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Premature babies refer to newborns born at less than 37 weeks gestational age, premature babies and whether in terms of adaptability, or the function of the growth and development of various organs, are weaker than full-term babies, so premature babies have to receive special care from birth. Hearing impairment is one of the common birth defects, and a baby's hearing loss directly affects the formation of their language.
The lag of language will affect the development of children's psychology and neuromotor, so newborn hearing screening recommends early detection, early diagnosis, and early intervention to minimize the adverse effects of hearing loss on children.
Normal term newborns are screened for hearing 3 to 5 days after birth. For normal term hearing screening at the latest 180 days after birth, if the initial hearing screening is not passed, it is recommended to check once in 1 month, 42 days, and half a year after birth, if not passed, it proves that hearing abnormalities, there may be inner ear deformities, congenital deafness and vestibular catheter diseases.
Due to the lack of development of premature babies, it may be because the auditory neurodevelopment is not perfect; some complications in the early birth of premature babies, such as hypoxia, jaundice, brain damage, etc., these are risk factors that lead to hearing impairment, which in turn affects the passage of hearing screening, and many children in the early stage may have hearing screening failure, so regular examinations are needed.
Under normal circumstances, the preterm baby is screened before discharge, after correcting the gestational age and term, and if it does not pass continuously, a multi-frequency steady-state hearing examination can be considered at three months, and the frequency range of hearing can be specifically understood to determine whether there is an abnormality.
After the correction has reached three months, you can take your baby to the hospital's OTHOR department for a corresponding examination to detect your baby's hearing impairment at an early stage. Early diagnosis, the earlier the treatment, the more conducive to recovery.
In addition, because the retinal blood vessels of preterm babies are not yet mature at birth, especially the smaller the gestational age and the lighter the birth weight of the baby, coupled with a history of oxygen supply, fundus screening must be carried out to exclude retinopathy of preterm infants.
If fundus screening finds whether there is an perfusion area or neovascular blood vessel around the fundus, it should be treated in time, and if it is not treated in time, it will cause retinal detachment and bring serious complications. Fundus screening can also provide early detection of congenital anomalies and other pathologies in fundus.
Therefore, we must not only do the inspection, but also do it in time. Fundus screening should first be done at 4 to 6 weeks after birth, or 31 to 32 weeks after correcting gestational age, by an ophthalmologist with sufficient experience and knowledge.
Both one's hearing and one's eyesight are very important. However, the problem of hearing loss and retinopathy in children, if not detected in time, is difficult to find, and ultimately has a major impact on the child's entire life. Nowadays, medical technology is very developed, whether it is a term baby or a premature baby, early detection can find hearing and vision problems.
Early detection, early diagnosis, and early intervention are the only way. Therefore, parents should pay attention to the hearing screening and fundus screening of premature babies.
Pediatrics Kang Jingwen Li Yongting