Sources: All of the information stated in this article is based on reliable sources, and is detailed at the end of the article
The conflict arose because of the McMahon Line unilaterally formulated by India, and the bold occupation of mainland territory worsened the situation, and there was no need to endure it anymore, and the self-defense counterattack against India began in 1962.
The victory belongs to China, and the strange thing is that after the big victory, the Chinese side actually took the initiative to retreat 20 kilometers, which seemed to fuel the enemy's prestige, but in fact it was very clever.
Fight evil, take advantage of the weakness
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the "one-sided" foreign policy has ushered in a certain degree of support from the Soviet Union, and the period of friendship and cooperation for nearly 10 years has become a good story in the international community.
In 1958, long-wave radio stations, combined fleets, and Kinmen shellings occurred one after another, and Sino-Soviet relations gradually deteriorated, and armed conflicts occurred in the Zhenbao Island area, and the two countries also suffered casualties.
Relations between the United States and China were not good, but India had to find trouble when the situation was unfavorable to China, and firmly promoted the "forward policy", which began to invade the Xinjiang region and establish a stronghold in 1961, and by September 1962, it had occupied 4,000 square kilometers of territory.
The momentum is still deteriorating, India is not satisfied, in its view, it has become a sweetheart, the United States and the Soviet Union are in a cold war, no one India joins, the other side can not afford to lose India, China has become hostile with the United States and the Soviet Union, India is expected to not risk being attacked on three sides and an armed conflict with itself.
Even if the worst outcome happens, the United States and the Soviet Union will support India, Nehru wishful thinking will both the United States and the Soviet Union as his pawns, then Secretary of Defense Menon put forward the "Livorno" plan, World War I is inevitable, and at the critical moment, the two major supporters are tied hand and foot.
The Cuban Missile Crisis left both the United States and the Soviet Union with no time to take care of the Sino-Indian conflict, and the opportunity we were waiting for finally came, and our side quickly seized it and launched a self-defense counterattack against India.
The first phase of the war ended on October 28, the occupied Chinese territory had been recovered, and the olive branch was thrown from the Chinese side again, Nehru strongly refused to negotiate peace, made unreasonable demands on the line, and force became the only strategy.
A total of more than 1,200 people have been annihilated, and asking for hardships has become the end of India's provocation, and a strange scene ensued, when the Chinese side clearly won the victory, took the initiative to cease fire, and even unilaterally withdrew within 20 kilometers of the Chinese side of the Line of Actual Control between China and India.
Nehru regarded "territorial occupation" as a medal, and the Chinese side did not make him even more proud in doing so?
The truth is actually clever
The biggest purpose of self-defense and counterattack is to punish India and tell it not to deliberately create friction and disturb the stability of the mainland border areas, and to return to the negotiating table as soon as possible.
The Five Basic Principles of Peaceful Coexistence were China's main strategy at that time, and it was stopped in time to show the charm of a great power.
Although the Chinese army is overwhelmed, the Indian army is not vegetarian, and if it is done quickly, and then let it deteriorate, I am afraid that the initiative at the negotiating table will change hands again.
At that time, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway had not yet been opened, and it was not an easy matter for the sandy roads to be supplied, and the new China was waiting to be rebuilt, and the economy was already in difficulty, but it had already won a victory, showing its strength, and it was more appropriate to reap it when it saw a good situation, and even if the military region had enough food to feed itself, the war should not be dragged on.
Premier Zhou personally flew to New Delhi in 1960 to persuade Nehru not to deteriorate Sino-Soviet relations, but the latter chose to turn a deaf ear to it, and two-thirds of the world's countries remained silent, and even fell into the trap and "looked down" on China.
Ambition is getting bigger and bigger in the touting, Nehru has already shouted "where we advance, where is our territory", the whole process, Chairman Mao was very calm, the battle meeting expounded on the victory, but also conveyed the faith, interpretation of perseverance.
"Zhang Guohua, tell me, can you agree?"
"Chairman, we will definitely win."
It can be understood as confidence or relief, Chairman Mao did not characterize his words, only said "Maybe we can't win the war, but it belongs to China's territory, and we will fight back one day."
Fortunately, China has not let India go the slightest, and it has also set an example for third countries in the world.
There is another person who shares the frustration with Nehru, that is Chiang Kai-shek, from India began to be restless, Chiang Kai-shek's ambition to "counterattack the mainland" began to burn, in his opinion, that time was a good opportunity, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea had just ended, and the pain of three years of natural disasters had not been completely over, and if he did nothing, he was afraid that he would not be able to wait for a better opportunity for the rest of his life.
It is a pity that Nehru paid the price for his arrogance, and the quick-fix People's Liberation Army did not give Chiang Kai-shek a chance to fish in troubled waters, and stopped in time or made Nehru arrogant, but combined with what happened next, I still have to feel that the great man is like a god.
Reference: Observer.com: 2024-4-2: Ran Qipei: In 1962, when our army was in a good situation, why did it take the initiative to cease fire and retreat 20 kilometers?
People's Daily Online: 2010-5-14: Experts analyze the reasons why the Chinese army took the initiative to retreat in the 1962 Sino-Indian war