A Review of Celebrity Funerals in Modern Times (Postscript) (Part I)
Is the book "The Great Funeral of Celebrities in Modern Times" finished?
No! As far as the author's specific conditions are concerned, it is impossible to accomplish all of them in one battle. This can only be regarded as a temporary end. Originally, the number of cases that should be selected for the Beijing area and related celebrity funerals is incalculable, and it is by no means just the 30 or so cases selected in this book. Only the sporadic materials that the author has at hand will be credibly at my fingertips, and I will make a summary of the nature of the piece.
1. After the Xinhai Revolution, the government of the Republic of China also allowed the existence of a small court in the Forbidden City of Beijing in accordance with the "Conditions for Preferential Treatment of the Qing Dynasty". From the 2nd year of the Republic of China (1913) to November of the 13th year of the Republic of China (1924), Feng Yuxiang launched the "Beijing Coup" to revise the preferential treatment of the Qing family, and drove Pu Yi and others out of the palace.
These people are all in accordance with the Qing system for funerals, of course, they are nothing more than a set of red tape funerals like "The Life of the Aristocracy in the Late Qing Dynasty" written by Zaitao and Yun Baohui. However, there are many typical examples that reflect the etiquette system of the Qing Dynasty, such as: princes, county kings, and Baylor have the title of county king and those without the title of county king; into eight points and not into eight points of the town of the country, auxiliary state; What is the difference between the prince's Fujin, the side Fujin and the side Fujin of the "Mother Borrowed Viscount" at the funeral, and where is it manifested? A whole set and a series of concrete examples can be found in these princely ministers who were posthumously ordained, honored, and beneficial. Unfortunately, this specific and detailed information has not yet been found.
2. After the complete collapse of the 13th year of the Republic of China (1924), the princes and other Qing Dynasty relics still mourned in accordance with the Qing system, and the Beijing Municipal Government ended with this, such as:
Nayantu, the prince of Mongolia Khalkha Zasak and Shuo Chechnya, whose ancestor Tseling was meritorious in helping the Qing court pacify Erut, was awarded the title of prince in successive dynasties, and was twice "Shangzhu" (marrying a princess as his wife). Nayantu is the seventh generation of princes.
At 3:30 a.m. on April 16, the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), Wang Zuo Hutong died of illness in the Beicheng Bell Tower. He died at the age of 72. On the 18th, the three sheds of Fan, Tao and Zen were connected to three. On the 21st, the west of Huangchenggen Jiaxing Temple. Its funeral was undertaken by Chen Ji Yongsheng Bar House in Dongsi Pig City. Zunqing system funeral. With a red python big cover, hang apricot yellow "walking water", 64 people bar, with apricot yellow tripping rope, apricot yellow support pad to carry the spirit. The barman changed two shifts, and both inserted apricot-yellow pheasant feathers on the green felt lotus leaf hat. On the side of the bar, the flag of eight apricot yellow and white lights was raised, and the words "Wangfu Fengyi" were written on it. The whole hall was full, and the honor guard was "about 1,000 people. More than 300 people went to the funeral. Demuchuk Donruput, vice chairman of the puppet Mongolian Union Autonomous Government, sent Ao Yunzhang, director of the provincial office in Beijing, to return to Beijing on the 20th to pay tribute.
In order to commemorate the merits of Nayantu, the puppet provisional government issued a "government decree" to show its admiration:
"The Mongolian Khalkha Zasak and the Chechen prince Nayantu are respectful, loyal and pure, and early and exemplary; Xuanli Republic of China, successive ranks, long-term diligence, respect for the heroic domain, famous Long Fuyi. I am deeply saddened by the passing away. On the common news of meritorious deeds, it is appropriate to be famous and famous, and always be a senior, but not to be left behind. Remembering the old man, it is enough to be discreet, and the achievements are specially applied to show praise. This order! ”②
Because the royal palace was on the verge of economic exhaustion, his son Qi Keshen sold the only remaining treasures and gave his father a funeral. The reason for the suspension of the spirit is to cover up the embarrassment of not being able to be hanged in the house. There is no follow-up on his funeral.
