya'an to Nyingchi section.
At present, the entire territory of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway in Ya'an is spread out, and fierce battles are in full swing, and Ya'an sword refers to the "first city of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway"——
In September 1930, Liu Manqing, a female envoy of the Republic of China, went to Tibet via Ya'an, Sichuan, and she stood at Jinjiguan overlooking: "Surrounded by mountains on all sides, the city walls are like the bottom of the kettle." ”
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the governor of Yazhou, Cao Shubin, also left a poem that read, "The Hundred Pheasants Linliu is Ya'an, and the Qiangshui River Locks the City Pill".
Map of Yazhou Prefecture Painted in the Twelfth Year of Qianlong (1747).
"Xiongbian" Millennium: Qiangshui River Lock City Pill
Ya'an was built for more than 2,000 years, after several migrations, today's Ya'an City was built during the Northern Song Dynasty Zhenzong Dazhongxiang Fu period (1008-1016 AD), "the city wall is like the bottom of the kettle" Ya'an, has been more than a thousand years. Lü Tao (1028-1104), a Meishan man, wrote the Collected Works of Lü Tao, which contains the following passage:
Since its establishment, Yazhou has only taken wood as a fence, the north of Gaiya Prefecture, according to the bank of the river, the water overflows in autumn and summer, the wood fence is flooded, or the city wall is repaired, that is, it is flooded, especially easy to collapse, its south is based on the mountain, the mountain is dangerous and obstructive, it is difficult to build a board, the east and west sides, the terrain is slightly flat, and it can be built. And the soil is moist and sandy, and it is destroyed by rain.
Xiuya Prefecture City is expected to need more than 600,000 soldiers, more than 2.3 million bamboo, wood, bricks and stones. The subject Fushimi Xi Ningzhong, under the defense of Yu Chong, looked at Chengdu Road and approached the barbarian state military village. Yu Chong begs to build the city of Yazhou. The number of counted materials is vast. Continuing the approval of the Imperial Yuan, the Yongkang Army of Hanmei Prefecture built the city of Yazhou.
It seems that the original Ya'an City was only a small wooden village on the banks of the Tsing Yi River, and it was often flooded. A man named Yu Chong "begged to build Yazhou City", what does Ya'an City look like? There is no answer in the text. In the Republic of China edition of the "History of Ya'an", we find a description of Ya'an City during the Ming Hongwu Period:
The height of the city is two feet and five feet, and the surrounding area is five miles, counting nine hundred zhang. Ming Hongwu Zhong's thousand households yu Yu Zhengxiu. Masonry is made of stone, the pool is one foot deep, and the width is eight feet with the twists and turns of the city. The fourth gate of the city gate, the east is the Mingde Gate, the west is the Zhenshu Gate, the south is the Wei'en Gate, and the north is the Ying'en Gate. There are buildings at each gate.
There must be text and there must be pictures. Where is the diagram? Pictured in the Library of Sichuan University.
The treasure of the town hall of the Sichuan University Library, "The Whole Map of the Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan Tong Province in the Early Qing Dynasty", "The Map of Yazhou Capital" lies quietly inside. "The Complete Map of the Shape of Mountains and Rivers in Tong Province, Sichuan in the Early Qing Dynasty" was drawn by the famous court painter Dong Bangda, and the historical value is extremely high, which can be called the treasure of China's ancient public opinion map.
After the 150 maps were drawn, they remained in the palace as top secret documents for military use. After the Eight-Power Alliance invaded Beijing, the map was exiled from the palace to the people, and after several circulations, it was treasured by the library of Sichuan University.
Similar to this province map, there are only two sets of Zhejiang and Sichuan in the country.
The "Complete Map of mountains and rivers in Sichuan Province in the early Qing Dynasty" was drawn in the twelfth year of Qianlong (1747), more than 270 years ago, "What was Ya'an like more than two hundred years ago?" "A lot of people have questions. In the vast sea of historical maps, a map of Ya'an in the Qing Dynasty "surfaced". In this map, the images of mountains, trees, rivers, and cities come to life, and it not only has high cultural relics value, historical value, but also high artistic value.
The "Map of Yazhou Capital" is centered on the capital city and the content is very rich. Judging from the content of the picture, it mainly includes city walls, buildings, mountains, roads, passes, weirs and ponds. Due to the special geographical situation and military strategic needs, land and water are very important for the Yazhou capital, so the names of roads, passes and ferries such as Jinliang are also marked on the map, such as Feixian Guantang and Guandukoutang. Unlike the modern habit of drawing north, south, left, right, and west, the azimuth coordinates of the "Map of Yazhou Capital" are not uniform and are marked with the terrain.
The "Complete Map of the Mountains and Rivers of Sichuan Tong Province in the Early Qing Dynasty" was drawn in units of provinces and counties, and unexpectedly, a road map from Luding to the Arrow Furnace (an important section of the Sichuan-Tibet Tea Horse Ancient Road) was also specially drawn, highlighting the importance of Ya'an in the west to Kangzang as the "gateway to Kangzang".
