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Zhao County was called Zhaozhou in ancient times, and Songzi County was placed in Qin Shi. In 1913, Zhaozhou was abolished and changed to Zhao County. Zhao County is one of the first batch of "thousand-year-old counties" in mainland China, a famous historical and cultural city in Hebei Province, which has been recorded in the literature for more than 2,500 years, and has been governed as a county and a state for more than 1,800 years. There are many cultural relics and historic sites in Zhao County, the cultural heritage is profound, Zhaozhou Bridge, Berlin Temple Tower, Dharani Sutra Building, the Monument of the Great View of the Holy Works, the ruins of the ancient Song Dynasty and other "national security" are precious, and the Zhaozhou snow pear of "big as a fist, sweet as honey, crisp as a ling" is famous at home and abroad.
Located 30 kilometers southeast of Shijiazhuang, Zhao County has a long history and numerous cultural heritages. When you come to Zhao County, you can feel the weight of history and the charm of humanity everywhere; Walking into Zhao County, it is like walking into a thousand-year-old cultural corridor, which makes people forget to return.
The proper name of "Zhao" has been passed down from generation to generation
Zhao County, which has a long history, belonged to the Xianyu country at the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, and later returned to the Jin State, called Thorn Pu (now the county seat of Zhao County). At the beginning of the Warring States period, it belonged to the Zhongshan Kingdom, and later it was the Zhao Kingdom.
By the time of the Qin Dynasty, the Song Dynasty (Chengyi), which was located in the territory of what is now Zhao County, belonged to Julu County; It belongs to Hengshan County.
In the sixth year of Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty (201 B.C.), he sealed the Marquis of Thorn Pu, and changed it to the Pingthorn State in seven years; In the sixth year of Emperor Wen (174 B.C.), there was the Marquis of Pingjian, which was placed in Pingjian County, which belonged to Changshan County; In the eighth year of Gaozu (199 B.C.), the Marquis of Song was placed, and in the second year of Emperor Jingdi (148 B.C.), the Hou State was abolished and changed to Songzi County, which belonged to Julu County; In the second year of Emperor Wu Yuanshuo (127 B.C.), he set up the feudal kingdom of Sihou and placed Jingwu County, which belonged to Julu County. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jingwu County was abolished, and Pingjian County belonged to Zhongshan State, and later belonged to Changshan County (country); In the seventeenth year of Jian'an (212), it was changed to Zhao State and placed in Zhao County.
During the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, due to wars and territorial divisions, Zhao County changed its owner several times, and successively belonged to Later Zhao, Qianqin, and Houyan, all of which governed Pingjian County.
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Northern Wei Dynasty Xiaochang two years (526 years) set up Yinzhou, Zhao County belonged, at this time Zhao County moved to Pingjian, and governed Pingjian, House, Yuanshi, Gaoyi, Luancheng five counties. In the second year of Tianbao of the Northern Qi Dynasty (551), due to the avoidance of the name of the crown prince Gao Yin, Yinzhou was changed to Zhaozhou, and after the administration was moved to Pingjiao, leading Zhao County, Nanzhao County, Julu County three counties and fifteen counties.
In the first year of Emperor Kaihuang of Sui (581), Zhaozhou was changed to Zhao County, Zhao County was abolished in the third year of Kaihuang and changed to Zhaozhou, and Zhaozhou was dismissed as Zhao County in the third year of Daye (607).
In the Tang Dynasty, in the early years of Wude (618), Zhao County was changed to Zhao Prefecture; In the fifth year of Wude (622), Zhaozhou was renamed Luanzhou; In the early years of Zhenguan, Luanzhou was renamed Zhaozhou, and it was still ruled by Pingthorn, which belonged to Hebei Province; In the early years of Tianbao, Zhaozhou was changed to Zhao County, and it was restored to Zhaozhou in the first year of Tang Qian. In the five dynasties, the soldiers were all around, the war was raging, the country name changed frequently, Zhaozhou successively belonged to the Later Liang, the Later Tang, the Later Jin, the Later Han, and the Later Zhou, but the governance has been in Pingthorn.
In the third year of Song Daguan (1109), Zhaozhou was promoted to Qingyuan Military Festival; In the first year of Xuanhe, it was promoted to Qingyuan Mansion, and it still governed the thorns, and belonged to Hebei West Road; In the second year of Song Jingkang (1127), Qingyuan Mansion returned to gold. In the seventh year of Jintianhui (1129), Qingyuan Mansion was reduced to Zhaozhou; In the third year of Tiande (1151), Zhaozhou was renamed Wozhou, which belonged to Hebei West Road; In the second year of Jin Zhengda (1225), the Yuan general Shi Tianze took Wozhou and changed its name to Zhaozhou, which belonged to Zhending Road, Hebei.
