A Review of Celebrity Funerals in Modern Times (Postscript) (II)
7. Funeral examples belonging to famous singers in the old opera industry. As:
Chen Delin is a famous Peking Opera Tsing Yi actor in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. At the age of 20, he was elected to the palace and became the "Inner Court Worship". The Peking Opera "Sacrifice to the River", "Cailou Pei", "Luhua River", Kunqu Opera "Zhaojun Out of the Plug" and "Odd Shuanghui" are praised by people. There were many teachers of Chen Men who learned opera, Mei Lanfang, Wang Huifang, Wang Yaoqing, Wang Qinnong, Jiang Miaoxiang, Yao Yufu, and were known as the six disciples of Chen Men.
On July 27, the 19th year of the Republic of China (1930), Chen Delin died of typhoid fever at the age of 69. It is said that his mourning is no less than that of Wang Changlin, Yang Xiaolou and others. His funeral was presided over by Cao Xinquan. The coffin was given by his son-in-law Yu Shuyan. On the third day, there are a lot of people in the Ling world. Even Hou Junshan (old thirteen dan), who is more than a year old, specially came from Zhangjiakou to pay tribute. Wang Qinnong, Jiang Miaoxiang and Yu Shuyan served as guests.
Norman Chan was suspended at home for 11 days, and was sent to the warehouse on August 5; The 6th day is engraved and introduced. During this period, the same people in the world, ticket holders and celebrities from all walks of life gave them elegiac couplets, according to the record of the master, there were 48 pieces published in the "Drama Monthly" that year, many of which were excellent. For example:
Zhang Xiaoxia, a veteran of the publishing industry, said:
"Breaking the ten-year red, it is not enough to return to the river, and the endangered Xue Pinggui is still coupled; has won the white sideburns, but it is difficult to return to the sea late, and suddenly lost the teacher Chen Ziliang. ”
Opera writer Fu Xu - Qingyi Jushi said:
"No one talks about the old things; Sad and weeping Jungwon. ”
Wang Yaoqing saves the day:
"Righteousness and mentor in life; One voice and two slim. ”
Wang Changlin said:
"Taoli Wei Xinying is all cultivated by the public; Nan reserves great weapons, salty to the general's criterion. ”
Shang Xiaoyun said:
"In the past, I looked up to my teacher, and Mr. Yun died in the sorrowful chrysanthemum department; Chongchao was shocked by the bad news, and the old man withered and sang the pain. ”
Mei Lanfang said:
"The wood is not a mountain, and it is a trick to return late for ten days; The affection is deep and harmonious, and there are thousands of sorrows left in the twenty-year moxibustion. ”
In addition, Mei Lanfang, Yu Shuyan, Wang Qinnon, Yao Yufu, Yu Bulan, etc. each sent a shed of confession. On the day of the introduction, many famous actors and celebrities participated in the funeral, including: Yu Shuyan, Li Yongli (Li Wanchun's father), Wang Qinnong, Han Shichang, Wang Huifang, Shi Huibao, Shang Xiaoyun, Cheng Yanqiu, Yang Baozhong and dozens of others. After the coffin is mourned from Baishun Hutong, it passes Hanjiatan and Wudao Temple, walks the cherry diagonal street, enters the Guanyin Temple, goes out of the east exit of Dashilar to the south, and then goes west to the mouth of the Zhushi City.
Liyuan line with people on the northwest side of the Hufang Bridge cross road to build a sacrificial shed, in front of the shed three-door plain color archway on the book "art virtue can wind", the last paragraph of the book "Chen Delin Master Eternal", the next paragraph of the writing "Liyuan occupy the line (Dan line) public sacrifice". After the disciples and friendship public sacrifice, go west to Luomashi Street, enter the Prime Minister's Hutong, go to the street through the official vegetable garden, and go south to the Wazi Pear Garden to be buried in the cemetery.
The characters and funeral examples are typical, but after running through the library, no specific information has been found, so they have to be temporarily missing.
In addition, from the posthumous manuscript of the late Mr. Chen Jiaji, I found the article "The Plum Blossom Drum King Jinchang is in a depression after his death, and the music and art circles in Pingjin and Tianjin help the funeral". The characters and funeral examples are quite typical.
On June 17, the 33rd year of the Republic of China (1944), Jin Wanchang, a famous old plum blossom drum artist and vice president of the Changchun Association of Beiping Drum Song, died of illness at the home of his grandson Zhao Qixia, No. 8, Lily Garden, Liulichang, outside the Peace Gate, at the age of 73.