The Map of Yazhou Prefecture plays a very important role in studying the strategic position of Yazhou Prefecture in the campaign to quell the Jinchuan Rebellion, and is a map of extremely high military geographical value.
The "Map of Yazhou Prefecture" was made for military purposes, and the key transportation routes and guan pass jindu in Yazhou were drawn in particular detail, which was conducive to the Qing army to prepare operational plans and formulate operational routes from a macroscopic perspective.
In September 1930, Liu Manqing, a female envoy of the Republic of China, went to Tibet, passing through Ya'an, Sichuan, and she stood at Jinjiguan overlooking the city and said with emotion: "Surrounded by mountains on all sides, the city walls are like the bottom of the kettle." ”
Nowadays, Ya'an takes the first line of Guanghua Mountain as the "core", the "bottom of the kettle" into a "highland", and changes "three mountains and one city" into "one core and three districts".
Emancipating the mind is always on the road, and the thinking of the world has become wider. The city goes east and builds roads to the west, giving Ya'an unlimited space for development, thus forming an open development pattern of "east integration into Chongqing and westward expansion".
Larin is coming, will Yarin be far away? The picture shows a "Fuxing" train traveling on the Larin Railway.
"Context" Qianqiu: A city of smoke and rain on the platform
One side of the water and soil nurtures one person, and one side makes the other side of the culture. Ya'an is far away from the Central Plains, and there are not many poems left here by the ancient literati and inkers, only some short poems have been handed down.
Ya'an City was built by the people of Meishan, and Ya'an is close to Meishan, and it is said that Su Dongpo came to Ya'an to study in his early years, and the rich Ya'an made him remember it. Later, he wrote this verse:
I want to see Tsing Yi Riverside Road, white fish and purple shoots regardless of money.
In the seventeenth year of Ming Jiajing (1538), Yang Shen, who belittled Yunnan, "returned to Shu with Feng Rong", passed through Ya'an when he returned home, saw the beauty of Ya'an, and swept away the desolation of being exiled. He plunged into Ya'an's arms, coiled for several days, and did not want to leave, naturally leaving a hymn:
The four walls of the country push ink, and a city of smoke and rain on the platform;
This place is born to be like a pot wonderland...
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, cao Shubin, the governor of Yazhou, wrote poems as an official, and he once wrote a poem "Two Waters Around the City":
Baiyan Linliu is Ya'an, Qiangshui Lianjiang Suocheng Pill.
The skyline iron cable crosses the cloud road, and the waves are cut and the pine branches are woven.
In a few words, the grand scene of Ya'an hundred birds facing the river, ershui circling the city, and flying through the sky appeared in front of us.
For Ya'an's fame, he is not only Su Dongpo, Yang Shen, Cao Shubin...
In March 1872, the famous German geographer and chinese Silk Road namer Richthofen inspected the Southern Silk Road. He came all the way from Chengdu and stood on the Jinji Pass to "view the scenery", and what appeared in front of him was a beautiful ink painting:
The Yazhou River is semicircular around the northern foothills of the Zhougong Mountains. Today's landscape is intoxicatingly beautiful, with the green of the seedlings mixed with the golden color of the blooming rape fields at the valley floor and on the hillsides wherever they are planted; the deep valleys and the distant slopes are filled with a layer of mist that makes the mountains appear much higher than they really are — every part of the panorama is a great material for watercolor paintings. There is also life in the fertile valley, scattered with small villages and many individual houses, and the farmland on the hillside stretches to unimaginably high places - mostly just a yellow-green ribbon in the dark hues of the hillside.
When Li Xihofen walked into Ya'an City, he was even more impressed:
Yazhou was a large city, and because it was accessible by water, it became a particularly large, though not populous, trading hub, through which Tibet and Jianchang (present-day Xichang) were the main areas through which supplies were supplied.
In Ya'an, Richthofen concluded his seven expeditions to China. After returning to Germany, he wrote the book "China Travel Diary", in which he proposed a far-reaching concept of the "Silk Road".
A hundred years of "breaking the barrier": and now we are starting from scratch
With the development of society, "Xiongguan" has become obsolete, and Johmaru naturally can no longer "lock". As a result, a century-old "breaking the barrier" and "unlocking" unfolded here.
In the 33rd year of the Qing Dynasty (1907), Zhao Erfeng, the governor of Sichuan, built the "military road" and "road" from Chengdu to Kangding on the pretext of "ruling the border", and stopped when it was repaired until 1932, when a 150-kilometer-long Chengya Road was first opened.
On April 13, 1950, the groundbreaking ceremony of the Kangzang Highway, known as the "New China No. 1 Project", was held in Ya'an.
From east to west, the Kangzang Highway runs over 14 mountains with an altitude of 3,200 to 5,000 meters, such as Erlang Mountain, Zheduo Mountain, and Que'er Mountain, spanning the Dadu River, Jinsha River, Lancang River, Nu River and other rapids. In Ya'an, the historic project of the first bridge of the Kangzang Highway "FeixianGuan Bridge" and the first mountain "Erlang Mountain" was left behind, and a popular song "Sing Erlang Mountain" was also left behind.
