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The statements in this article are based on reliable sources and have been summarized at the end of the article
"If it weren't for Comrade Qian Zhuangfei, we would have died in the hands of the Kuomintang a long time ago." Many years later, Premier Zhou sat in the West Flower Hall and still often talked about him.
What can make Mr. Zhou's concept unforgettable is Qian Zhuangfei, who struggled on the underground hidden front of the CCP and was known as one of the "Three Heroes of Longtan". Regrettably, his whereabouts were lost in 1935 on the way to the Red Army's Long March. His whereabouts have become an unsolved case in the history of the Communist Party of China.
Qian Zhuangfei
How to become a lurker for a good student
In 1896, Qian Zhuangfei was born in Wu County, Zhejiang Province, to a family of silk merchants. With the financial support of his family, Qian Zhuangfei has received a good education since he was a child. He did not waste himself because his family had money, and he has always been an excellent student who studied hard. There were unforeseen circumstances, and Qian's father's business failed, and he died after a short time, leaving orphans and widows with difficulty in making ends meet.
Qian Zhuangfei withstood the pressure of his family's financial difficulties and insisted on finishing his medical major in college. As a high-level intellectual at that time, Qian Zhuangfei also came into contact with the new wave of ideas at that time, communist thought, and joined the Communist Party of China in 1926.
After joining the party, Qian Zhuangfei relied on the convenience of his work to secretly transmit information to the CCP, and also quietly distributed some pamphlets promoting communism on the streets. In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched the "Four. 12 "Counter-revolutionary coup d'état, massacre of communists." Qian Zhuangfei's identity in Beijing was exposed, and he was forced to come to Shanghai under the pseudonym "Nanfei".
In order to make a living, Qian Zhuangfei looked for a job everywhere, and by chance, he saw a recruitment notice for a radio training class, so he boldly tried it, but he didn't expect to be admitted with an excellent score of first place. After entering the training class, he found out that this was an organization subordinate to the Kuomintang intelligence department, and the administrator was none other than Xu Enzeng, director of the Kuomintang Zhejiang Provincial Telegraph Bureau.
Xu Enzeng is also a native of Zhejiang, and with the relationship between his fellow villagers and his excellent performance, Qian Zhuangfei quickly became the backbone. Xu En once trusted him very much and asked him to be his secretary.
With this layer of identity, Qian Zhuangfei provided a lot of important information for the underground party organization of the Communist Party of China. With Qian Zhuangfei's infiltration first, members of the underground party of the Communist Party of China also quickly lurked in the Kuomintang Shanghai intelligence system, weaving a "dark web" under the noses of the Kuomintang spies.
The underground front turned the tide at a critical moment
The underground front is surging, and it is necessary to be cautious at all times. In 1931, Gu Shunzhang, who was also an underground party, received the task of escorting Zhang Guotao and other senior leaders of the CCP from Shanghai to the Hubei-Henan-Anhui revolutionary base area. After the mission was completed, Gu Shunzhang ignored the rules and regulations and accidentally exposed his identity and was arrested by the Kuomintang secret service.
After being arrested, Gu Shunzhang quickly defected, and at the same time leaked part of the list of the CCP's underground party and secret contact locations, and also promised the Kuomintang secret service that the information he knew could wipe out the leading organs and leaders of the CPC Central Committee, as well as the Communists hidden by the Kuomintang special department.
According to the information provided by Shunzhang, the Kuomintang secret service arrested a large number of underground parties, the communication channels of the underground party members in Shanghai were quickly blocked, the underground intelligence network suffered an unprecedented blow, and senior leaders of the underground party, including Zhou Enlai and Li Kenong, were at risk of being exposed and arrested.
In order to win over the high-ranking officials, Gu Shunzhang did not tell all the news he knew in one go, but proposed to go to Nanjing to meet Chiang Kai-shek. He Chengjun, director of the Kuomintang Wuhan Appeasement Office, therefore sent six urgent telegrams to Xu Enzeng, asking for "Xu Enzeng's personal translation", which aroused the attention of his secretary Qian Zhuangfei, who felt that this matter was not trivial, so he took out the code book that he had secretly photographed in Xu Enzeng's office before, and translated the contents of the telegram in advance.
After learning the news of Gu Shunzhang's rebellion, Qian Zhuangfei broke out in a cold sweat behind his back, Gu Shunzhang knew too much news! The experience of a long period of underground struggle made him quickly calm down, and he tried every means to pass the news to Li Kenong, who quickly held a meeting, quickly arranged for the Shanghai underground party members to evacuate, changed the location and time of intelligence contact, abolished all secret codes, and kept the backbone members of the Shanghai underground party in time.
