A few days ago, I came back to the question: Who were the four famous ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty, and were they all the main war faction?
preface
The four famous ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty refer to Li Guang, Zhao Ding, Hu Quan, and Li Gang in the early Southern Song Dynasty. These four people were all born in the Northern Song Dynasty, and they were all loyal to the main war faction of the country, each of them was a sworn enemy of the surrender faction, and they all had the experience of being relegated to Hainan.
However, these commonalities are not the main reason why they are called the four subjects of the Southern Song Dynasty.
First, the origin of the titles of the four ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty
The names of the four ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty are not from the Song Dynasty, not even from the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, but from the late Qing Dynasty. During the Guangxu period, Wang Pengyun (1849-1904) collected four personal lyrics by Li Guang, Zhao Ding, Hu Quan, and Li Gang, and edited a collection of four words from the Southern Song Dynasty.
In the late Qing Dynasty, Zhou Yi (1859~1926) mentioned this anthology when he wrote the "Words and Sayings of The Wind of Hui":
Zhao Zhong's abbreviation, Wang's Four Seals are engraved into the "Four Subjects of the Southern Song Dynasty". Qing Gang sank to the point, outstanding famous, the thoughts of the old king and the homeland, overflowing in idle sentences. "Words and Sayings of the Wind and Winds, Volume II"
Later literati generally used the title of "Four Ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty", so they fixed it to refer to these four people.
It can be seen from this that the names of the four courtiers are also because these four people are all lyricists and have their own collection of words, not just because they are the main warriors.
This name is also far less historical than the four generals of Zhongxing (Han Shizhong, Yue Fei, Zhang Jun, and Liu Guangshi), at least in the Yuan Dynasty there is a saying of the four generals of Zhongxing.
The Zhao Zhongjian Quanju shi word in the figure below refers to Zhao Ding, The Li Zhuang abbreviation refers to Li Guang, the Li Zhongding Liangxi word refers to Li Gang, and the long and short sentences of Hu Zhongjian Are Hu Quan.
Note: Zhao Zhongding refers to Zhao Ruyu, or there is a misunderstanding of printing.
2. Li Gang
Li Gang is my most familiar name, and I have remembered him since I was a child listening to Yue Fei's biography.
Li Gang (1083–1140), courtesy name Boji, was a native of Shaowu (present-day Fujian). Hui Zongzheng and the second year (1112) jinshi. The first defense of Tokyo was when Li Gang led the Southern Song Dynasty soldiers and civilians to victory. Unfortunately, soon Li Gang was belittled.
In 1127, during the Second Defense of Tokyo, Emperor Qinzong of Song sent a message to Li Gang to return to the capital, and as a result, the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed halfway through.
In the same year, Li Gang was recruited by Zhao Zhuo, but unfortunately only served as prime minister for a few dozen days, and was degraded. It was even relegated to Hainan Island at one point.
Li Gang's representative work is his series of yongshi words, and my favorite is this poem "Liu Qi Ling CiYun and He Fang Hui Jinling Huaigu, Poyang Xi Shangzuo":
The Yangtze River is thousands of miles, and the smoke and fresh water are wide. Song shen jade tree, ancient temple empty with loose bell hair. Six generations rise and fall like a dream, and the time and moon are shocked. The soldiers were wiped out. Luxury sold out, a few silver toads self-rounding deficiency. The tide is falling and the tide is small, and the river trees are like hair. Whoever reads the return of the migrants, the boss hurts the festival. Even if the years are cold and the road is long, this ambition should be difficult to seize. Tall buildings who set up. Leaning on the gaze, the independent fisherman is full of river snow.
The "Biography of Li Gang of the Song Dynasty" evaluates Li Gang's loyalty and unswerving loyalty, and even if he is treated unfairly, he does not lose his heart to serve the country.
Although gang has been repeatedly reprimanded, loyalty is quite degraded, and it does not use sacrifice as a silent language, if the naked son admires his mother, he is angry and squeals his clothes and obeys it.