After the death of Jin Wanchang, Bai Fengming, Chang Lian'an, Hou Yichen, Gao Deming, and his disciples Bai Fenglin and Liu Lianyu organized the "Funeral Support Association", which was performed by the Beijing and Tianjin opera circles to raise funds for the funeral. At that time, Luo Yusheng, Chang Baokun, Fang Hongxia, and Bai Fengming, a famous actor in Tianjin's opera industry, raised a total of 9,000 yuan (pseudo coin) on behalf of him, and hung himself in the Yanshou Temple outside the Peace Gate. On the day of Jin Wanchang's funeral, the Beijing opera industry went to the funeral, "more than 100 people wore filial piety clothes...... Everywhere you pass, the viewer is congested", and the funeral is quite glorious.
However, the aftermath is still not known, and there is no file to check.
...... ....
Some of the "scattered leaves" of the above-mentioned modern celebrity funerals cannot be restored to their original appearance and complete appearance for the time being due to incomplete or some doubts, and can only be left for future renewal; Some are similar in funeral styles (traditional funerals are standardized and have their fixed content and form), so they are typically overlapping (such as the funeral rites of the Empress Dowager Cixi's mother-in-law in the late Qing Dynasty), so there is no need to repeat them.
Here, it should also be clear to the reader the source of the materials in this book. In the past, there were very few archives of wedding and funeral customs, including funeral ceremonies of modern celebrities, except for the Qing historical archives in the Forbidden City, which could be used for reference, such as books, classics, newspapers and magazines. The main sources of information in this book are:
1. The author personally experienced or saw it when he was a teenager. For example, on December 15, the 35th year of the Republic of China (1946), Wu Peifu was publicly memorialized from all walks of life in Beiping; Folk artist Hu Dequan (Hu Laodao) "Women should be married when they die", etc., are all situations that the author saw when he went to the ceremony with his parents. Of course, more information is obtained from "watching the liveliness" in Guanghua Temple and Jiaxing Temple. said that it was to watch the excitement, but it was actually equivalent to sitting in the theater troupe. Because through watching the excitement, I got to know many practitioners in the rental industry of wedding and funeral supplies, and even the stewards of the temple who specialize in socializing and stopping the soul for a while. Although I have no "master-apprentice" relationship with them, they have actually become my "masters" who teach "sitting" courses. It should be said that the author has learned from the "science class" that is always promoted to do red and white ceremonies, and it is more comprehensive, systematic, and profound than the practitioners who really "sit in the department".
2. Living information obtained by the author in recent years through interviews with the elderly living in Beijing. For example, in the 5th year of the Republic of China (1916), Yuan Shikai was mourned, and Mr. Xiao Jingquan, the former Guishou Caizi Bureau, wrote an article "Funeral Trivia", which was published in the 76th volume of the "Selected Literary and Historical Materials" of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and was also attached to the book "The Dream of the Emperor in the Eighty-three Days".
But according to the old funeral rites, it seems that there are many important links that should and must be in place. For example, Yuan's burial, funeral utensils, funeral clothes, funeral objects, and filial piety's "obedience clothes"; Is there a three-in-one move, and is there a send-to-send-to-library ceremony? Since the eldest wife is allowed to hold the jar, what is the ceremony of carrying the jar? It's not clear. So, the author asked an old man who knew about it, Mr. Chen Jiaji, for advice.
Mr. Chen was originally a descendant of the Liuhe shed shop in the Great Liubukou in the Peace Gate, and his grandfather and father had responded to Cixi, Guangxu "longevity", as well as Cixi, Guangxu's funeral shed color full life, but also undertook Yuan Shikai's death, in Beijing Zhongnanhai and his hometown of Henan Zhangde funeral shed full life, has seen the beginning and end of Yuan funeral.
As a result, there have been intermittent talks about the relevant realities of the year. Mr. Chan made a more detailed addition to his memory. However, there are still many questions that remain in doubt. Based on the interviews, the author has rewritten and supplemented Mr. Xiao's article "Funeral Trivia". A large part of this book is material that belongs to the author's personal experience, such as Pu Yi's "Temporary Peace" ceremony for Tan Yuling during the Puppet Manchurian period; the Feng'an ceremony of Jingyi and Ronghui concubines; and the funeral of the regent Zaifeng at the end of the Qing Dynasty, etc., all of which were provided by Mr. Di Hengye, the manager of the Xincheng Bar House in Xihuangcheng, outside the former Di'an Gate, and collated by the author with reference to other relevant materials.
