Annual sales are expected to increase by 150%, a monthly market share of more than 20%, single-brand sales towards the 100,000 mark, a number of data indicate that the inflection point of the era of new energy vehicles has arrived. However, in the eyes of car owners who already have new energy vehicles, "electric daddy", "new energy is not shanhaiguan" and "second-hand car fractures" are still real problems.
Recently, the industry's largest winter test of new energy was conducted in Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia, and the test objects included a total of 41 popular electric and hybrid models in the market, covering MAJOR brands of independent joint ventures and imported cars such as BYD, Wei Xiaoli, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Audi, tesla and so on. Among them, the three key issues of battery life, air conditioning and charging are tested, which are of great reference value to consumers' actual use of cars and to buy cars.
Question 1: Driving a tram in winter, is the endurance attenuation serious?
It is understood that the largest winter test in the industry initiated by the car emperor was selected in the Hulunbuir Winter Automobile Test Site of China Automobile Center, which is located in Yakeshi City, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, where the average minimum temperature is lower than -20 °C for 120 days a year, and the winter automobile test environment is excellent.
In order to avoid the influence of external variables on the test, the winter endurance test adopts a unified standard. The night before the test, the testers filled all vehicles in the garage overnight. After the test begins, a driver drives the vehicle to complete the high-speed road conditions, urban road conditions and comprehensive road conditions. During the test, the driving mode of the vehicle is uniformly set to the most economical driving mode and the kinetic energy recovery is adjusted to the maximum, the tire is the recommended tire pressure, the air conditioning temperature is set to 24 ° C automatically, the endurance change during the test is recorded, and the test is zeroed until the mileage is returned.
From the results, the impact of temperature on the endurance of the car is very obvious, especially in the case of long-term driving at -20 °C, some vehicles have a discount of more than 50%. However, benefiting from the continuous improvement of the overall capacity of the battery, the winter driving needs of new energy vehicles can basically be met. Measured results show that among the 34 pure electric vehicles, models with a range of more than 210 kilometers in extreme cold conditions account for 68%. According to the commuting needs of most people who do not exceed 30 kilometers per day, it is enough to charge once a week.
The actual test also carried out cold start tests on all 41 models, only 1 model was abnormal, and all other models started normally, which shows that the low temperature has almost no impact on the start of new energy vehicles. In the power test, it was also found that the power of the new energy vehicle did not have a significant attenuation under low temperature conditions.
It is worth mentioning that the battery life performance of independent brand models is overall better than that of joint ventures and imported models, and 7 of the top 10 models with measured endurance performance belong to independent brands. Nio's EC6, Xiaopeng P7 and other models performed better, and the measured mileage exceeded 300 kilometers.
Question 2: How much does turning on the air conditioner against the cold have on the battery life?
Air conditioning has long been considered one of the biggest killers of new energy vehicle endurance. According to media reports, in some cold northern cities, many new energy taxi drivers even use diesel heaters, because the air conditioner mileage will always fall, affecting the operating mileage. What is the real situation in the case of continuous improvement of battery technology and overall endurance expansion?
In an environment below -10 ° C, the air conditioner opened the strongest mode for half an hour to observe the heating in the car. The data shows that nearly 70% of the vehicles are well heated, of which 10% of the vehicles have increased by 44-57 ° C in half an hour, and 57.5% of the models have increased by 31-44 ° C, which can basically meet daily use. In addition, 25% of vehicles were raised by 18-31°C, and 7.5% of vehicles performed poorly, only 5-18°C.
At present, the heating method of new energy vehicle air conditioning is mainly divided into heat pump heating and PTC heating, although heating can be realized, but there is a big difference between them. The working principle of the heat pump is to absorb the heat in the air outside the car and use the compressor to transport it to the cabin, and the PTC produces heat through the thermal effect of the resistance, which is the heat source itself. By comparing the energy consumption of heat pump air conditioners and PTC air conditioners, the test found that heat pump air conditioners have lower energy consumption than PTC air conditioners. After half an hour of heating, the average endurance of the heat pump heating model dropped by 15.4 kilometers, while the PTC heating model dropped by an average of 19.5 kilometers.
From the overall data, the average time for all vehicles to heat up from -10 °C to 20 °C is 14 minutes. Experts who understand the car emperor test suggest that it is best to turn on the air conditioner remotely 15-20 minutes before getting on the car, so that the owner can enjoy a better comfort when entering the vehicle.
Question 3: Frozen and unable to reach out, can electricity be charged?
In addition to the endurance attenuation, the low temperature will also affect the charging speed. In the charging test link of this winter test, the testers will charge the vehicle to 30%, and charge it on the special call DC fast charging pile after the average temperature is lower than -15 ° C outdoor standing, the battery is fully cooled. When the charge is charged to 80%, the timer is completed to observe the charging performance of each model in the low temperature situation.
The actual measurements show that under the low temperature situation, from 30% fast charging to 80% of the power, the charging time of 41 new energy vehicles increased by an average of 70%, but the charging situation of different models varied greatly. Among all vehicles, 10% of the models charged faster than the officially marked speed when the temperature was below -15 ° C, including the High Hemi HiPhi X, Model 3, E-HS9, and Model Y, all of which were better than the official data. There are also individual models that increase the fast charging time by 257%, which is very obviously affected by the temperature.
It is worth noting that the battery preheating is one of the main factors affecting the charging time during cold driving, and the charging speed of the vehicle is significantly accelerated after the temperature rises. This is consistent with the car experience of most northern car owners, and after the vehicle is warmed up, the charging time will be shortened.
The battery warm-up function has also become a new measure for car companies to improve user experience. Not long ago, Weilai released The Aspen 3.0.7 version added a battery charging preheating function, when the user initiates navigation to the supercharge station, the vehicle will be based on the current battery temperature, the distance to the overcharge station and the remaining mileage and other factors to comprehensively judge, to ensure that the vehicle can reach the supercharge station under the premise of automatically open the battery charging preheating at the right time.
After reading the endurance, air conditioning, and charging test results, will you enhance your confidence in buying new energy vehicles? In fact, from the overall test results, the actual endurance of more than 300 kilometers in the limit test of some new energy vehicles basically meets the normal use in winter.
Looking at the entire new energy vehicle consumption market, the data released by the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers shows that it is expected that the production and sales of new energy vehicles in China will exceed 3.4 million in 2021, and these two figures were 1.366 million and 1.367 million last year, which will be nearly 2.5 times that of last year. The association said that consumers are becoming more and more receptive to new energy vehicles, and the new energy vehicle market has shifted from policy-driven to market-driven.
For new energy consumers who are worried about "electric daddy", winter can already survive, will spring be far away?