"Navigating" with poetry The poet who came along the Golden Bull Road
"Since ancient times, poets have entered Shu" is a unique and important literary geographical phenomenon in the history of Chinese culture, which is not only a praise for poets, but also the highest evaluation of Shu. Indeed, for thousands of years, countless "big coffees" in the poetry circle have visited Shu, and as the last post station outside Shu to enter Chengdu, Tianhui has witnessed the poets who have been in the dust all the way, carrying the poetry on the Golden Bull Road.
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Emperor Ming Xingshu Chengdu is prosperous, and the Golden Bull Road leads to all directions
In the winter of the fourteenth year of Tang Tianbao (755), the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and in June of the following year, Tongguan was lost, and Tang Xuanzong Li Longji fled to Shu, and a small town called Tianhui fortunately entered the sight of history.
Tianhui Town on the map of Chengdu in 1955 (Source: Chengdu Jinniu District Archives)
After the Anshi Rebellion, the country's economic focus shifted from the Central Plains to the Yangtze River Basin, and Chengdu became one of the most prosperous industrial and commercial cities in the country. "Yuanhe County Chronicles" said: "(Yangzhou) and Chengdu are the world's luxury, and the people of the time praise and benefit." As a result, the saying of "Yang Yi Yi Yi II" began to appear in Chinese historical records, and the prosperity of Chengdu was also well known to people all over the world.
The prosperous commerce and warm and humid natural weather of the Tang Dynasty and the leisurely and comfortable landscape life of the Chengdu Plain attracted groups of literati and artists to travel to Shu, even if there was an obstacle of "the difficulty of the Shu Road", it was difficult to resist the footsteps of the poets entering Shu. Among these poets who entered Shu, most of them came along the Golden Bull Road.
Schematic diagram of Gushu Road and Jinniu Road (Source: Xinhua News Agency)
The Golden Bull Road is the road that was seen in the history books for the first time in the history of ancient Shu, it is the most important channel for communication and trade between ancient Sichuan and the Central Plains, and it is also the foundation of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Highway built later.
The whole journey of the Golden Bull Road is more than 600 kilometers, its route is from Hanzhong through the southwest of Mian County Jinniu Station, south into Wuding Gorge to Ningqiang County, and then turn southwest through the firm pass and Huangba Station, enter the Guangyuan Qipan Pass, and then through the Mingyue Gorge, Wuli Gorge and the Stone Cabinet Station, and the Feige plank road on the cliff of the Jialing River, cross the Jialing River, arrive at the fortress Zhaohua, pass through Niutou Mountain, cross the Jianmen Pass, and then pass through the Cuiyun Corridor and the Zitong Qiqu Mountain Temple, enter Mianyang and reach Chengdu Jinniuba through the Tianhui Station. According to Yan Gengwang's "Tang Dynasty Traffic Map": "From Chengdu...... The roads are flat...... The poetry of the Tang Dynasty has done its best. It can be seen that the terrain of the Golden Bull Road is relatively flat and easy to walk, and it has become the passage that many poets choose to enter Shu. It is also recorded in the "Tang Dynasty Traffic Atlas": "It is only forty-eight miles from Xindu to Chengdu, and there is already a Tianhui Post during this period." Tianhui is an important stop on the way to Shu for the poet.
The Golden Bull Road Horse Wall
Let's follow the historical context, count some of these representative poets from the Golden Bull Road, and appreciate the poetry of their pen.
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All into Shu! Poets along the Golden Bull Road
Lu Zhaolin was the first of the "Four Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty" to enter Shu along the Golden Bull Road, and when he served as the new lieutenant of Yizhou, he wrote "Early Watershed" on the road to being demoted:
Ding Nian traveled to Shu Road, and his temples went to Chang'an.
In vain Zhou Wang Su, empty bullet Han official crown.
The horse's hooves are exhausted, and the mink is cold.
The layer of ice is nine folds, and the stones are seven plates.
Chongxi is both down and down, and the peak is also dry.
Longtou smelled the drums, and the throat flew outside the ridge.
The wind is urgent, and the mountains are full of moons.
Spread the word of the latecomer, Slucheng is alone.
Lu Zhaolin's road to Shu is melancholy, in his pen, Shu Road is frozen three feet, strange rocks, and galloping in the wind, all of which reflect the "difficulty" of Shu Road, which is difficult to Shu Road, and it is also a portrayal of his heart.