Xunqing Shaobao Zhu Yifan and his wife died in the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), and the couple mourned together. On May 2, it was hung in the private residence of East 42 Article. Since 9 o'clock in the morning, more than 200 Chinese and foreign celebrities have gone to pay tribute to Feng Shu, Fu Zengxiang, Jiang Chaozong, Fu Kaisen, and representatives of military and political dignitaries. Mayor Qin Dechun, Shao Lizi, Yu Youren, Jiao Yitang, etc., all sent elegiac couplets and words. At 5 o'clock in the afternoon, the three classes of Fan, Tao and Zen were sent to the warehouse. The next day, it was taken from the private residence. The coffins of the couple were moved to the Fayuan Temple outside the Xuanwu Gate to stop the temporary house, and about 300 people participated in the funeral. It is also a big funeral in the form of two spirits in the capital. Unfortunately, the information is not available in detail.
Liu Chunlin, the champion of the late Qing Dynasty, died of illness during the Japanese pseudo-period. According to the Qing system, the funeral was treated. Before the funeral, according to the Han official etiquette and customs, the mourning family hired Fu Zengxiang, the teacher of Emperor Puyi of the Xuantong Emperor of the Xunqing Dynasty, as the chief official; Former Qing Han Lin Pan Lingquan, Guo Xiaolu for the Xiang chief official to Liu Chunlin to establish the "god master", before the burial of the original hometown, in the Xiaxiao Street Changchun Temple to stop the soul of the temporary house, its funeral by the Di'an Gate outside the West Huangcheng Gen Xin into the bar room undertakes. With the use of the "Wuhantang" banner umbrella, there are more than 100 official title plates and meritorious plaques alone. 64 people are on the bar, and there are two shifts.
When the funeral train passed through Shijuma Street, it encountered the fence gatehouse of the original public lane; The streets of Xiaxie Street are too narrow, and they can't walk away from the 64-person bar. Zhang Yizhi, the clerk of the puppet Beijing District Court, was appointed as the general manager, and strictly ordered the head of the bar to keep the original bar and the original cover (no equipment on the bar or cover should be disassembled, and no bar man should be reduced), and it was carried straight to the temple. It made Xincheng show his skills. This is the last "champion funeral" in Beijing.
3. About the funeral of the Beiyang warlords and politicians of the Republic of China.
In the early days of the Republic of China, the funerals of politicians, except for a few people such as Feng Guozhang, mostly took place in Tianjin. It is said that the largest funeral in Tianjin belonged to Li Chun, the overseer of Jiangsu in the 9th year of the Republic of China (1920). He died in office and was supported by his family to return to Tianjin for funeral. As soon as the coffin arrives in the residence, the first thing is to build a tent to repair the scriptures, relatives near and far, and even the neighbors come to hang filial piety and guard the spirit, and there is a banquet every day. Two days before the trigger. During this period, there are ceremonies such as family laying and becoming the master. Monks and Taoists do ritual such as watching lanterns, washing Buddhas, worshipping tables, and changing flags.
The banquet is held twice a day in the morning and evening, and there are five or six places where the banquet is held, all of which are seafood duck wing seats, as well as halal banquets, to entertain relatives and friends of the Hui people. Whoever comes to mourn will be given a new filial piety dress to each person, and they will be entertained for dinner in the morning and evening. During the funeral, almost all the "big seats" of Tianjin white shops were used, such as the Decree Pavilion, the Yellow Flag, and the Yellow Umbrella, and the pavilion bearers all wore red driving clothes (this was the system of Luan Yiwei in the Qing Dynasty). Many civil and military deacons who had not been used for a long time were put on the streets. The funeral was contracted by Liu Jiang'er's bar room, and a Dulong bar carried by 64 people was used, and a roll of newly embroidered Beijing-style covers was buckled. This move caused a sensation throughout Tianjin, and its "grand occasion" was no less than that of the Imperial Meeting. Where the funeral column passes through the streets, every family picks up relatives and friends to see the liveliness, and there are even those who set up tents along the street, and there are thousands of empty alleys everywhere.
