At the BYD shareholders' meeting in June, BYD Chairman Wang Chuanfu said that lithium iron phosphate batteries are preferred for energy storage, and the United States has been gradually replacing ternary lithium batteries in the energy storage business.
The most important thing about energy storage batteries is safety, the average car only works for 2 hours a day, and the loss of a short circuit of a battery cell is the cost of a car. The energy storage battery works 24 hours a day, and the amount of investment is large, and the problem of one battery cell will cause asset disasters and environmental problems.
The safety management of energy storage batteries has also become the top priority of energy storage manufacturers.
In the context of global carbon neutrality, the global energy storage market has entered a stage of rapid development, and the new installed capacity of the global tartrate market will reach 103.5GWh in 2023.
According to statistics, the newly installed capacity of China's energy storage market will reach 51GWh in 2023, a year-on-year increase of 221%, accounting for about 49% of the world's total.
National policy support has become a powerful driver for the development of energy storage
According to statistics, in 2023, China will issue a total of 231 policies on industrial and commercial energy storage, including a total of 32 subsidy policies, which has become a powerful means to promote the development of industrial and commercial energy storage in China.
Various provinces have also issued relevant energy storage installation targets, among which Shanxi Province ranks first with the installation plan of "10GW by 2025", and various subsidies based on "capacity subsidies" and "investment subsidies" have become the core driving force for energy storage installation.
Energy storage technology and development
1. Components of the energy storage system
Energy storage battery: The core component of the energy storage system, which is used to store electrical energy. Common types of batteries include lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, and more.
Energy storage converter: The energy storage bidirectional converter (PCS) realizes the AC and DC conversion between the battery and the power grid, completes the bidirectional energy flow, and realizes the functions of charge and discharge management, grid side load power and other tracking.
Energy storage battery management system (BMS): responsible for monitoring and controlling the status of the battery, the charging and discharging process, and protecting the battery from abnormal conditions such as overcharge, overdischarge, and overcurrent.
High temperatures, overcharge, internal short circuits, etc., cause the internal chemical reaction of the battery to get out of control, generate a lot of heat, and may cause fire or explosion. With the wide application of battery energy storage system, the problem of thermal runaway has also been paid attention to, and for energy storage BMS, prevention and control of thermal runaway is the key to ensure system safety.
This requires BMS to be able to supervise the energy storage battery well to ensure the safety of the battery.
For energy storage BMS, the balancing technology of the battery is also very important, the battery pack is formed by a plurality of batteries in series, there are differences in the current size and temperature of different single batteries, the difference between the single cells in the whole battery system approximates the positive distribution, in the whole life cycle of the battery pack, with the continuation of time, the actual effective capacity of hundreds of batteries after being grouped continues to decrease, and the battery pack presents greater discreteness, that is, the worse the consistency, the worse the charging and discharging capacity of the battery system, The same worse the economic benefits of the corresponding battery application, the worse the economic benefits of the corresponding battery application.
Energy storage energy management system (EMS): Energy storage EMS is like an operating system to a computer and a human brain to the human body, monitoring the real-time operation status information of the power station, including system power curve, battery, voltage and temperature information, etc., and can remotely control and download data.
Combined energy storage scenarios are generally divided into two categories:
The energy storage EMS on the source grid side, also known as the energy storage power station monitoring system, has relevant national standards, and has very high requirements in network security, performance requirements, high availability, etc., and for safety, it is often operated locally and is well isolated from the public network. High-performance servers are usually configured and workstations are set up for daily on-site use by on-site operation and maintenance personnel
Features: complex configuration, large redundancy, high cost
There is no relevant standard for user-side energy storage EMS, and the capacity of user-side energy storage power stations is small, the investment scale is small, the location is scattered, and there are few people on duty, so user-side energy storage EMS naturally needs to support remote monitoring.
Features: Low cost requirements, inferior to the source network side in terms of hardware configuration and performance requirements.
2. Energy storage system integration technology route
Energy storage system integration technology is of great significance for energy storage applications, from the application point of view, batteries, PCS and other equipment can take the integrated system as a unit, uniformly accept the scheduling and control of the upper energy management system, and the upper energy management system does not have to coordinate the operation and control of the underlying equipment, so as to achieve a clear division of the control scope and time scale between each other. From the perspective of equipment development, the energy storage system integration technology can realize the connection between equipment and application fields, and provide a guarantee for the modularization, standardization and low cost of equipment.
The technical route of energy storage system integration is divided into:
Centralized: It is suitable for low-voltage and high-power scenarios, and is connected to PCS through multiple clusters of batteries in parallel to achieve high-power, high-efficiency energy storage and output.
Distributed: It is more suitable for low-voltage and low-power scenarios, and each cluster of battery betta is linked to a PCS unit to realize low-power and distributed energy storage and management.
Intelligent string type: Based on the distributed energy storage system architecture, the efficient application of the energy storage system is realized through innovative technologies such as battery module-level energy optimization and battery single cluster energy control.
High-voltage cascade: The high-voltage cascade energy storage system directly connects the battery single-cluster inverter to the high-voltage power grid to achieve large-capacity and high-efficiency energy storage and output.
Distributed type: Through the DC side multi-branch parallel connection and DC/DC converter, the isolation and aggregation of batteries are realized, and the reliability and efficiency of the system are improved.
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