On April 28, the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum will debut and open to the public on a trial basis. This is a new measure and new progress of Shaanxi as a major province of cultural relics to make cultural relics "come alive" and carry forward the excellent traditional Chinese culture.
■ Shaanxi Archaeological Museum Archaeological Excavations Cultural Relics Display Lu Hang /Photo
Interpret Chinese civilization from an archaeological perspective
In recent years, a large number of professional archaeological museums such as the Chinese Archaeological Museum of the Chinese Academy of History, the Sackler Museum of Archaeology and Art of Peking University, and the Luoyang Archaeological Museum have emerged. They complement the special museums of history and ruins, and with advanced design concepts, innovative scientific research and display of a new museum format, comprehensively display the real ancient human relics, deeply interpret the exploration methods and processes of ancient civilizations, and promote the improvement of public archaeological awareness.
The permanent exhibition of Shaanxi Archaeological Museum is the basic exhibition of The Archaeological History of Shaanxi, which is divided into four chapters of archaeological history, cultural genealogy, archaeological discovery, and cultural protection science and technology, involving 138 projects, exhibiting 4218 groups of 5215 cultural relics, reflecting the history and future of Chinese archaeology with the occurrence and development of Archaeology in Shaanxi.
Sun ZhouYong, president of the Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute and director of the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum, introduced that from the sites of Luonan Longya Cave, Xixiang Lijia Village, Nanzheng Longgang Temple, Lintong Kangjia and other sites in the prehistoric period, to the Fufeng Zhouyuan, Fengxiang Qindu Yongcheng, Qindu Xianyang, QinDu Xianyang, Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum, Qin Dong Mausoleum, Hanjing Emperor Yang Mausoleum in the historical period... Over the years, the Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute has organized thousands of archaeological excavation projects of different sizes and sizes, and unearthed more than 180,000 pieces (groups) of cultural relics specimens such as gold and silver, bronze, jade, and silk. In order to make the collected cultural relics specimens and scientific research results play a better role, with the strong support of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government, the Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute and the Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau proposed the construction of the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum.
As early as the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a phenomenon on the mainland with ancient bronze inscriptions and stone inscriptions unearthed sporadically as the object of study. Lü Dalin, one of the "Four Lüs of Lantian" in Shaanxi, was the first scholar to carry out systematic research on bronze inscriptions as a science. His "Archaeological Map" and "Archaeological Illustration Interpretation" laid the foundation of modern archaeology and paleography. On the basis of showing the birth of Chinese archaeology, the "Archaeological History" of the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum focuses on the beginning of Shaanxi archaeology - Doujitai archaeology, and therefore the mature Chinese archaeological typology, and systematically sorts out the development achievements of Shaanxi archaeology since the founding of New China on the basis of archaeological projects, including many famous sites such as Banpo Ruins, Zhouyuan Bronze Cellars, Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pits of the Mausoleum of The First Emperor of Qin, and also introduces the concepts and methods of archaeological work such as "Archaeology of Great Sites".
The Archaeological Museum of China is a large-scale historical and archaeological museum under the China Historical Research Institute, and the first museum in mainland China to be named after archaeology. The exhibits in the Archaeological Museum of China are also mainly excavated from archaeological excavations, including precious ancient books and archival documents. The Archaeological Museum of China takes the development of archaeology as the main line, and through the characteristics of "warehouse-type display and immersive experience", vividly displays the process, technical methods, research ideas and achievements of archaeological work, and concentrates on the history of the formation and development of Chinese civilization and unified multi-ethnic countries for more than 5,000 years.
Since its birth, Chinese archaeology has shouldered the important mission of exploring the origin of Chinese civilization and forming a development path. The paleolithic remains of millions of years ago reveal a different picture of human origin and extend the historical axis; the neolithic culture that has lasted for thousands of years has outlined the vein of civilization and enhanced the credibility of history; the historical relics from Xia to The Ming and Qing dynasties have shown the historical connotation of Chinese civilization, activated historical scenes, brilliant achievements and major contributions to world civilization. The difference between the archaeological museum and the general history and site thematic museums is that the exhibits in the museum are excavated and discovered by archaeologists, not the collections collected. The Archaeological Museum uses the logic of the department of archaeology and the language of the museum to draw a "genetic map" of Chinese civilization that is diverse and integrated and inclusive with The achievements of Chinese archaeology.