On September 12, the 12th year of the Republic of China (1923), Zhang Xun died of illness in Tianjin, and the prosperity of his funeral was one of the few in modern times, but the major newspapers and periodicals in Beijing and Tianjin did not contain it, so it was not detailed. I saw that after Zhang's death, his family published a funeral "oral report" in major newspapers and magazines; An official obituary.
The report said:
"Zhang Dashuai Shaoxuan died on the second day of the eighth month of the old calendar; On the third day of the first month, there was a big funeral; The fourth day of the first month is followed by three. this newspaper
sniff
Tianjin British Concession Songshou Li Zhang Mansion Room Respectfully opened
Official obituary:
Misreporting
The sins of unfilial piety and dreams are deep and prolonged
Exams
He was awarded Dr. Guanglu and General Jianwei
Yu Zhongwu Shaoxuan Mansion Jun died on the second day of the first month of August in the year of Guihai. Zmoub received the post on the 23rd, 24th, and 25th of the ninth month of the summer calendar. Cited on the 27th. Mourn the obituary
Wei Yuan
The orphan son Zhang Mengchao and Mengjin wept blood
Fan Fen
Jiayou
The great merit of the younger brother burst into tears
Blaze clouds
Yun Ying
Reach
Gongfu nephew Zhao wiped away tears
Invited
Invited
It is said that his funeral was "prepared for the best of good". Zhang Zuolin specially rushed from Lanzhou to Tianjin to personally preside over the funeral expenses, and the funeral expenses cost a total of 200,000 yuan, all of which were funded by Zhang Zuolin alone. Zhang Xun hanged in the Tianjin apartment for three days, in addition to the dignitaries in Beijing and Tianjin, other politicians and celebrities from Suzhou, Hubei, Henan, Shandong and Xuzhou came to pay tribute in person with his wife, or sent representatives to pay tribute. Due to the large number of people, the seats on the Beijing-Tianjin and Beijing-Feng trains were full. The number of hangers is especially in the military circles, accounting for about 70% of the total number.
There is also a Cao Kun among the presidents of the Republic of China, who has been living in Tianjin since February of the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927) and has been a "super residence". After the September 18 incident, the Japanese invaders dragged him into the water many times to join the puppet regime, but Cao Kun always refused to cooperate.
On May 17, the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), Cao Kun died of illness in Tianjin Yingzujie at the age of 76. The puppet Beijing Provisional Government made a gesture and gave a special funeral fee of 5,000 yuan (counterfeit currency), and ordered all aircraft to fly the flag at half-mast on May 25 for one day to pay tribute. According to reports, on May 20, the day of the three, he went to the condolences to send the three, one after another at the door, and for a while, the car and white horse were on the way. In addition to Hebei Provincial Governor Gao Lingfei who went to pay tribute on behalf of the puppet provisional government, Tianjin Mayor Pan Yugui and directors and directors of the Tianjin Municipal Bureau also came to pay their respects. Pan Yugui and Cao's are old friends, and they are specially sent to say:
"The law system was glorious in the past, who knew that the earth was moving, the Xiao wall changed, and the new solution was unraveled, and since then the longitudinal flow has been sinking into the traces;
Daxun was not collected in the end, and he saw the bow and sword of the relict horse, Bo Hai was sad, and he was in the air to guard the honor, and he had to be covered with snow in vain. ”
Its banner said: "Worship the world".
In addition, Jin Yunpeng, Wu Peifu, Wang Huaiqing, Chen Guangyuan, Zhu Zuozhou and others also came to pay tribute. At about 5 o'clock in the afternoon, the three classes of Fan, Dao, and Zen attacked the Dharma to guide the filial piety, and sent the paper chariots and horses to the British Concession Riverside for incineration.
But unfortunately, this information is incomplete, and the facts of its owner, companionship, and introduction remain to be investigated.