Continuing with our "Shuowen Jiezi" lesson, this lesson will only talk about one Chinese character for "meat": "paste". "Paste" is a commonly used word in modern Chinese, which was included in the List of Commonly Used Words in Modern Chinese promulgated by the State Language Commission in 1988.
Paste. There are two pronunciations:
(a) gāo. This is the pronunciation marked by the phonetic version of "Shuowen Jie Zi" of Zhonghua Book Company, and the explanation given is: "Cream, fat also." From the meat, loud. "Morphophonetic characters. The original meaning is fat.
(Obese people)
"Chinese Jin Yu I": "The food of the smug is not enough to be evil, not to be anointed, but only to blame." Wei Zhao's note: "Anointing, fat." "A small amount of food is not worthy of greed, and it is not worth enriching oneself, for that will only lead to misfortune.
Also refers to fatty meat. Chinese Jin Yu VII: "It is difficult to correct the nature of the husband, so let the benevolent teach it, make the Wen Min guide it, make the bold read it, and make the calm cultivate it." Wei Zhao noted: "Anointing, the fat of meat." "Those rich children are arrogant and difficult to correct, so let the simple and generous educate them, let the studious and intelligent counsel them, let the resolute ones admonish them, and let the calm and calm correct them. The original meaning of "ointment" here refers to fatty meat and fine grains, and generally refers to delicious meals. Anointing then refers to a beautiful diet, and ultimately to a rich life.
"Dream of Red Mansions" wrote a poem by Jia Baoyu, saying that he said: "The world is incompetent first, and there is no match between ancient and modern." Sending a message to the hakama and the ointment: don't follow the shape here. The anointing here refers to the children of the rich. This is also the origin of the idiom "hakama ointment", the meaning of the idiom is borrowed from exquisite food and clothing, and refers to the children of rich and noble families.
(Baoyu and his maid in the film and television drama)
In addition to the original meaning, there are many other ways to use the anointh:
(1) Grease. "The Book of Rites: Internal Rules": "Fertile is anointed and said to be pure." "Pouring oil, this is "Chunsha". "New Tang Dynasty Book, Clan, Biography of Li Huan": "The character is a minister, and the young orphan." At the age of ten, he was studious, cold, and self-burning. The night is anointed, and I remember it silently. ”
This means that Li Jian became an orphan when he was a child, and when he was ten years old, he was very studious, and in the cold winter he collected firewood for warmth, and at night there was no oil to light the lamp, so he silently recited what he had learned.
(2) The essence of things. "The Biography of Mu Tianzi" Volume 1: "Said: The Son of Heaven (said "Hetu" words), jade fruit (stone like beautiful jade, the so-called female fruit also), Xuan Zhu (Xuan, jade, sound swirl), candle silver (silver has fine light like candles), gold paste (gold paste, also like jade paste, all its essence is also).
It is also a metaphor for the property of the people. We often use the idiom "people's fat, people's ointment", in which "fat" and "ointment" both refer to property.
Here is a distinction between cream and grease:
Zhu Junsheng's "Saying Wen Tongxun Dingsheng": "Those who condense are said to be fat, and those who are released are said to be anointed." Where there is more fat, it is fat. ”
(Plaster: fattening)
Taking lard as an example, the lard after boiling and coagulation is fat, and the fatty pork that has not been boiled is paste.
(Fat: curdled lard)
In fact, the meaning of fat and ointment here is the same, the general term is fat and ointment, and the analysis is fat and ointment. Yuan Mei's "Suiyuan Poems" volume 6: "Officials are like tigers, officials are like cats, specific and slightly licking people's ointment." ”
(3) Cosmetics made of oils and fragrances. Such as: shampoo; Vanishing cream. "Poetry, Weifeng, Boxi": "Isn't there no anointment, who is suitable for tolerance." Zhu Xi collected the biography: "Ointment, so Ze is the one who makes it." ”
(Shampoo)
(4) Thick paste. As; Toothpaste. Ointment. "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, the Legend of Fangshu, Hua Tuo": "If it is in the stomach and intestines, it will be washed by interception, removed the disease, sutured, and passed on the divine anointment, which will be healed in four or five days, and will be calmed in one month. "The divine anointing here, that is, the ointment.
(Fang plaster)
(5) Fertile. "The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration, Agricultural Ben, and Miscellaneous Treatises": "Everyone knows that it is barren, it is not as good as the original, and everyone knows that it is flat, but it is not as shallow and deep." Self-note: "Fat is ointment, and sand is barren." ”
(6) Grace. "Yi Tun": "Tun Qi ointment." Kong Yingda Shu: "Anointing, it is said to be anointed with grace and the like." ”
(7) Luscious. The sixty-sixth chapter of "The Complete Biography of the Water Margin": "Beijing's 35 scenery is good, and the rain is sunny and spring is early. "The spring rain is luscious with anointing the rain.
(8) Ancient medicine called the lower part of the human heart. "Zuo Chuan: Ten Years of Chenggong": "Above the belly, under the anointment." Du pre-note: "The heart is anointed." "That's where the anointing comes from. We've talked about it in detail in the note.
(9) White foam on human urine. "Zhuangzi Zeyang": "Bleaching scabies carbuncle, internal heat and ointment are also." Lu Deming's commentary quoted Sima Yun: "Ointment, it is said that the urine of a person who is tired of labor is also fat and foamed." "The scabies all over the body are festering, pus and blood are flowing turbulently, the heart is feverish, and the urine will foam.
(2) gào. The pronunciation is from "Guangyun". There are three ways to use it:
(1) Moisturize. "Guangya Commentary": "Anointing, Zeye." "Collection Rhyme, Trumpet Rhyme": "Ointment, moistening." "Poetry, Cao Feng, Xiaquan": "Peng Peng millet seedlings, rainy ointment." Kong Yingda Shu: "This seedling is so prosperous, and the sky will moisten it with rain and ointment." "How lush the seedlings were at that time! Moisturize them with their own rain and wind.
(Rain and dew moisten the seedlings)
(2) Lubricate it with oil. Such as: anointing oil. Han Yu's "Preface to Sending Li Yuan to Pangu": "Anointing my car and my horse, and wandering from my son to Panxi for the rest of my life." ”
(Anointment the sewing machine)
(3) Dip. Such as: plastering ink. The first fold of Feng Weimin's "Not Fu Lao" in the Yuan Dynasty: "The inscription paper is scattered, the ink of my son's grinding is thick, and the pen of the paste is full." ”
(Plaster)
The small seal of the paste is written as follows:
(How to write the small seal of the paste)
([Shuowen Jiezi] No. 821, some pictures come from the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original copyright owner)