Mao Zedong said to Gomulka in 1957: "How much power does the Soviet Union have, how much power do you and I have?" "The Chinese Navy has been created for less than 10 years and is still only in the stage of coastal defense, so how can it be possible to engage in a joint fleet with the USSR on an equal footing? What's more, if the Soviet Union builds a naval base in China, this is a big issue related to national sovereignty! China must make its own decisions about its own affairs, and not a single foreign soldier is allowed to gain a foothold on Chinese soil. This is the clear-cut stand of our party.
Khrushchev had repeatedly blamed and complained that Eugene would not be able to do things, and now that it ended like this, he probably felt that it was not good to step down, and after thinking about it, he suggested: "Comrade Mao Zedong, can we reach some kind of agreement that will allow our submarines to have a base in your country for refueling, repairs, short-term stays, and so on?" ”
"No way!" Mao Zedong flatly refused, waving his hand from the inside out, "I don't want to hear this kind of thing again!" "Comrade Mao Zedong, the countries of the Atlantic Treaty Organization are cooperating with each other, but we can't even reach an agreement on such a thing here!" Khrushchev showed a slight indignation, and when he was unhappy and angry, his eyes narrowed into a line, and his gaze seemed to be condensed into a sharp beam after being spotlighted.
Mao Zedong calmed down, and even smoked a cigarette leisurely. Probably his goal was achieved: to find out what the Soviets really thought, and to seize the opportunity to make it clear to them that major matters involving sovereignty would not work! Khrushchev had stopped squinting, and his expression had returned to calm. After all, he is the leader of a big country, and his will is strong enough, he suddenly smiled: "For the sake of reason, if you want, Comrade Mao Zedong, your submarines can also use our Murmansk as a base." ”
"Don't!" Mao Zedong sucked his lower lip, smiled faintly, and said in a slow and logical voice: "We don't go to your Murmansk, we don't want to make a name for ourselves there, and we don't want you to come to us for a name for yourself." After a heated debate, Khrushchev finally said: "You don't understand, and we won't mention it." If you don't agree, don't agree. "Khrushchev no longer holds out any hopes. But his heart was swollen again, and he muttered in a complaining tone: "Why do you misunderstand us like this? Comrade Mao Zedong, as you know, we, the Soviet Union, have done a lot of help to you China. When I came here in 1954, we returned Port Arthur to China, gave up our stake in the United Joint Stock Company in Xinjiang, 25 years earlier than the date stipulated in the agreement between you and Stalin, and we increased our economic assistance to you......"
"That's another question." Mao's tone also softened, "We thank you for your assistance, but that's another question." ”
The fact that the meeting at the Yi Nian Hall began as soon as he got off the plane shows that Mao Zedong attached great importance to it. Throughout his life, he attached great importance to the issue of China's sovereignty.
With Li Yueran's recollections, we have a general impression of Khrushchev's visit to China. However, on the same matter, standing on different standpoints, there will naturally be different conclusions, and Khrushchev, as one of the parties involved, also has a description of his visit to China, which we might as well transcribe, and I believe that readers will taste some flavor from it.
It is worth reminding readers that there is a striking similarity in their statements on this matter.
Khrushchev recalled:
I remember very well how Mao Zedong categorically rejected our efforts to cooperate in the military in 1958. According to an agreement, our aircraft can stop and refuel at airports in China. After our long-range submarines are commissioned, we need to set up a radio station in China to maintain contact with our fleet. By the way, before that, the Chinese had offered us to give them the design drawings of the ships and teach them the techniques of building submarines. So we think it's a reasonable thing to say that we should build a radio station in China. But they said no. Soon I received a coded telegram from Eugene reporting on the anti-Soviet attitude of the Chinese leadership.
I said to my comrades, "By courtesy, it's Mao Zedong's turn to come to us for a state visit, and then we can go back to them." But given the current situation, we'd better go to him and talk. This is best served as a private meeting in order to find out how much we have differences with our Chinese comrades. ”
This is my last visit to China. That was in 1959. (Author's note: This is a slip of the tongue in Khrushchev's recounting of his memoirs in his later years, when in fact 1958 was the second visit, not the last.) Our talks were amicable, but there were no concrete results. In the midst of the discussion, we brought up the issue of radio stations. I said: "Comrade Mao Zedong, we will pay you to build this radio station, and it doesn't matter who this radio station belongs to, we just use it to maintain radio contact with our submarines." We are even willing to give this radio station to you, but hopefully this radio station will be set up as soon as possible, our fleet is now active in the Pacific Ocean, and our main base is in Vladivostok. Comrade Mao Zedong, can we reach some kind of agreement that will allow our submarines to have a base in your country for refueling, repairs, short-term berthing, etc.? ”
"Finally, again, no! And I don't want to hear anyone talk about it again. "Comrade Mao Zedong, there is no trouble in the cooperation and supply of the Atlantic Treaty Organization countries, but we can't even reach an agreement on such a simple matter here?"
"Can't!" I don't understand why he's so angry. To be reasonable, I made one last attempt, and I said, "Your submarines can use our Murmank as a base if you wish." ”
"Don't! We don't want to do anything in Murmansk, and we don't want you to do anything with us. The United Kingdom and other foreigners have been on our soil for many years, and we don't want anyone to use our land for their own ends. "He never allowed us to build a submarine base in China.
Reading this part of his recollection, we can't help but notice how similar his statement is to Li Yueran's statement. If it wasn't that they borrowed from each other when writing, it meant that they had too deep a memory of the situation at that time, otherwise, how could they even speak the same words?
If we want to study the relationship between Mao Zedong and Khrushchev, it is a difficult matter. But their ideological differences have long been a bit eyebrow-raising. The ideological differences were later reflected in the treatment of Stalin and other issues, and according to the author's opinion, there were both factors of their personality and non-personality factors.
Disagreements don't start on any one day, they accumulate over a long period of time. For the sake of narrative convenience, we have grouped the differences together so that the reader will be more aware of them.
On the issue of "peaceful transition," Mao Zedong simply did not agree with such a formulation. He believes that anything that is reactionary, if you don't fight it, it won't fall, and imperialism will not withdraw from the stage of history on its own.
Khrushchev, however, believed that in some countries, it is possible to engage in legal struggles and take the road of parliament. They couldn't talk about it at all, and Mao Zedong didn't want to talk about it anymore, so he asked Deng Xiaoping to talk to them.
They also disagree on the treatment of nuclear weapons. Mao Zedong asked Khrushchev: "If the enemy uses nuclear weapons, can we wait and then return fire?" ”
"You can't wait a second, you have to fight back immediately." This is full of Khrushchev character. "How can you be so accurate? Know when he will put it? "Mao Zedong just likes to sing the opposite.
Khrushchev said: "We can know. If any socialist country is attacked, we must immediately fight back. ”
Mao Zedong was unhappy again, he said: "This is not right, every country is independent, it depends on whether people invite you." ”
…… Taken from "Diaoyutai Past Tracking Report", the author is kept by Dong