At the executive meeting of an automobile company, Big Boss asked the fourth quarter cost control target to reduce the budget by 15%, and asked the human resources department to incorporate this goal into the performance appraisal system.
Xiao Zhao, HR who is specifically responsible for performance work, is ready to collect performance indicators for cost reduction from various business departments, but each department has said that they do not know how to select appropriate performance indicators, nor do they know how much budget will be reduced so that it will not affect the normal operation of their own business and achieve the company's cost control goals.
The author remembered the fishbone diagram analysis method he learned, and immediately organized various business departments to determine the tasks, determine the business standards, and finally easily determine the key performance indicators.
Want to know how this amazing fishbone diagram analysis method works?
The fishbone diagram was invented by Mr. Ishikawa Shin, a Japanese management master, so it is also known as the Ishikawa diagram. A fishbone diagram is a method of discovering the "root cause" of a problem, which can also be called an "Ishikawa" or "cause-and-effect diagram".
It is characterized by simplicity and practicality, in-depth and intuitive. It looks somewhat like a fishbone, with problems or flaws (i.e., consequences) marked on the outside of the "fish head".
Fish bones grow on the bones, listing the possible causes of production problems by chance, and help explain how each cause affects each other.
The characteristics of the problem are always affected by some factors, and we find out these factors through brainstorming, and together with the characteristic values, they are arranged according to the interrelatedness, and the graph that marks the important factors is called the characteristic cause diagram and the characteristic cause diagram.
Type introduction
A. Organize the problematic fishbone diagram (there is no causal relationship between each element and the characteristic value, but a structural relationship)
B. Cause-type fishbone diagram (the fish head is on the right, and the characteristic value is usually written as "why ......")
C. Countermeasure fishbone diagram (fish head on the left, characteristic values are usually written as "how to improve/improve ......")
Steps:
There are two steps to make a fishbone diagram: analyze the cause/structure of the problem and draw a fishbone diagram.
1. Analyze the cause/structure of the problem
A. According to the problem point, select the layer method (such as man-machine-material method, ring, etc.).
B. Find out all possible causes (factors) for each layer category according to brainstorming.
C. Classify and sort out the elements identified and clarify their subordination.
D. Analyze and select important factors.
E. Check the description method of each element to ensure that the grammar is concise and the meaning is clear.
Analytical Takeaways
a. When determining the major factors (big bones), the on-site operation generally starts from the "man-machine-material law ring", and the management problems are generally from the "personnel, time, and place" level, which should be decided according to the specific situation;
b. The big cause must be described in neutral words (not good or bad), and the medium and small cause must use value judgment (such as... bad);
c. When brainstorming, you should find out all the possible causes as much as possible, not just what you can fully control or are doing. For people's causes, it is advisable to start from the perspective of actions rather than thoughts and attitudes;
d. There is a direct cause-problem relationship between the medium cause and the characteristic value, the small cause and the medium cause, and the small cause can be analyzed to the point where the countermeasures can be directly taken;
e. If a reason can be attributed to two or more factors at the same time, please take the one with the strongest correlation as the one (if necessary, consider the three-present principle: that is, to see the present at the scene, and find out the most relevant factor through the comparison of relative conditions. )
f. When selecting important reasons, there should be no more than 7 items, and the reasons should be marked at the very end;
2. Drawing process of fishbone diagram
A. Fill in the fish head (described in a bad way) and draw the main bone
B. Draw the big bones and fill in the big causes
C. Draw the middle bone and small bones, and fill in the small and minor factors
D. Use special symbols to identify important factors
Key points: When drawing, ensure that the large bone is at an angle of 60 degrees with the main bone, and the middle bone is parallel to the main bone
Directions:
(1) Find the problem to be solved;
(2) Write the question on the head of the fishbone;
(3) Gather colleagues to discuss the possible causes of problems and find out as many problems as possible;
(4) Group the same problem and mark it on the fishbone;
(5) Solicit everyone's opinions according to different problems and summarize the correct reasons;
(6) Take out any question and study why such a question arises?
(7) Why? This goes at least five levels deeper (ask five questions in a row);
(8) When you get to the fifth level and you think that you can't proceed, list the reasons for these problems, and then list at least 20 solutions.
Come on, let's draw one together.
1. Draw a main bone and fish head, the fish head can be made by yourself or the next one online.
2. Write the problem you want to solve on the fish's head
3. Draw large bones, generally draw six large bones, at a 60-degree angle to the main bone. These six bones are the six aspects of the analysis problem, "man, machine, material, method, environment, and measurement", that is, "5M1E"
4. Convene a meeting and brainstorm a review of the problem. Raise as many possible causes of the problem as possible, do not object in the process, do not strike. List all the reasons and discuss them together to remove duplicate and meaningless reasons
5. Classify the main causes according to "man, machine, material, method, environment, and measurement", fill in the six big bones respectively, and then discuss them one by one to find out the most likely cause and mark it.
In the process of brainstorming, you must not interrupt others' speeches, do not criticize or oppose, and prevent the real cause from being stifled.