Blood, urine, and stool routines
Known as the "Three Rules"
It is the most common examination item in hospitals
However, for many patients who are initially examined
It is not easy to obtain a qualified specimen for examination
Let's find out
Please note the precautions for collecting test specimens
Precautions for doing routine blood tests
Do I need to fasting before doing a blood routine?
Can I drink water?
There is no need to fasting before the blood routine examination alone, you can drink water in moderation (within 100 ml), and try to avoid strong tea, coffee, cola and other drinks to avoid affecting the results. The blood items that need to be fasted include (but are not limited to): glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, bone metabolism related items and platelet aggregation rate, etc., among which liver function, blood glucose, blood lipids, etc., these blood items fluctuate greatly due to diet, so fasting is required.
Can I exercise before doing a blood routine?
Strenuous exercise (e.g., running, basketball, tennis, swimming, etc.) is not recommended in principle within 24 hours before blood collection. Because strenuous exercise will interfere with the blood test results, it is mainly reflected in the acceleration of metabolism in the body, which changes the levels of aminotransferase, growth hormone, adrenaline, adrenocorticotropic hormone and other levels in the blood, affecting the test results.
Precautions for urinalysis
How to keep a urine sample, do I need to fast?
Fasting is generally not required for a urine routine test alone, but fasting is required for urine glucose testing. For different urine tests, the methods of collecting urine samples also have different requirements, which are divided into the following 4 types:
1. Random urine: urine discharged at any time without any preparation, without time limit, suitable for the detection of urine routine, urine sediment and other items;
2. Morning urine: the urine discharged before getting up in the morning, before breakfast and exercise, morning urine is suitable for the evaluation of renal concentration function, the examination of blood cells, epithelial cells, casts, crystals and other formed components, and urine pregnancy test;
3. 24h urine: on the day of the start of specimen collection (such as 7 o'clock in the morning), urinate and discard the urine, start the time from this time and keep the urine, and collect all the 24-hour urine in the pre-prepared container, which is suitable for the quantitative analysis of urine protein, urine creatinine and other items;
4. Clean mid-section urine: In the process of urination, discard the urine discharged in the pre- and post-periods, and collect the urine in the middle period with a sterile container, which is suitable for the cultivation and identification of urinary pathogenic bacteria.
Can disposable paper cups be used to retain urine?
Disposable paper cups are open, which is easy to fall into contaminants and should not be used to retain urine. It is necessary to use a dry, clean, lid, and non-leaking disposable clean container, and the urine should be sent for testing within 2 hours after it has been stored.
What factors can cause a urine specimen to be unqualified?
1. Too little urine output
2. The specimen is stored for too long
3. The patient drinks too much water before leaving the specimen
4. Specimens should be taken during menstruation
5. Urine mixed with other substances
Precautions for doing a bowel routine
How are common stool specimens collected?
1. If the fecal specimen is loose or unformed, you can first leave 15-30ml in a clean container (not scooped from the urinal or ground) to avoid contamination of the specimen.
2. If the fecal specimen is formed stool, use a small spoon in the specimen box to take a small spoon of fresh feces (about 5g soybean size), slowly put it into the specimen box, and send it for testing in time.
How are special stool specimens collected?
1. When examining fecal occult blood specimens, vitamin C, iron, meat, liver, blood, and a large number of green vegetables are prohibited 3 days before the specimen is taken.
2. When examining parasites, if you need to hatch schistosomiasis larvae, it is best to keep whole fresh feces (not less than 30g); If amoebic trophozoite examination is required, take the purulent or thin part immediately after defecation, and keep the specimen warm; If pinworm eggs need to be examined, a clear film swab can be used to swab from the folds around the anus in the morning before defecation; If other parasite tests are done, try to leave a little in each part of the stool to increase the positive rate of the test.
Urine tests are not allowed during menstruation
Can I do a routine stool test?
Adult women should avoid the menstrual period when doing urine routine and stool routine to avoid false positives caused by blood streaks and affect the test results.
Audit Specialists
Author of this article
Source: Jiangxi Provincial Chest Hospital
Correspondents: Huang Xuan, Zhang Jiyun, Lu Yizhou
Editor: Huang Menglin
Reviewer: Chen Shirui
Issued: Daley Red
Picture: Some of the pictures in this article are from the Internet, the copyright belongs to the original author, if there is any infringement, please contact us to delete.