In 1951, in order to build the Kangzang Highway and the construction of the Great Southwest, the Southwest Transportation College was born in Chongqing. After the Southwest Jiaotong School was renamed Chongqing Jiaotong University, the first sentence of the school song "The foothills of The Ba Mountains, beside the Yushui River, departure to Chuanzang Road" explains the origin of the school, and since then Chongqing Jiaotong University and kangzang highway have formed an indissoluble relationship.
On December 25, 1954, from Ya'an, the then capital of Xikang Province, in the east to Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, the 2,255-kilometer-long Kang-Tibet Highway was officially opened to traffic, and since then, a long "Hada" has closely linked the inland and Tibet. The Qinghai-Tibet Highway was completed and opened to traffic one after another, and Chairman Mao Zedong gladly wrote an inscription for the opening of the Kangzang and Qinghai-Tibet Highways:
"Celebrate the opening of the Kang-Tibet and Qinghai-Tibet highways, consolidate the unity of the people of all ethnic groups, and build the motherland!"
On March 30, 1956, Chinese Min post issued a set of three special stamps for the "Kangzang and Qinghai-Tibet Highway". Among them, the special 14.3-1 stamp pattern is: the car travels on the snowy plateau, and the icons are the names of the "Kangzang Highway", "Qinghai-Tibet Highway" and "Ya'an", "Lhasa" and "Xining". The image of "zero kilometers" of Ya'an on the Kangzang Highway is forever fixed on the "national business card".
After the abolition of Xikang Province in 1955, the Kangzang Highway was renamed the Sichuan-Tibet Highway, and later this national highway was renamed National Highway 318, starting in Shanghai and ending at the Zhangmu Friendship Bridge on the Sino-Indian border. National Highway 108, which runs from Beijing to Kunming, intersects with National Highway 318 in Ya'an, forming a traffic intersection between the east, west, south, and north of Ya'an. Ya'an has become a distribution center for materials entering Tibet, and large transport companies such as the Sichuan Provincial Transport Company, the Ganzi Prefecture Transport Company, and the Tibet Transport Company have gathered in Ya'an, and the Ya'an Transportation Machinery Factory of the Sichuan Provincial Transportation Department, which shoulders the heavy responsibility of automobile overhaul in Ya'an, Ganzi, and Liangshan, has also camped in Ya'an. For a time, Ya'an's ten thousand cars were in unison, and the wheels of the plateau were rolling.
However, looking at the traffic map of Sichuan, compared with the developed transportation network crisscrossed by land and air in eastern China, there is only one road from Ya'an west to enter The Ganzi and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Sichuan, which is overwhelmed and "looks at National Highway 318 and is alarmed".
Build the road to the west, and everyone will return.
On December 18, 1999, the Chengya Expressway was completed and opened to traffic;
On April 30, 2012, the Iasi Expressway was completed and opened to traffic (Chengya and Iaşi were merged into the G5 Beijing-Kunming Expressway);
On December 31, 2018, the Ya'an to Kangding section of the G4218 Yaye Expressway was completed and opened to traffic;
On December 30, 2018, a flute sounded, the "Harmony" train appeared in Jinjiguan, and the Chengdu-Ya'an section of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway was completed and opened to traffic;
On November 8, 2020, the mobilization meeting for the start of construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway (Ya'an to Nyingchi section) was carried out simultaneously in Beijing and the Sichuan-Tibet Railway Control Project Sejilashan Tunnel and the DaduHeTe Bridge, respectively, in the form of video connection, and in April 2021, the entire line from Ya'an to Nyingchi was started.
Now step forward from the beginning. In the leveled Jinji Pass, an interchange appears here, G5 Beijing-Kunming Expressway, G4218 Yaye Expressway, G93 Chengdu-Chongqing Ring Expressway, G318 and G108 National Highway, Yuming Expressway free conversion here, east into Chongqing, south to Yunnan burma, west to Kangzang, in all directions, the former "Xiongguan", now a horse Pingchuan.
At 10:30 on June 25, 2021, a "Fuxing" train slowly left Lhasa Station and headed for Nyingchi City. After more than 6 years of construction, Tibet's first electrified railway, the Lalin Railway, was completed and opened to traffic.
On July 13, 2021, the Ya'an Municipal Party Committee held the Tenth Plenary Session of the Fourth Session to clarify the overall development positioning of Ya'an: "Accelerate the construction of the first city of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway and a green development demonstration city." At this time, in Feixian Lake, Lushan County, the steel girder construction trestle of the Feixian Bridge of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway surfaced.
The road is built in the west direction, and the avenue leads to the sky. Larin from west to east is coming, will Yarin from east to west be far away?
As the Sichuan-Tibet Railway extends forward, a beautiful "gongbi painting" from Ya'an to Tibet is slowly unfolding. From the "Qiangshui Lock City" to the Kangzang Hub, Ya'an - the "First City of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway" is about to come out.
Reporter Gao Fuhua