Another example: "The Monk Death Ceremony, Hair Shrine, and Tukun Jisheng" is based on the oral accounts of the Buddhist community, the former abbot of Yijiao Temple, the former Zhongnanhai Wanshan Temple, the former Zhongnanhai Wanshan Temple, Zhao Jinghe, the former monk of Guangshan Temple, and others, as well as the relevant library materials donated by Master Zhengguo and Hongdao Layman, a disciple of the Living Buddha in the West. He also asked Elder Xiuming, president of the Beijing Buddhist Association, to write an inscription. As for the other chapters, most of them are compiled from relevant books, newspapers and periodicals. The source is indicated at the end of the article.
Although all the chapters of this book are revisited by old news, they are also old news, and they have the nature of rare news, such as: the "Temporary Annunciation" of the puppet Manchurian Tan Yuling, which is a rare literary and historical material. Another example: the specific circumstances of the famous monk's passing ceremony, hair shrine, tea and other details are little known. It is not without benefit for future generations to know and understand the past.
The reason why "The Great Funeral of Famous Celebrities in Modern Times" was written should be said to be the result of the author's lifelong good observation, petitioning, shameless questioning, and good at collecting. As for the inspection of the relevant archives and newspapers and periodicals, it is only for the purpose of filling in and filling in the deficiencies of the original living materials, further verifying, and making necessary corrections to the parts that are inconsistent.
It should also be noted that it was very difficult to go to the library to find relevant books and newspapers according to the materials or clues provided by the old-timers in the past, because in those days, all these things could not be found with paper and pen, and looking up them was like panning for gold in the Han Sea, and the "gold" that was mined was not necessarily very pure, and it had to be processed and refined. Although he has been determined to "dig" and "smelt" without sleep and food, the quality and quantity of the information obtained are still not satisfactory. This book is purely a reference book of literature and history, it is not an ordinary literary and artistic work, nor is it a romance or novel, so we must strive to be authentic and credible, and be responsible for history and future generations. It is based on this consideration that the author does not dare to render each burial case from content to form, but uses the brushwork of "white drawing" to "documentary". Strive not to be wrong about the time, place, person, and general outline of the event.
However, the author's ambition is sparse, his skills are insufficient, his knowledge is limited, and the information he has is incomplete, so it is difficult to verify all of them for a while. In particular, the printing quality of old books, newspapers and magazines is extremely poor, and some memorial texts, elegiac couplets, plaques, and even the names of people, places, and special terms in some literary genres are not very clear. As a result, there may be typos and typos in the citations of this book. As for the omissions and fallacies of the full text, it is even more inevitable, and I hope that experts, scholars, peers and readers will criticize and correct them.
As this book is about to be published, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to the above-mentioned seniors who provided the information.
Chang Renchun was in Beijing two days after Duanyang in 1996
(1) Deacons of Manchu and Meng. The Manchu deacons are not only for the Manchurians, but also for the Manchurian, Mongolian, and Han 24 flags. The deacons of the Manchurian, Mongolian, and Han banners are basically the same, but there are slight differences in a few places. There are no specific deacons of the Eight Banners of Mongolia and the Eight Banners of the Han Dynasty in the capital. Therefore, a deacon can also be called a "flag deacon". Fan Men Xuan (the banner in the army in the old days), Qulu (Manchu transliteration, that is, small Door Xu. In the old days, it was used in the Eight Flags), all of which were distinguished by the "flag" color of the bereaved and the deceased. The positive colors are yellow, white, red and blue; There are also four flags in the inlay, yellow, white and blue with red edges; Only the red flag with white borders. The flag is red for the Han army; The black tassels are full and blind. And with the red cloth purse, pillow, round cake, Han, Manchu, and Mongolian tied next to the flag.
(2) Xinmin Daily, Beijing, April 17, 1938.
(3) Minyan Bao, Beiping, May 2-3, 1937.
(4) "Tianjin Literary and Historical Materials Selection", Volume 46, Yang Shaozhou, "Eating Red and White Rice in Tianjin Before Liberation", April 1989, first edition.
(5) Beijing, Shuntian Times, September 13, 1923; September 20; November 4th. 5th Edition. Ta Kung Pao, Tianjin, October 1, 1923, 2nd edition.
(6) Beijing, Xinminhao, May 19 and May 20, 1938.
(7) Xinmin Daily, Beijing, June 6, 1939, page 1.
(8) Xinmin Daily, Beijing, September 26, 1941.
(9) Xinmin Daily, Beijing, June 30, 1941.
(10) Internal information: "Chen Delin's Commentary" edited by Chen Zhiming.