"Genius boy" Wang Bo entered Shu after Lu Zhaolin. Unlike Lu Zhaolin, who was demoted to Shu as an official, Wang Bo's entry into Shu seems to be purely for tourism. Tang Qianfeng three years (668 years), Wang Bo was expelled from the palace by Tang Gaozong because of a "Ying Wang Chicken", under the relief of his friend Yang Jiong, embarked on the long Shu Road to Chengdu to travel and relax, so from the Bao Slope Road to the Golden Bull Road, from the Great Sanguan to the Tianhui Station, left 30 poems on the Shu Road. He would not have imagined that this group of works was the earliest record of personal travel in the history of Bashu tourism.
Wang Bo, who is very enjoying this trip to Shu, thinks that Shu is "the best view of the universe", is a comfortable and leisurely, unique tourist environment, he also recorded on the way: "In May, Yu from Chang'an to view the scenery in Shu, then out of the oblique pass, to the menopause of Min'e" ("Into Shu Chronicle Poetry Preface"). This "Preface to the Poems of the Chronicles of Shu" is also the first work in the whole Tang Dynasty poem to directly write "Poems into Shu" in the title.
The towering Golden Bull Road of ancient cypress (Source: Sichuan Department of Culture and Tourism)
In the following years, Luo Bingwang and Yang Jiong also entered Shu one after another. Chengdu's historical monuments, landscapes and beautiful scenery provide the most important support for their poetry creation, and also leave an unforgettable experience.
Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty (Source: Chengdu Love Network)
Since the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, there have been more and more poets in Shu, and the most representative is the "poet saint" Du Fu. "Ji Dong took the childish and worked hard to go to Shumen" ("Mupiling"), Du Fu measured the Shu Road step by step with his feet. He started from Qinzhou, took the Chencang Road and the Jinniu Road to Lizhou (now Guangyuan), and finally arrived in Chengdu, traveling south along the way. Du Fu's two groups of poems in the Shu Chronicle, a total of 24 poems, combined together, are the field investigation and complete record of the Shu Dao. These 24 points, strung together into a line, outline a map of Shu Dao landscape, thousands of miles of mountains and rivers, jumping in front of you. In the Tang Dynasty, Meng Di's "Poems of Ability" made it clear that soon after Du Fu experienced the Longshu Poetry Road, he expressed what he saw, thought, and felt along the way in a nuanced poem, "so it was called 'Poetry History' at that time."
Du Fu spent 4 years in Chengdu, which was a rare happy and stable time in his life. It was also the heyday of his poetry creation, Du Fu wrote more than 1,400 poems in his life, of which more than 200 were written in Chengdu, and he left a famous poem that praised the ages.
The statue of Du Fu in the thatched cottage of Du Fu in Chengdu (Source: Chengdu Du Fu Thatched Cottage Museum)
In addition to Du Fu, there are also these poets who have a deep relationship with Shudi, Jinniu Dao, and Tianhuiyi.
Gao Shi was on the way from Chang'an to Shu to serve as the assassin of Pengzhou, and when he went down the Golden Bull Road, he wrote "The Work of Traveling to Pengzhou Mountain":
The cliffs are even Kongtong, and the peaks are stacked and green.
The sound of birds can stop the horses, and the forest color can be forgotten.
When the strange rocks invade the path, the light clothes are brushed.
The road is long and sad, and he is more homesick when he is old.
And Yue Yanluan wins, and Ning sighs against his will.
The mountain trip should not be finished, who will play Fangfei?
Cen Shen arrived in Chengdu through Luogu Road and Jinniu Road, and then went south to Jiazhou to serve as the assassin. On the Shu Road, he left many poems describing the majestic mountains and rivers, such as "Entering the Sword Gate to Send Du Yang Erlang to the Second Duke of Zhongshi and Marshal Du to Judge the Judge":
I don't know who opened this mountain at the beginning of creation.
The double cliffs stand against the sky, and ten thousand people are split from the ground.
The clouds can't fly to the top, and the birds go to the wall.
The speed is afraid of the rock inclination, and the one-way road is narrow.
It is still dark on the ground, and it is temporarily red at noon.
It is cold and cold, and there are five traces.
With the time to open and close, solid or reverse.
Majestic across the tower, majestic Pan limited to barbarian.
Xingdang is located in the southwest.
Steep sense of smoke and scenery, will be separated from China.
The Liu family was subverted in the past, and Gongsun was defeated.
I know that virtue is not good, and what is the benefit of this risk.
Xianggong General Division Brigade, far and near.
How late is Du Mu's coming, the Shu people should be more regretful.
Temporarily return to Danqing and use less money.
The two friends of Hua Province are both guests in the scene.
Good planning and Zuorong law, the essence is all painting.
Gawain is a poet, and he is poor in learning.