After handing over the six urgent telegrams to Xu Enzeng on time, Qian Zhuangfei waited and watched the situation, and at the same time used the transmission methods at his disposal to inform the comrades to evacuate, and finally asked to "go home to recuperate" on the grounds of illness, and left the Kuomintang secret service. Because of the rapid adjustment and evacuation of the underground party members, the Kuomintang agents pounced on the arrest of the top leaders of the Chinese Communist Party.
The whereabouts of the Long March are a mystery
After leaving Shanghai, Qian Zhuangfei changed his name and residence many times to avoid the pursuit of the Kuomintang, and finally arrived safely at the Ruijin Revolutionary Base in Jiangxi. In the base area, Qian Zhuangfei continued to be in charge of technical investigation and intelligence work, providing a large amount of accurate information for the CCP's military operations.
In 1934, Qian Zhuangfei followed the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the long journey of the Long March. On the way, he collected information on enemy forces 24 hours a day. For the convenience of his work, the organization sent a mule to him, but he lent it to the sick and wounded warriors. In 1935, the Red Army crossed the Wujiang River and was bombed by the enemy when it passed through the Liuchang area of Xifeng County, Guizhou.
The central government immediately sent people to look for him, but the world is vast, sparsely populated, and there are enemy troops chasing after him, where can he be found? In 1945, the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Political Department of the Central Military Commission compiled and printed the "Heroic List of Martyrs" with Qian Zhuangfei's name written, but where did Comrade Qian Zhuangfei go? How did he get sacrificed? After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the central government continued to send people to conduct investigations.
As for the cause of Qian Zhuangfei's death, there are various speculations, some say that he was killed by "enemy bombing", some say that he was "killed by reactionary militia groups", and some say that he was "killed by armed bandits".
Finally, in 2001, the Party History Research Office of the Guizhou Provincial Party Committee and the Guizhou Provincial State Security Department formed a joint investigation team, and after carrying out many seminars based on the previous investigation report and many visits and investigations, the process of Comrade Qian Zhuangfei's sacrifice was finally restored.
Back on April 1, 1935, the north bank of the Wujiang River left the Tiziyan Ferry. Peng Guirong, a peasant woman in shabby clothes, saw a tall, long-shaped face from a distance, a yellow cloth bag and a small leather bag on his back, a bag of things in his hand, and a pistol with him walking slowly towards her.
"Sister-in-law, can I buy you something to eat?"
He spoke a provincial dialect that Peng Guirong couldn't understand. Because the Red Army had all crossed the river at this time, Peng Guirong was not sure whether he was a Red Army or not, and remembering the fierce appearance of the Kuomintang army, she turned her head and ran away in fear. Later, the man went to another family to buy food, but because of the language barrier, he still did not buy anything to eat.
He staggered to the door of a family. This family lives in Li Congshan, who is an accomplice of the local bully landlord and a local bandit. Li Congshan looked at the burden and pistol in the man's hand, and suddenly had evil thoughts.
"Brother, I'll show you the way, don't worry, I'll definitely find you a place to settle down."
Seeing that someone was willing to help him, the man hurriedly thanked him and followed Li Congshan to the Yantian Rock near the Ladder Rock. Li Congshan pretended to give the man serious directions, and just as the man was listening intently to his route, Li Congshan suddenly exerted his strength and pushed the man off the thirty-meter-high cliff violently!
The man was caught by a tree near the cliff during the fall, and Li Congshan picked up a stone and threw it off the cliff, stoning the man to death and snatching all the belongings from the man. When the local people saw it, they buried the body and marked it. After verification by the investigation team, it was determined that the man was Qian Zhuangfei, who disappeared near the Wujiang River that year.
On September 14, 2009, Qian Zhuangfei was named "Heroic and Exemplary Person Who Made Outstanding Contributions to the Founding of New China". Martyr Qian Zhuangfei's life was dedicated to the CCP's intelligence gathering work. The extraordinary courage and wisdom used to fight against the enemy's special forces provided a lot of important information for the strategic and tactical readjustment of the Red Army, and it is worthy of the admiration of all of us.
A generation of heroes died at the hands of villains, which can't help but make people sigh.
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Resources
CHEN Dide. Guiyang Literature and History,2001(02):65-71.
Ding dong. Labor and Social Security World,2017(07):70-71.