Yuan Cheng Xiang once said that if the Second Emperor Hui Qin had reused Li Gang in that year, he would not have been caught and made into slavery in the Jin Dynasty.
With Li Gangzhi's sage, Bi Li was worried about Jing Kang and Jianyan, Mo or Scratch, why did the Second Emperor go north, and Song Zhi was the partial peace of the southern crossing?
In the tenth year of Shaoxing (1140), Li Gang died of illness, and a few decades later, Emperor Xiaozong of Song specially gave the founding duke of Longxi County, with the nickname "Zhongding". There is "Liangxi Ci" passed down.
3. Zhao Ding
Zhao Ding was the most miserable of the four famous courtiers of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Zhao Ding (1085-1147) was a native of Wenxi (present-day Shanxi) in the Southern Song Dynasty. During the Shaoxing period of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Ding once paid homage to him twice, and at that time, the political Qingming was known as "Xiao Yuanyou". The Jin puppet Northern Qi regime invaded the south several times, but was thwarted by Zhao Ding and others, making the Southern Song dynasty gradually stable.
However, after Qin Ju took power, Zhao Ding, who did not approve of the peace talks, gradually lost his position and was relegated farther and farther from the capital, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Chaozhou, and finally finally enjoyed the highest treatment and was demoted to Sanya (Jiyang Jun) in Hainan.
Fearing qin juniper's persecution and fearing that his family would be implicated, Zhao Ding went on a hunger strike in Shaoxing in 17 years (1147).
Zhao Ding's poems have many words and few words, and the representative lyrics are this poem "Manjiang Hongding Ding Wei September South Crossing Boat Yi Zhenjiangkou Composition":
Tragic autumn clouds, west winds, rain and wet. Looking at the eyes of misery, Zhenghong a few words, twilight throwing sand moraine. Ask where the township is, the water and clouds are vast and confused in the north and south. But a touch, cold and green in the middle, remote mountain color. Tianya Road, jiangshang guest. The intestines should be broken, and the head should be white. Empty scratching sighs, twilight years away from demolition. In addition to the wine, the wine line has no end. Then he took it, and the Yangtze River entered the honor, and poured the chest into the chest.
During the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of Song, Zhao Ding was given the title of ''Zhongjian'' and deserved to enjoy the temple court of Emperor Gaozong. There is the "Word of the Whole Dweller" passed down.
Fourth, Li Guang
Li Guang (1078–1159), courtesy name Taifa, was a native of Shangyu, Yuezhou. He entered the army and the first place during the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song, and although his life was bumpy, he was much stronger and lived to be 82 years old.
At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Guang once served as the deputy prime minister (counselor to the governor), and after Qin Juniper became the prime minister, he began to advocate peace negotiations, and Li Guang had different political views from Qin Juniper, so he resigned from the government affairs. Later, he was degraded again and again, and also went to Hainan Island.
In 1155, after Qin Jun's death, Li Guang and others were recalled one after another, and Shaoxing died in Jiangzhou in the twenty-ninth year (1159) at the age of eighty-two.
After Emperor Xiaozong of Song ascended the throne, he posthumously awarded Li Guang the title of Senior Scholar of the Imperial Palace and the title of "Zhuang Jian".
Li Guangci's representative as "Water Tune Song Head: Soldier Qi Dark Wu Chu":
The military atmosphere was dark, Wu Chu, and Jiang Hanjiu was desolate. At that time, Junjie An was there, drinking wine and Yan Guang. The jackals devoured in the south, and looked north at the Central Plains, and corrected the first message of the dome. Return to Xie Binyou, kelu full of wind and frost.
Close the wood, peep for a thousand years, and examine the three emperors. At the victory of the Lanting Pavilion, there is still flowing water around the repair. There are thousands of acres of lake light, when the flat boat is a leaf, the roar is proud of the water and cloud township. Send a message to the whale riders, what is the matter to return to the southern wilderness.
5. Hu Quan
Hu Quan (1102-1180) was a man of great fighting power. At the time of the main warrior and controversy, he boldly wrote to Emperor Gaozong, demanding that Qin Juniper be beheaded and "Pole of Gaojie":
The envoy, in the name of "Edict of Jiangnan", is a concubine I also... The subordinates of the courtiers, righteousness and hibiscus and others wear the heavens, the heart of the district, willing to cut off the heads of the three people, the pole of the street.