Presentation of archaeological research methods and concepts
For more than 100 years, after several generations of archaeologists, China's archaeological work has made great achievements, enriched the historical connotation, activated the historical scene, and contributed to the sustainable inheritance of Chinese civilization.
The Archaeological Museum displays relics and relics, and according to different chronological ranges, the "Cultural Genealogy Chapter" of the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum is sorted in chronological order, showing the archaeological and cultural genealogy in Shaanxi. From the origin of modern humans and the exchange and migration of ancient humans, to the distribution range, cultural characteristics and representative sites of many archaeological cultural types in the Yangshao period, Longshan period and Xia Shang period, to the type division of the pre-Zhou culture before the Western Zhou civilization, the cultural characteristics and representative relics are orderly. The exhibition hall also set up a special exhibition of the Zhouyuan site Hejia Chema Pit, which exhibited the overall relocation of the Chema Pit, and introduced the development of archaeological sub-disciplines such as animal archaeology, plant archaeology, and physical anthropology.
From 27 archaeological sites such as Lantian Ape Man, Xi'an Banpo, Baoji Zhouyuan, Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum, Famen Temple, Hanyang Mausoleum, etc., to the Shenmu Shijia, Yan'an Lushan Valley, Gaoling Yangguanzhai, Baoji Zhougong Temple, Hantang Emperor Mausoleum, etc. since the selection of "Top Ten New Archaeological Discoveries in China", the "Archaeological Discoveries Chapter" of the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum also counts the important discoveries of Shaanxi archaeology in various periods in chronological order.
The comprehensive multidisciplinary research of archaeological relics of science and technology archaeology has solved many problems that traditional archaeology cannot solve, and expanded archaeological research methods. The "Wenbao Science and Technology Chapter" of Shaanxi Archaeological Museum is mainly divided into seven units, including the development stage of Shaanxi cultural relics protection work, the research on the protection and restoration and production process of ceramics, the protection and restoration and scientific research of bronze ware, the microscopic excavation of laboratories, the protection and restoration of murals, the protection and restoration of textile cultural relics unearthed from Famen Temple, and the protection and restoration of lacquerware unearthed in the north, which shows the rapid development of scientific and technological archaeology in the field of cultural relics protection in recent years.
"To make cultural relics come alive, we must deeply integrate cultural relics into people's lives." The exhibition display and interpretation of the museum should innovate the way, broaden the horizon and channels, and enhance the people's sense of cultural acquisition with high-quality cultural supply. Chen Xingcan, member of the Faculty of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and director of the Institute of Archaeology, said that the excavated cultural relics and relics are an important carrier to show the origin and development of Chinese civilization, carrying a splendid civilization, inheriting history and culture, maintaining the national spirit, and is an important resource for enhancing cultural self-confidence. Archaeological museums generally rely on archaeological excavation research institutions, set scientific excavation - protection and utilization - display and interpretation as a whole, the relics excavated through field archaeological scientific investigation and excavation are liberated from the warehouse, open up the whole chain of disciplines from archaeological excavation to protection, research, interpretation, display and dissemination, through one cultural relics and one site after another, outline the development context of Chinese archaeology, show the overall characteristics of Chinese civilization's pluralism and integration, and establish a bridge between the archaeological knowledge system and the public. Let the archaeological achievements accumulated in the development of archaeology in the past century be shared with the people.
"I don't know the Xiangji Temple, and I have entered the Cloud Peak for miles." Ancient trees have no paths, deep mountains where the clock. "Shaanxi is an important birthplace of Chinese civilization, and countless historical sites have been left here for thousands of years. Adjacent to the Shaanxi Archaeological Museum, which was built in the xiangji temple of Emperor Gaozong Yonglong of Tang Dynasty, together with the Chinese Archaeological Museum of the Chinese Academy of History and many other archaeological museums across the country, it is committed to the creative transformation of jerky archaeological knowledge, popularizing scientific cultural relics and archaeological knowledge, enabling the public to enter archaeology and understand archaeology, so that the discipline of archaeology can fully go to the public, so that archaeological results can benefit the people and serve the society.
Source: China Social Science Daily