A typhoon is a tropical cyclone that forms on a wide sea surface above 26°C in the tropics or subtropics and has a maximum wind force of 12 or higher near the center.
Basically, typhoons occur every year, and typhoons make landfall and pose a great threat to coastal cities. Typhoons are a type of tropical cyclone, which occurs most frequently in August, followed by July and September, typhoons are typical severe weather in summer and autumn, which can bring severe weather such as strong winds and continuous heavy rain, and are also very easy to cause floods, mudslides and other disasters, and huge losses. Of course, there are pros and cons to everything, and in the dry season, typhoon landfall can bring abundant rain, alleviate the drought in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and eliminate the scorching heat.
First of all, let's understand the principle of typhoon formation?
The World Meteorological Organization defines a tropical cyclone with sustained winds of 12 to 13 in the center as a typhoon or hurricane. The western part of the Northwest Pacific Ocean (north of the equator, west of the international date line, east of 100 degrees east longitude) is commonly referred to as a typhoon, while in the North Atlantic and Indian Oceans it is commonly referred to as a hurricane. According to the tropical intensity, it is divided into six levels: tropical depression, tropical storm, strong tropical storm, typhoon, strong typhoon and super typhoon.
To be honest, the essential cause of the formation of the typhoon has not been partially clarified until now, but it is certain that there are a few points. The formation of a typhoon must meet these conditions:
One: abundant water vapor, without water vapor is not enough, it is a source of energy.
Two: the temperature is high, only when the temperature is high, the water on the surface of the water can evaporate.
Three: a large enough earth rotation deflection force, which is the power source of typhoon formation, if there is no earth rotation deflection force, then even if the first two conditions are met, a typhoon cannot be formed. This is the reason why typhoons rarely occur within 5 latitudes of the equator, because the deflection force of the Earth's rotation is too small within 5 latitudes of the equator.
On the surface of the ocean, the hot summer sun bakes the surface of the water, and the water temperature rises to 26.5 degrees Celsius, even at a depth of 60 meters below the surface of the sea, the water temperature should be around this value. The huge water vapor evaporated, carrying the energy into the air and continuing to rise. Due to the large amount of air rising, a low-pressure center is formed here, and because the air pressure is high outside and low inside, then the outside air wrapped in water vapor will pour into the low-pressure center, and such air flow forms wind.
Due to the rotation of the earth, the earth's rotation deflection force will be generated, which will change the direction of the air flow wind, due to the influence of this force, the wind will not radially to the low pressure center, it will rotate along the low pressure center in a counterclockwise direction to the low pressure center, in the northern hemisphere is counterclockwise, in the southern hemisphere is clockwise. This forms a tropical low-pressure vortex, inside this tropical low-pressure vortex, the hot humid air continues to rise, water vapor rises to the upper level, due to the low temperature there, it will condense and release a huge condensation latent heat, these energies are the reason why the typhoon becomes larger and stronger.
Moreover, let's talk about the origin of the name of the typhoon?
A friend asked such a question, he said: How did the name of the typhoon come about? Why is it all weird? Yes, compared to our habit of naming Chinese, the name of the typhoon is indeed a little strange. The name of a typhoon may be a familiar and unfamiliar word for each of us. We hear these names a lot in the news, but few people know the origin and naming rules of these names.
Let's explore those strange typhoon names and explore the mystery behind the typhoon name.
According to historical records, the earliest typhoon name dates back to the Spring and Autumn period in ancient China. At that time, people called typhoons by various names based on their shape and characteristics, such as "hurricane", "gust wind", "storm" and so on. However, there is no uniform standard for these names, and there is often duplication of names between different regions and countries, which brings great inconvenience to international exchanges and forecasting.
Typhoon nomenclature is a tropical cyclone nomenclature system in the Northwest Pacific and South China Sea, which can also be called the tropical cyclone nomenclature, or tropical cyclone nomenclature; The internationally unified typhoon nomenclature is a naming list jointly formulated in advance by neighboring countries and regions formed by tropical cyclones and affected, and then recycled and repeated year after year in order;
There are other naming rules, such as not using unlucky names, not having the same name as a name that is already in use, and so on. Two or three Chinese Simplified words; (2) Easy to pronounce; (3) There is no bad meaning; (4) It is not the name of a commercial organization.
The list has a total of 140 names, which are provided by 14 member countries and regions in the Asia-Pacific region of the World Meteorological Organization, namely Cambodia, Chinese mainland, North Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, Laos, Macao, Malaysia, Micronesia, the Philippines, South Korea, Thailand, the United States and Vietnam, so as to facilitate people's disaster prevention and strengthen international and regional cooperation.
In the latest naming table of the 140 typhoon naming tables, you can see the 2021 typhoon naming table and the 2022 typhoon naming.
1. China:
Anemone, Goku, Jade Rabbit, White Deer Wind God, Sea God, Cuckoo, Electric Mother, Seahorse, Begonia;
2. Hong Kong, China:
Kai Tak Shanshan, Wangi, Lingling, Phoenix, White Dolphin, Caiyun, Lion Rock, Saddle, Banyan Tree;
3. Macau, China:
Samba, Bebija, butterfly, pipa, wasp, lotus, fireworks, agate, plum blossom, coral;
4. South Korea:
Gemei, Feiyan, Lily, Raccoon, Rose, Swan, Milky Way, Catfish, Olu, Dusuri;
5. North Korea:
Hongyan geese, larks, peach zhi, willows, seagulls, red xia, shujiji, dandelion, mile, nige;
6, Japan:
Libra, Capricorn, Rabbit, Swordfish, Northern Crown, Whale, Little Bear, Compass, Scorpion Tiger, Hato;
Wait a minute.....
Once a typhoon arrives and causes huge loss of life and property to local people, becomes a well-known typhoon and becomes notorious, then the member state to which the affected area belongs can apply to delete the name from the nomenclature, in other words, it will permanently occupy the name, and the same will never appear again, and the vacant name will be re-recommended by the original provider country or region.
In the process of formulating the name of the typhoon, these cultural and linguistic differences need to be taken into account so that people in each country and region can understand and accept it. Naming a typhoon is not a nice-to-have, but a meaningful job. Through this work, the general public can better understand and grasp the trend and degree of damage of typhoons, so as to better avoid the losses caused by typhoons.
At the same time, it can also make people relax in their busy work and increase their understanding and interest in natural science knowledge. In your memory, which typhoon name impressed you? Welcome to leave a message to discuss.