At that time, in the eighth year of Shaoxing (1138), the Jin State sent Zhang Tonggu as an "envoy of the Jiangnan Edict" and went south to conduct peace talks. The imperial court was divided into two factions.
Hu Quan's letter was immediately engraved and circulated, which shocked the government and the opposition for a while and frightened the surrender faction enough. Qin Ju immediately "used quan arrogance and fierceness to encourage the crowd to hijack, excommunicated, and put in charge of Zhaozhou."
In the 12th year of Shaoxing, Hu Quan was impeached again, removed from his list (dismissed from civil service), and put in charge of xinzhou (present-day Xinxing, Guangdong). In the 18th year of Shaoxing, Hu Quan filled in the words and was accused of "slandering and complaining", "Good Things Near":
Rich and noble have no intentions, and what accidents are lightly said. The air makes the ape frightened and complained, and mistakenly turned to the wind and moon. The cone is just about to come out, not even the season. If you want to drive the scarf car home, there are jackals as ruts.
"Jackals are ruts", canonically published in the "Biography of Dongguan Hanji Zhang Gang": "Jackals are in charge, ask the fox!" ”。
Of course, Qin Juniper understood that he was satirizing himself, so Hu Quan also went to Hainan Island (Jiyang Jun). Cai Dongfan, who wrote popular interpretations of the dynasties, once commented on Hu Quan:
Although Hu Quan was not invited to listen, he was degraded, and his righteousness was revealed in the heavens, and the Southern Song Dynasty was not dead, depending on this person, but also relying on this neglect, reading this can be cowardly and stubborn, making people float a big white.
While on Hainan Island, Hu Quan's son also became Li Guang's granddaughter-in-law. After Qin Jun's death, Hu Quan was also recalled.
When he left Hainan, Hu Quan wrote a famous seven-law poem "Crying Zhao Gongding" to commemorate Zhao Ding, who died in Hainan.
He went to the country to seek death, and resisted the difficulty of neglecting Yan Jin. Your Excellency's special letter three surnames are in Hainan, and hainan only sees two wengs. A hill of lonely tombs to send Qiong Island, the ancient high name of Taishan Mountain. Heaven and earth are only old, and the Central Plains will repeat three passes every day.
Shortly after Hainan's return, Li Guang also died (1159), leaving only Hu Quan of the four southern Song dynasty subjects.
He was only 47 years old at the time and returned to the imperial court. In the seventh year of Chunxi (1180), Hu Quan died at the age of seventy-eight. The nickname "Zhongjian", such as "Zhongjian Collection", has been passed down from generation to generation.
Conclusion
The four courtiers of the Southern Song Dynasty, of course, are not only because they can fill in the words. In fact, they are mainly engaged in politics, and they have left a shining mark in the political arena. Li Gang led the first defense of Tokyo; Zhao Ding played a role in the early days of the Southern Song Dynasty's small imperial court; Hu Quan boldly wrote to qin juniper; Li Guang once cooperated with Qin Juniper, but he insisted on preparing for war and rebuked Qin Juniper.
Four people were successively relegated to Hainan Island, the end of the cape, which was almost the most serious punishment. However, they never bowed to the surrender faction, and Zhao Ding would rather go on a hunger strike and commit suicide than wag his tail and beg for mercy. Before his death, Zhao Ding once wrote an epitaph to himself saying:
"Ride the tail of the mio back to heaven, and make the mountains and rivers strong in this dynasty."
@Old Street Taste
What is the fluttering, heaven and earth are a sand gull, can Du Fu's poem be changed to a lonely boat in heaven and earth?
There are high-rise buildings in the northwest, which are in line with floating clouds, and this poetry disease is rarely committed in Tang poetry
Guan Song filler words 114 neighbor chicken regardless of the bitter Huang Gongdu secretly satirizing Qin Juniper like a rooster singing