In the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1368), Pingjian County entered Zhaozhou and belonged to Zhending Prefecture.
In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Zhaozhou still belonged to Zhendingfu, and in the third year of Yongzheng (1725), Zhaozhou was promoted to Zhili Prefecture.
In 1913, Zhaozhou was abolished and changed to Zhao County, which belonged to South Hebei Province, and later changed to Daming Road; In 1928, the road was abolished, and Zhao County was directly subordinate to Hebei Province.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhao County belonged to Shijiazhuang Prefecture of Hebei Province; In 1958, it was incorporated into Ningjin County; In 1961, Zhao County was disposed of; In 1962, Zhao County was located in Luancheng County, which belonged to Shijiazhuang area; In 1996, the prefecture and city were merged, and Zhao County belonged to Shijiazhuang City.
The abolition and name change of Zhao County are intricate, such as Zhao State, Zhao County, Zhao Prefecture, and Zhao County, although it has undergone changes and evolution, but the proper name of "Zhao" has been passed down from generation to generation, relatively stable and has been used to this day.
Profound historical and cultural heritage
The area of Zhao County was inhabited by human beings as early as ancient times, and created and left behind cultural relics such as Zhaozhou Bridge and Dharani Sutra Building, which can be called "national treasures", as well as many cultural relics. In the long history and culture of more than 2,500 years recorded in writing, it has condensed and formed profound historical and cultural accumulations such as "dragon culture", "bridge culture" and "county wang culture", thus converging into a brilliant chapter of Zhao County's history and culture.
Zhao County is one of the major cultural relics counties in Hebei Province, with 6 national cultural relics protection units and 6 provincial cultural relics protection units.
The Sui Dynasty was the germination period of the "bridge culture" in Zhao County, which first belonged to Zhaozhou Bridge (Anji Bridge), as well as Yongtong Bridge and Jimei Bridge. Zhaozhou Bridge, also known as Anji Bridge, is located 2.5 kilometers south of the county seat, the north and south fly on the Huhe River, built in the Sui Kaihuang to the Great Cause, more than 1400 years ago. "Stone Bridge Inscription Preface" contains: "The traces of Li Chun, the Sui craftsman of the stone bridge of the Zhaojun River. "Zhaozhou Bridge is a large single-span arc-shaped open-shoulder stone arch bridge, with a total length of 64.4 meters, and the main body is made of 28 arches longitudinally parallel masonry, with a span of 37.02 meters. The whole bridge building structure is ingenious, with a high degree of science, it has changed the previous "semi-circular arch" convention, and adopted the "arc arch", which is a leap forward in arch bridge construction. The most outstanding achievement of Zhaozhou Bridge in construction technology is the successful creation and use of the "open-shoulder arc arch" structural form, which has become a new milestone in the history of arch bridge construction. Zhaozhou Bridge is not only the earliest in China but also in the world, the best preserved, the highest level of science and technology, the artistic image of the beautiful large-scale stone arch bridge, occupies a very important position in the history of international bridge construction, has a profound impact on the world's later bridge construction. In foreign countries, the appearance of the open-shouldered arc arch bridge is more than 1,200 years later than the Zhaozhou Bridge, and the Zhaozhou Bridge has been re-rolled by cars and horses for thousands of years, the ground is shaken, the waves hit the sun, the rain erodes and freezes, and it is still displayed in the world with a complete and vigorous posture. In 1961, Zhaozhou Bridge was announced by the State Council as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in the country; In 1991, the American Society of Civil Engineers recognized it as the 12th International Historic Site for Civil Engineering.
In 1961, Zhaozhou Bridge was announced by the State Council as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in the country.
Zhaozhou Dharani scripture building, located in Zhao County Shiqiao Street and Shita Road intersection, built in the Northern Song Dynasty Jingyou five years (1038), because the building body is engraved with the "Dharani Sutra" and named, and because the stone masonry is like a tower, it is also called the stone tower. The prayer building is 16.44 meters high, a total of 7 levels, the plane is octagonal, built on the square stone base, the pedestal is engraved with the lotus figure pillar and the pattern of "King Kong Lux" and "woman cover the door" around the pedestal. The scripture building is tall and graceful, the shape is unique, the proportion is evenly proportioned, the height is second only to the stone scripture building of India, it is the tallest, the most exquisite, the most outstanding ancient stone scripture building existing in the mainland, the world calls it "the first tower in China", in 1961 it was announced by the State Council as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in the country.