The Holy Dynasty has no outsiders, and the universe is Deze.
The four seas are now a family, in vain.
"Poetry Buddha" Wang Wei entered Shu from the Dasan Pass through the Bao Slope Road and the Golden Bull Road, and left a large number of poetry creations, such as "From the deep forest and dense bamboo road in the past to the Huangniu Ridge to see the Huanghua River":
The dangerous path is tens of thousands of turns, and there will be three days off for several miles.
Ring to see the apprentices, hidden across the forest hills.
The rain is sassy and pine, and the gurgling stones are in the middle.
In the deep stream, there is a long roar on the top of the mountain.
Looking at Nanshan Yang, the white dew is long.
The green gaoli has been cleaned, and the green trees are lush like floating.
used to be tired of secrets, and people were worried.
Wang Wei also painted "Zhan Ge Tu", "Sword Pavilion Tu" and "Shu Dao Tu" after leaving Shu, which shows how deeply impressed Wang Wei was by his trip to Shu.
Mingyue Gorge Plank Road (photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Tao Ming)
Yuan Zhi has traveled back and forth to Shu Road many times, and his poem says: "Seven times over the Baocheng Station, back to each for love." ("Ten Songs of Repatriation") fully illustrates the number of times the poet traveled to Shu Dao. Yuan Zhi had two experiences in his life, and in the preface to his "Making Dongchuan Group Poems", he said that he went to Dongchuan in the fourth year of Yuanhe, and composed a total of 32 poems. From this sequence, it can be seen that the route into Shu is, from Luogu Road to Jinniu Road, through Lizhou, Mianzhou to Zizhou. On the way to Shu, he left 22 poems.
Li Shangyin went to Shu to take up a post, passed by the Sword Pavilion, and when he passed by the Golden Bull Station, he remembered the story of "Qin Kaishu Road Placing the Golden Bull" and wrote "Jingluo":
Jing Luo Tianpeng was in the palm of his hand, and he boasted that the sky set the sword as the peak.
The formation map gathers Yanjiang stone in the east, and the snow ridge pine hangs in the west of the side.
It is a sigh that the late monarch became Du Yu, and the first master may be a real dragon.
In the future, in order to avenge the adultery, do not visit the old traces of the golden bull.
This is a warning to careerists not to try in vain to split the country by virtue of the dangerous situation in Shuzhong.
Wei Zhuang, a poet of the five dynasties of the late Tang Dynasty, entered Shu twice in his life, the second of which was from Chen Cangdao to Baocheng and Hanzhong, and then turned to Jinniu Road into Shu.
The green poplar city is miserable, and it has passed thousands of rounds and hooves.
Send me to Sanshu Road alone, and envy you to go up the Nine Ladders.
The mountains outside the horse gate are like life, and the flowers and smiles are like mud.
It is a good season of Qing and peace, and it is unbearable to leave the hatred of Jianmenxi.
After the Tang Dynasty, there were many poets who entered Shu, and the most important thing was naturally Lu You, who came along the Golden Bull Road, and a song "Encountering Light Rain in the Jianmen Road" was the most sincere fate between him and Shu Dao.
The clothes are covered with dust and wine marks, and the soul is lost everywhere when traveling.
Is this fit a poet? Drizzle rides a donkey into the sword gate.
Lu You indulged in landscapes and cherished the country in Shudi, wrote more than 1,000 poems, and left many masterpieces. For example, "Twenty miles of incense continues, Qingyang Palace to Huanhua Creek" ("Plum Blossom Quatrain"), "The humble does not dare to forget the country, and the matter must still be closed in the coffin" ("Sick Book"). After he left Shudi, he recalled the appearance of Tianhuiyi near Chengdu, and thought of the Chengbei Post Station written by Mrs. Hua Rui "Cuiyi Red Pavilion is close to Yujing, and the dream soul is still in Qingcheng" ("Tianhui Post"), and he felt a deep nostalgia in his poem, and turned into a deep nostalgia for "Tianhui Post River is like dyeing, and the willows on the edge of Fengji City are rubbing" ("Occasional Thinking of Shu Dao Fu").
The image is generated by AI
Countless poets have come along the Golden Bull Road, engraved immortal thoughts on the winding plank road, from Lu Zhaolin's melancholy to Wang Wei's free and easy, from Du Fu's contemplation to Lu You's remembrance, each poet has left his own unique mark on the Golden Bull Road. Countless poems are like bright stars, illuminating the long history of the Golden Bull Road and shining the thousand-year-old legend of Tianhui.
Source: Fang Zhi Taurus