In 1961, the Zhaozhou Dharani Sutra was announced by the State Council as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in the country. (File photo)
Zhao County is a great place with many celebrities, leaving a lot of heirlooms. Among them, the "Pingjian Li" family of Zhao County is mostly important ministers of the past dynasties, and there are 13 people in the Tang Dynasty alone, and they are rich in literary and literary works, and occupy an important position in the history and culture of Zhao County, and are known as the "county culture" of the Li family.
Among the many celebrities in Zhao County in the past dynasties, there are military generals, famous ministers, elites and famous doctors, writers, in addition to the thirteen phases of "Pingjian Li", there are such as famous generals Li Mu, Geng Chun, famous ministers Li Anshi, Li Qiyun, Song Minqiu, famous poets Li Ji, Li Jiayou, famous calligrapher Li Yangbing, famous doctor Wang Haogu and so on.
The folk culture is magnificent and colorful
The folk customs of Zhao County are simple and rich in folk customs, so the unique folk crafts and folk culture have been handed down.
The art of the folk flower festival in Zhao County has a long history, rich in content and unique characteristics. Through in-depth excavation, Zhao County has many folk flower festival organizations, including big drum class, war drum class, shoulder drum class, back lamp shoulder drum class, drum class and so on. Among them, the Zhaozhou war drum originated from the Qin and Han dynasties, and was popular in the ancient Song Dynasty, which helped the ancient combat drumming to march into the army. Its shape resembles an ancient chariot, the drum pillar is carved with a dragon, and the array is neat and majestic when performing. Zhaozhou fan drum by 4, 8, 12 or more people to participate, singing and dancing, flexible and diverse, has participated in the Hebei Province mass art performance and won many awards. The "Back Light Shoulder Drum" that began in Nansizhuang of Zhao County and the "Nine Ring Fan Drum" that spread in the north of Zhao County are the traditional folk arts of Zhao County, and have won awards in the mass art performances in Hebei Province.
The Fanzhuang Dragon Card Meeting, held on the second day of the second lunar month every year, is quite distinctive, and is known as the "living fossil" of Chinese "dragon" culture and totem worship. Fan Zhuang dragon card will be divided into three parts: welcoming the dragon card, sacrificing the dragon card, and sending the dragon card, with neat dancing posture and noisy gongs and drums, so that the whole village is immersed in the atmosphere of the festival. In 2006, the Fanzhuang Dragon Pai of Zhaoxian County was included in the list of intangible cultural heritage of Hebei Province.
According to historical records, Zhaozhou snow pear has more than 1,700 years of cultivation history, from the beginning of the Han Dynasty to the Shang Dynasty when it became a "court tribute", Emperor Wei Wen had edicted it to be the "palace pear", at that time there were "tribute pear fruit" (i.e. snow pear) 100 plants in Nanzhuang. Historical records and literati of all dynasties have accounts of Zhaozhou Xuehuali. As recorded in Tang Duyou's "General Dictionary": "The emperor appointed Changshan County (Zhaozhou) to pay tribute to 600 pears. Tang Dynasty Prime Minister Li Jifu once wrote in his "Huaiyi Chuan Fu" that "it is the pear and jujube ripe in Beizhou, and the dream soul goes to the suburbs in autumn". Zhaozhou snow pear fruit type plump and fat, golden color, crisp flesh and small core, juicy and sweet, chew without residue, rich in nutrition, won a series of awards, Zhao County has become the State Council named "the hometown of Chinese snow pear". April every year is the season when the pear blossoms are in full bloom, "suddenly like a night of spring breeze, thousands of trees and pear blossoms bloom", thousands of pear orchards are like snow like jade, the sky is white, dozens of miles of flowers are fragrant and intoxicating. In late April, the petals begin to fall off, and the smoke and rain of the pear orchard cover the sun like snow, and the bees fly and butterflies dance, forming the cultural landscape of "pear blossom flying snow". In the golden autumn season, the fruitful fruits hang all over the branches, the fruits in the pear orchard are fragrant, tempting and intoxicating, strolling in the forest sea, making people enjoy the beauty of nature. In recent years, Zhao County has vigorously developed the cultural tourism of Pear Township, built an ecological agricultural sightseeing resort area, and carried forward the "Pear Culture" of Zhao County "Pear Culture".
Source: Shijiazhuang Daily